scholarly journals Circulating Exosome Involves in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases Through Immunomodulatory Proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Jia ◽  
Tianyu Zhai ◽  
Jin-an Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Data Independent Acquisition ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Immune Imbalance

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic organ-specific autoimmune diseases, mainly including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, contain a variety of biologically active substances that play a role in information exchange, thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of diseases. However, it is unclear whether exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of AITDs. In this study, the role of exosomes in AITDs was explored from a proteomics perspective. Plasma exosomes were isolated from 12 patients with GD, 10 patients with HT, and seven normal controls (NC). Protein profiles were detected using the data-independent acquisition (DIA) method and analyzed to investigate changes in plasma exosome proteins. In the setting of GD, 11 proteins were upregulated while 197 proteins were downregulated compared with healthy people. Among them, MAP1S (log2 FC = 4.669, p = 0.009) and VAMP8 (log2 FC = 3.216, p = 0.003) were the most significantly upregulated, and RSU1 (log2 FC = −6.797, p = 0.001), ACTB (log2 FC = −4.795, p < 0.001), and CXCL7 (log2 FC = −4.674, p < 0.001) were the most significantly downregulated. In the cases of HT, HGFL (log2 FC = 2.766, p = 0.001), FAK1 (log2 FC = 2.213, p < 0.001), and PTN12 (log2 FC = 1.624, p < 0.001) were significantly upregulated, while PSMF1 (log2 FC = −3.591, p < 0.001), PXL2B (log2 FC = −2.622, p = 0.001), and CYTM (log2 FC = −1.609, p < 0.001) were the most downregulated. These differential proteins were mainly enriched in the immune system and metabolic system, indicating that plasma exosomes may play an important role in systemic immune imbalance in AITDs.

scholarly journals Safety of Aesthetic Medicine Procedures in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Literature Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Kamil Adamczyk ◽  
Ewa Rusyan ◽  
Edward Franek
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Potential Possibility

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, affecting 2–5% of the world’s population. Due to the autoimmune background of thyroid diseases, we analyzed a wide range of cosmetic procedures, from minimally invasive cosmetic injections (mesotherapy) to highly invasive procedures, such as lifting threads. Out of the seven categories of treatments in aesthetic medicine analyzed by us—hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin, autologous platelet-rich plasma, autologous fat grafting, lifting threads, IPL and laser treatment and mesotherapy—only two, mesotherapy and lifting threads, are not recommended. This is due to the lack of safety studies and the potential possibility of a higher frequency of side effects in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals The role of selenium in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Evgeniya S. Senyushkina ◽  
Maria A. Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Combined Deficiency

The past few years have been actively discussing the role of individual macro- and micronutrients as factors regulating the functional activity of organs and systems and reducing the risk of developing a number of diseases, including thyroid diseases. Selenium is one of the most important and intensively studied at present microelements. According to several studies, its low plasma level is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases. In animal experiments, it was shown that a combined deficiency of selenium and iodine leads to more pronounced hypothyroidism than iodine deficiency alone. Some authors believe that cretinism in the newborn is a consequence of the combined deficiency of these two elements in the mother. It is also important that the optimal level of selenium is necessary both to initiate an immune response and to regulate an excessive immune response, as well as chronic inflammation. The review article discusses the relationship between selenium and thyroid pathology, discusses the role of selenium in the physiology of the thyroid gland and in the development of autoimmune diseases. The biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of thyroid disease are presented.

