scholarly journals Effects of Polysaccharides From Auricularia auricula on the Immuno-Stimulatory Activity and Gut Microbiota in Immunosuppressed Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghui Kong ◽  
Weiwen Duan ◽  
Dingjin Li ◽  
Xiaoxian Tang ◽  
Zhenhua Duan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Auricularia Auricula ◽  
Stimulatory Activity ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

A polysaccharide from natural Cordyceps sinensis regulates the intestinal immunity and gut microbiota in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Chen ◽  
Junqiao Wang ◽  
Qiuyue Fang ◽  
Nan Dong ◽  
Qingying Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Th 1 ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

A polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis (NCSP) was reported to attenuate intestinal injury and regulate balance of T helper (Th)1/Th2 cells in immunosuppressed mice. However, whether it influences Th17 and regulatory...

scholarly journals Chitosan Protects Immunosuppressed Mice Against Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Through TLR4/STAT1 Signaling Pathways and Gut Microbiota Modulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Ur Rahman ◽  
Haiyan Gong ◽  
Rongsheng Mi ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Xiangan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Stat1 Signaling ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

Cryptosporidium parvum infection is very common in infants, immunocompromised patients, or in young ruminants, and chitosan supplementation exhibits beneficial effects against the infection caused by C. parvum. This study investigated whether chitosan supplementation modulates the gut microbiota and mediates the TLR4/STAT1 signaling pathways and related cytokines to attenuate C. parvum infection in immunosuppressed mice. Immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice were divided into five treatment groups. The unchallenged mice received a basal diet (control), and three groups of mice challenged with 1 × 106 C. parvum received a basal diet, a diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg/day paromomycin, and 1 mg/kg/day chitosan, and unchallenged mice treated with 1 mg/kg/day chitosan. Chitosan supplementation regulated serum biochemical indices and significantly (p < 0.01) reduced C. parvum oocyst excretion in infected mice treated with chitosan compared with the infected mice that received no treatment. Chitosan-fed infected mice showed significantly (p < 0.01) decreased mRNA expression levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to infected mice that received no treatment. Chitosan significantly inhibited TLR4 and upregulated STAT1 protein expression (p < 0.01) in C. parvum-infected mice. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that chitosan supplementation increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes/Bacteroides, while that of Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Defferribacteres, and Firmicutes decreased (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings revealed that chitosan supplementation can ameliorate C. parvum infection by remodeling the composition of the gut microbiota of mice, leading to mediated STAT1/TLR4 up- and downregulation and decreased production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and these changes resulted in better resolution and control of C. parvum infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation on prebiotic properties of β-glucan and oligo-β-glucan from mushrooms by human fecal microbiota in fecal batch culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiraphon Chaikliang ◽  
Santad Wichienchot ◽  
Wirote Youravoug ◽  
Potchanapond Graidist
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Auricularia Auricula ◽  
Commercial Yeast

Background: β-glucan is dietary fiber, a structural polysaccharide, β-linked linear chains of D-glucose polymers with variable frequency of branches. β-glucan is isolated from different sources such as cell walls of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), cereals (oat and barley) and various species of mushrooms. Among 8 mushrooms in the study, Schizophylum commune Fr and Auricularia auricula Judae had the highest in β-glucan contents and the cheapest cost of mushroom per content of β-glucan, respectively. Even the function of β-glucan on immune modulation has been known however no report on interaction between β-glucan and human gut microbiota. Gut microbiota is thought to have health effects by interaction with non-digestible component particular fermentable dietary fiber. It is important to correlate the specific groups of the microbial communities associated with β-glucan fermentation and the consequential SCFA profiles. β-glucan from mushroom may has potential prebiotic function similar to those from commercial yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) β-glucan. Objective: To evaluate on prebiotic properties of soluble β-glucans and oligo-β-glucans from Schizophylum commune Fr and Auricularia auricula Judae by fecal fermentation in batch culture. Methods: In vitro fecal fermentation in anaerobic batch cultures under simulated conditions similar to human colon with human faecal samples from three donors were performed. Comparison on 3 β-glucans and 2 oligo-β-glucans have been studied. Sample was taken at 0 h, 24 h and 48 h to analyze the numbers of bacterial changes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analyzed by HPLC. The prebiotic index (PI) was calculated according to the change of 5 specific bacterial genus within 48 h fermentation. Results: Soluble β-glucan from Auricularia auricula Judae increased numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus significantly (P<0.05). The PI of soluble β-glucan and oligo-β-glucan from Schizophylum commune Fr were 0.01 and -0.01, respectively. β-glucan and oligo-β-glucan from Auricularia auricula Judae were 0.11 and -0.07, respectively. Whereas PI of β-glucan from commercial yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was 0.03. Acetate was the most prevalent SCFA found in all treatments followed by propionate, butyrate and lactate, respectively. Conclusion: The study confirmed that β-glucan from Schizophylum commune Fr and Auricularia auricula Judae are candidate prebiotics. Keywords: β-glucan, oligo-β-glucan, prebiotic, mushroom, fecal batch culture

