scholarly journals Alcohol Use and Abuse Conspires With HIV Infection to Aggravate Intestinal Dysbiosis and Increase Microbial Translocation in People Living With HIV: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangyu Yan ◽  
Jing Ouyang ◽  
Stéphane Isnard ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Vijay Harypursat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Alcohol Use And Abuse

The intestinal microbiome is an essential so-called human “organ”, vital for the induction of innate immunity, for metabolizing nutrients, and for maintenance of the structural integrity of the intestinal barrier. HIV infection adversely influences the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiome, resulting in structural and functional impairment of the intestinal barrier and an increased intestinal permeability. Pathogens and metabolites may thus cross the “leaky” intestinal barrier and enter the systemic circulation, which is a significant factor accounting for the persistent underlying chronic inflammatory state present in people living with HIV (PLWH). Additionally, alcohol use and abuse has been found to be prevalent in PLWH and has been strongly associated with the incidence and progression of HIV/AIDS. Recently, converging evidence has indicated that the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is related to intestinal microbiome and barrier function through numerous pathways. Alcohol acts as a “partner” with HIV in disrupting microbiome ecology, and thus impairing of the intestinal barrier. Optimizing the microbiome and restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier is likely to be an effective adjunctive therapeutic strategy for PLWH. We herein critically review the interplay among HIV, alcohol, and the gut barrier, thus setting the scene with regards to development of effective strategies to counteract the dysregulated gut microbiome and the reduction of microbial translocation and inflammation in PLWH.

Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use among People Living with HIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Fisk ◽  
Veronica L. Richards ◽  
Robert F. Leeman ◽  
Babette Brumback ◽  
Christa Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Living With Hiv

Assessment of coronary inflammation in antiretroviral treated people living with HIV infection and active HIV/HCV co-infection

AIDS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Jeudy ◽  
Pratik Patel ◽  
Nivya George ◽  
Shana Burrowes ◽  
Jennifer Husson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Health-related quality of life of people living with HIV infection in Spain: a gender perspective

AIDS Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmina R. Fumaz ◽  
Maider Larrañaga-Eguilegor ◽  
Sonia Mayordomo-López ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Marian González-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farina Karim ◽  
Inbal Gazy ◽  
Sandile Cele ◽  
Yenzekile Zungu ◽  
Robert Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Changes ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Hiv Negative

There are conflicting reports on the effects of HIV on COVID-19. Here we analyzed disease severity and immune cell changes during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in 236 participants from South Africa, of which 39% were people living with HIV (PLWH), during the first and second (beta dominated) infection waves. The second wave had more PLWH requiring supplemental oxygen relative to HIV negative participants. Higher disease severity was associated with low CD4 T cell counts and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLR). Yet, CD4 counts recovered and NLR stabilized after SARS-CoV-2 clearance in wave 2 infected PLWH, arguing for an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection leading to low CD4 and high NLR. The first infection wave, where severity in HIV negative and PLWH was similar, still showed some HIV modulation of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. Therefore, HIV infection can synergize with the SARS-CoV-2 variant to change COVID-19 outcomes.

scholarly journals Trans cohort metabolic reprogramming towards glutaminolysis in long-term successfully treated HIV-infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Mikaeloff ◽  
Sara Svensson Akusjärvi ◽  
George Mondinde Ikomey ◽  
Shuba Krishnan ◽  
Maike Sperk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
System Level ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractDespite successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), persistent low-grade immune activation together with inflammation and toxic antiretroviral drugs can lead to long-lasting metabolic flexibility and adaptation in people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study investigated alterations in the plasma metabolic profiles by comparing PLWH on long-term cART(>5 years) and matched HIV-negative controls (HC) in two cohorts from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), Cameroon, and India, respectively, to understand the system-level dysregulation in HIV-infection. Using untargeted and targeted LC-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling and applying advanced system biology methods, an altered amino acid metabolism, more specifically to glutaminolysis in PLWH than HC were reported. A significantly lower level of neurosteroids was observed in both cohorts and could potentiate neurological impairments in PLWH. Further, modulation of cellular glutaminolysis promoted increased cell death and latency reversal in pre-monocytic HIV-1 latent cell model U1, which may be essential for the clearance of the inducible reservoir in HIV-integrated cells.

scholarly journals Features of choosing the tactics and method of treatment of external joint frequencies of long external bones in people living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
N. G. Doronin ◽  
S. N. Khoroshkov ◽  
S. L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Articular Fractures ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective. Develop an algorithm for determining tactics and parameters of their treatment to improve treatment outcomes. Methodology. Material and research methods. A statistical analysis of the treatment results of 90 HIV-infected patients aged from 23 to 54 years with extra-articular fractures of long bones of the extremities was carried out. When determining the tactics and method of treatment, the peculiarities of the effect of HIV infection, antiretroviral drugs, and opportunistic diseases on the patient’s body were not taken into account. Results. Non-infectious complications are characteristic of HIV-infected patients: sides of the postoperative wound (seromas, hematomas, discrepancy of wound edges, delayed crushing), aseptic loosening and migration of fixatives, delayed consolidation of fractures. The presence of a statistically significant relationship between the objective factors characterizing the course of HIV infection: the stage of the disease, the number of CD lymphocytes, the ratio of CD4 / CD8 lymphocytes, viral load and the risk of postoperative complications was revealed.Conclusion. The application of the developed algorithm allows you to objectify the procedure and provide an individual approach in determining the tactics and method of treatment for HIV-infected patients with extraarticular fractures of long bones of the extremities

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