A potential role of TNFR gene polymorphisms in autoimmune thyroid diseases in the Tunisian population

Cytokine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Kammoun-Krichen ◽  
Noura Bougacha-Elleuch ◽  
Kaouthar Makni ◽  
Mouna Mnif ◽  
Joumaa Jouida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

scholarly journals Role of the T and B lymphocytes in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rydzewska ◽  
Michał Jaromin ◽  
Izabela Elżbieta Pasierowska ◽  
Karlina Stożek ◽  
Artur Bossowski
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
T And B Lymphocytes ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

scholarly journals The role of common genetic markers in susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Alexandrovna Repina
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

This review generalizes current data on the genes responsible for combined susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Analysisof the role of common genetic markers facilitates understanding their contribution to the development of each of the two or several concomitantautoimmune diseases affecting a single patient

scholarly journals The Role of Medical Staff in Shaping the Nutrition Habits in Patients with Autoimmunization Thyroid Diseases in Poland.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Czubek ◽  
Piotr Romaniuk ◽  
Klaudia Alcer ◽  
Mirjana Varjacic
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common diseases in humans. Their pathogenesis is complex. Patients are searching for ways of coping with them condition, including diet modifications. The aim of this study was to assess the role of medical personnel in shaping eating habits in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease based on experiences declared by patients. Methods: There were 208 people that took part in the study, of which 205 were qualified for final analysis. The results showed that patients most often choose online sources, while medical personnel rank second as the source of information on dietary recommendations.Results: People with thyroid disease are statistically more likely to use dietitian advice than people without thyroid disease. The highest percentage of respondents decided to modify their nutrition due to their own initiative. In addition, patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are statistically more likely to consider changing their diet to improve their well-being. The connection between the source of advice and modification of eating behaviour was also noted.Conclusion: Thanks to the joint effort of medical staff, patients can receive reliable knowledge about their disease, treatment and nutrition adapted to their needs.Trial registration: approved by the Bioethics Committee of Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (opinion no.: PCN/0022/KB1/80/2).

scholarly journals The Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Management of the Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Małkowski ◽  
Zbigniew Serafin ◽  
Rafał Glonek ◽  
Szymon Suwała ◽  
Rita Łopatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

scholarly journals The Human Microbiota in Endocrinology: Implications for Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognosis in Thyroid Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Docimo ◽  
Angelo Cangiano ◽  
Roberto Maria Romano ◽  
Marcello Filograna Pignatelli ◽  
Chiara Offi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Benign Nodules ◽  
The Impact

The human microbiota is an integral component in the maintenance of health and of the immune system. Microbiome-wide association studies have found numerous diseases associated to dysbiosis. Studies are needed to move beyond correlations and begin to address causation. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD) are one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders with an increasing prevalence, higher than 5% worldwide. Most frequent manifestations of ATD are Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. The exact etiology of ATD remains unknown. Until now it is not clear whether bacterial infections can trigger ATD or modulate the efficacy of treatment and prognosis. The aim of our review is to characterize the microbiota and in ATD and to evaluate the impact of dysbiosis on treatment and prognosis. Moreover, variation of gut microbiome has been associated with thyroid cancer and benign nodules. Here we will characterize the microbioma in benign thyroid nodules, and papillary thyroid cancer to evaluate their implications in the pathophysiology and progression.

scholarly journals TGF-β Physiology as a Novel Therapeutic Target Regarding Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Where Do We Stand and What to Expect

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Efstratios Kardalas ◽  
Spyridoula Maraka ◽  
Maria Papagianni ◽  
George Paltoglou ◽  
Charalampos Siristatidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Activation Pathways ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as a master regulator of immune response, is deeply implicated in the complex pathophysiology and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Based on the close interplay between thyroid autoimmunity and TGF-β, scientific interest was shifted to the understanding of the possible role of this molecule regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these diseases. The main aim of this review is to present research data about possible treatment options based on the role of TGF-β in thyroid autoimmunity. Suggested TGF-β-mediated therapeutic strategies regarding autoimmune thyroid diseases include either the enhancement of its immunosuppressive role or inhibition of its facilitatory role in thyroid autoimmunity. For example, the application of hr-TGF-β can be used to bolster the inhibitory role of TGF-β regarding the development of thyroid diseases, whereas anti-TGF-β antibodies and similar molecules could impede its immune-promoting effects by blocking different levels of TGF-β biosynthesis and activation pathways. In conclusion, TGF-β could evolve to a promising, novel therapeutic tool for thyroid autoimmunity.

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