Caulerpa lentilliferapolysaccharides enhance the immunostimulatory activity in immunosuppressed mice in correlation with modulating gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4315-4329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiao Sun ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Chunqing Ai ◽  
Shuang Song ◽  
Xuefeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immunostimulatory Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Caulerpa Lentillifera ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

Caulerpa lentilliferapolysaccharides could serve as novel prebiotics and immunostimulators, since they improve the immune-related factors and modulate the gut microbiota in cytoxan-induced immunosuppressed mice.

scholarly journals Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum on Gut Microbiota and Immune System of Immunosuppressed Mouse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yun Yun Jhang ◽  
Sung-Hyen Lee ◽  
Eun-Byeol Lee ◽  
Ji-Hye Choi ◽  
Sohyun Bang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Platycodon Grandiflorum ◽  
Platycodin D ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Traditional Remedy ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been used as a traditional remedy to control immune related diseases. However, there is limited information about its immune stimulating effects on the immunosuppressed model. The main bioactive components such as saponins are known to con-tribute to controlling immune activity. Thus, we developed an aged red PG (PGS) with 2.6 times of platycodin D, one of the saponins. We treated PG and PGS (PG-diets) to immunosuppressed mice via cyclophosphamide (CPA) injection. After 2weeks of the supplement, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of PG-diets on the gut microbiota and immune system in the immune suppressed model. PG-diets groups showed an increased abundance of microorganism in immune-deficient mice compared to the control NC group, indicating PG-diets have a distinct effect on microbial communities. Detection of specific genera related to the immune related biomarkers in PG-diets groups can support their effects on the immune system. Especially, the Akkermansia showed a significant decrease of abundance in response to the CPA treatment in the NC group at the genus level, but its abundance increased in response to the PG-diets treatment in the PG-diets groups. We also found that the modulation of gut microbiome by PG-diets was correlated with body weight as one of important immune biomarkers, though not much difference was found between PG and PGS effects. The results demonstrate that PG-diets may improve the health benefits of immune suppressed mice by altering the gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Immunity and the Gut Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Mingyi Sun ◽  
Hongyu Jin ◽  
Jianbo Yang ◽  
Shuai Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Caco2 Cells ◽  
Immune Traits ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice ◽  
Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides

The mechanism of immunoregulation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) was assessed by studying the effect of LBP on the immunity and the gut microbiota. LBP isolated and purified in this study was composed of nine monosaccharides, with an Mw 1,207 kDa. LBP showed immunomodulatory activity in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated mice by restoring the damaged immune organs and adjusting the T lymphocyte subsets. We also found that LBP increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and the relative abundances of bacteria, such as Rickenellaceae, Prevotellaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and so on, which were positively associated with immune traits. In addition, Caco2 cells model was used to explore the intestinal absorption of LBP. Results showed that LBP was hardly absorbed in the intestine, which suggesting that most LBP may interact with gut microbiota. These findings suggest that the immune response induced by LBP is associated with the regulation of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Pleurotus Ostreatus β-glucan Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppression by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalu Shao ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Ponce ◽  
Deli Chen ◽  
Lei Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract BackgroundImmunosuppression has given a serious threat to human health and can induce gut microbial dysbiosis. Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) β-glucan (POG) with an average molecular weight of 214.5 kDa, mainly consisting of 95.72 mol% glucose by β-(1→3) linkages, can probably act as promising probiotics to modulate gut microbiota for relieving immunosuppression.ResultsIn this study, based on a mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, we found that high dose of POG (HPOG, 0.9 g/kg bodyweight) could stimulate immune response by increasing the concentrations of cytokines and immunoglobulins in serum. After administration of POG, the pathological damages to spleen and thymus were recovered in immunosuppressed mice, accompanied with an improved intestinal mucosal barrier maintained by tight junction proteins. Additionally, HPOG enriched short chain fatty acids and restored gut microbiota composition in immunosuppressed mice. Specifically, HPOG-mediated genera, including Intestinimonas (OTU185, OTU232), Bacteroides (OTU002, OTU034) and Barnesiella (OTU046), were found to have significant Spearman's correlation with the recovery of immune function and intestinal mucosal barrier.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that POG had the potential to protect mice from immunosuppression by “drugging the gut microbiota”.

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