scholarly journals Radiation-Inactivated S. gallinarum Vaccine Provides a High Protective Immune Response by Activating Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Ji ◽  
Eui-Baek Byun ◽  
Fengjia Chen ◽  
Ki Bum Ahn ◽  
Ho Kyoung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Protective Immune Response ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Group D

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) is a common pathogen in chickens, and causes an acute systemic disease that leads to high mortality. The live attenuated vaccine 9R is able to successfully protect chickens older than six weeks by activating a robust cell-mediated immune response, but its safety and efficacy in young chickens remains controversial. An inactivated SG vaccine is being used as an alternative, but because of its low cellular immune response, it cannot be used as a replacement for live attenuated 9R vaccine. In this study, we employed gamma irradiation instead of formalin as an inactivation method to increase the efficacy of the inactivated SG vaccine. Humoral, cellular, and protective immune responses were compared in both mouse and chicken models. The radiation-inactivated SG vaccine (r-SG) induced production of significantly higher levels of IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies than the formalin-inactivated vaccine (f-SG), and provided a homogeneous functional antibody response against group D, but not group B Salmonella. Moreover, we found that r-SG vaccination could provide a higher protective immune response than f-SG by inducing higher Th17 activation. These results indicate that r-SG can provide a protective immune response similar to the live attenuated 9R vaccine by activating a higher humoral immunity and a lower, but still protective, cellular immune response. Therefore, we expect that the radiation inactivation method might substitute for the 9R vaccine with little or no side effects in chickens younger than six weeks.

scholarly journals Dermatophytosis: association between ABO blood groups and reactivity to the trichophytin

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Regina VILANI-MORENO ◽  
Maria Sueli Parreira de ARRUDA ◽  
Simone Guadgnucci CLARO ◽  
Elaine Valim Camarinha MARCOS ◽  
Somei URA
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cellular Immune

The authors investigated the relationship between dermatophytosis and ABO blood groups through blood typing, identification of isolated dermatophytes and specific cellular immune response of 40 individuals carriers of this mycosis. They verified that the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, isolated from 54.5% of the patients, was more frequent in individuals belonging to blood group A. The cellular immune response, evaluated through the trichophytin antigen, was positive in 25% of the studied patients; the presence of immediate reactions (30 minutes) was verified in 35%. The blood group distribution among patients with dermatophytosis and control groups was, respectively: 47.5% X 36% in group A, 40% X 50% in group O, 12.5% X 11% in group B. Even though the authors have found a higher number of patients belonging to blood group A infected by T. rubrum, these results suggest that there is no statistical evidence that these individuals are more susceptible to dermatophytosis.

scholarly journals Evidence of Long-Lasting Humoral and Cellular Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Even in Elderly COVID-19 Convalescents Showing a Mild to Moderate Disease Progression

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Christopher Lindenkamp ◽  
Christoph Lichtenberg ◽  
Ingvild Birschmann ◽  
Cornelius Knabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Cellular Immune

We here evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in 41 COVID-19 convalescents. As previous studies mostly included younger individuals, one advantage of our study is the comparatively high mean age of the convalescents included in the cohort considered (54 ± 8.4 years). While anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were still detectable in 95% of convalescents up to 8 months post infection, an antibody-decay over time was generally observed in most donors. Using a multiplex assay, our data additionally reveal that most convalescents exhibit a broad humoral immunity against different viral epitopes. We demonstrate by flow cytometry that convalescent donors show a significantly elevated number of natural killer cells when compared to healthy controls, while no differences were found concerning other leucocyte subpopulations. We detected a specific long-lasting cellular immune response in convalescents by stimulating immune cells with SARS-CoV-2-specific peptides, covering domains of the viral spike, membrane and nucleocapsid protein, and measuring interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release thereafter. We modified a commercially available ELISA assay for IFN-γ determination in whole-blood specimens of COVID-19 convalescents. One advantage of this assay is that it does not require special equipment and can, thus, be performed in any standard laboratory. In conclusion, our study adds knowledge regarding the persistence of immunity of convalescents suffering from mild to moderate COVID-19. Moreover, our study provides a set of simple methods to characterize and confirm experienced COVID-19.

Cellular immune response induced by surface immunogenic protein with AbISCO-100 adjuvant vaccination decreases group B Streptococcus vaginal colonization

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Soto ◽  
Diego A. Diaz-Dinamarca ◽  
Daniel A. Soto ◽  
Magaly J. Barrientos ◽  
Flavio Carrión ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Immunogenic Protein ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals T- and B-cell immunosuppressive activity of novel α-santonin analogs with humoral and cellular immune response in Balb/c mice

MedChemComm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar A. Dangroo ◽  
Jasvinder Singh ◽  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Shashank Singh ◽  
Anapurna Kaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Immunosuppressive Activity ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immune

Herein we report the synthesis of α-santonin analogs, and identification of potent immunosuppressant molecules. In vivo investigation on BALB/c mice revealed that compound 4e suppresses both humoral and cellular immunity.

scholarly journals Evidence of long-lasting humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 even in elderly COVID-19 convalescents showing a mild to moderate disease progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Christopher Lindenkamp ◽  
Christoph Lichtenberg ◽  
Ingvild Birschmann ◽  
Cornelius Knabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractAfter the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in China in late 2019, a pandemic evolved that has claimed millions of lives so far. While about 80 % of infections cause mild or moderate COVID-19 disease, some individuals show a severe progression or even die. Most countries are far from achieving herd-immunity, however, the first approved vaccines offer hope for containment of the virus. Although much is known about the virus, there is a lack of information on the immunity of convalescent individuals.We here evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in 41 COVID-19 convalescents. As previous studies mostly included younger individuals, one advantage of our study is the comparatively high mean age of the convalescents included in the cohort considered (54 ± 8.4 years). While anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were still detectable in 95 % of convalescents up to 8 months post infection, an antibody-decay over time was generally observed in most donors. Using a multiplex assay, our data additionally reveal that most convalescents exhibit a broad humoral immunity against different viral epitopes. We demonstrate by flow cytometry that convalescent donors show a significantly elevated number of natural killer cells when compared to healthy controls, while no differences were found concerning other leucocyte subpopulations. We detected a specific long-lasting cellular immune response in convalescents by stimulating immune cells with SARS-CoV-2-specific peptides, covering domains of the viral spike, membrane and nucleocapsid protein, and measuring interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release thereafter. We modified a commercially available ELISA assay for IFN-γ determination in whole-blood specimens of COVID-19 convalescents. One advantage of this assay is that it does not require special equipment and can, thus, be performed in any standard laboratory. In conclusion, our study adds knowledge regarding the persistence of immunity of convalescents suffering from mild to moderate COVID-19. Moreover, our study provides a set of simple methods to characterize and confirm experienced COVID-19.

Humoral and cellular immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of Microsporum canis in experimentally infected guinea pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Mignon ◽  
T. Leclipteux ◽  
CH. Focant ◽  
A. J. Nikkels ◽  
G. E. PIErard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Cellular Immune

The humoral and cellular immune response of sheep against Borna disease virus in endemic and non-endemic areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Müller-Doblies ◽  
S. Baumann ◽  
P. Grob ◽  
A. Hülsmeier ◽  
U. Müller-Doblies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Borna Disease

Does gamma knife surgery stimulate cellular immune response to metastatic brain tumors? A histopathological and immunohistochemical study

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
György T. Szeifert ◽  
Isabelle Salmon ◽  
Sandrine Rorive ◽  
Nicolas Massager ◽  
Daniel Devriendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The aim of this study was to analyze the cellular immune response and histopathological changes in secondary brain tumors after gamma knife surgery (GKS). Methods. Two hundred ten patients with cerebral metastases underwent GKS. Seven patients underwent subsequent craniotomy for tumor removal between 1 and 33 months after GKS. Four of these patients had one tumor, two patients had two tumors, and one patient had three. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations were performed. In addition to routine H & E and Mallory trichrome staining, immunohistochemical reactions were conducted to characterize the phenotypic nature of the cell population contributing to the tissue immune response to neoplastic deposits after radiosurgery. Light microscopy revealed an intensive lymphocytic infiltration in the parenchyma and stroma of tumor samples obtained in patients in whom surgery was performed over 6 months after GKS. Contrary to this, extensive areas of tissue necrosis with either an absent or scanty lymphoid population were observed in the poorly controlled neoplastic specimens obtained in cases in which surgery was undertaken in patients less than 6 months after GKS. Immunohistochemical characterization demonstrated the predominance of CD3-positive T cells in the lymphoid infiltration. Conclusions. Histopathological findings of the present study are consistent with a cellular immune response of natural killer cells against metastatic brain tumors, presumably stimulated by the ionizing energy of focused radiation.

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