scholarly journals Instrumented Wave Gliders for Air-Sea Interaction and Upper Ocean Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Grare ◽  
Nicholas M. Statom ◽  
Nick Pizzo ◽  
Luc Lenain
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Minimal Flow ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Frontal Processes ◽  
Ocean Observations ◽  
Measurement Capabilities

Over the last several years, the Air-Sea Interaction Laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography has developed a fleet of wave-powered, uncrewed Wave Gliders (Liquid Robotics) specifically designed and instrumented for state-of-the-art air-sea interaction and upper ocean observations. In this study, measurement capabilities from these platforms are carefully described, compared, and validated against coincident measurements from well-established, independent data sources. Data collected from four major field programs from 2013 to 2020 are considered in the analysis. Case studies focusing on air-sea interaction, Langmuir circulations, and frontal processes are presented. We demonstrate here that these novel, instrumented platforms are capable of collecting observations with minimal flow-structure interaction in the air-sea boundary layer, a region of crucial current and future importance for models of weather and climate.

Sustained Ocean Observations from Merchant Marine Vessels

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Rossby
Keyword(s):  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
Ocean Observations ◽  
Mean State

Merchant marine vessels have provided invaluable information about weather and climate over the seas. In this note, it is shown how these vessels also contribute to ocean research through systematic surveys of upper ocean temperature, salinity and currents. By repeatedly sampling a particular route, one can obtain an accurate picture of the mean state of the ocean and where and how it varies. With a few examples drawn from our own work we show how commercial shipping and cruise vessels, with their unparalleled access to the oceans, could give society far more extensive and valuable information about upper ocean and atmospheric conditions on a regular basis. But for this to happen, a new generation of ocean instrumentation needs to be developed that is optimized for completely automatic and unattended operation on such vessels. It also means working with the merchant marine community to develop guidelines and procedures for future cooperative efforts.

State-of-the-Art Techniques for Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis of Steel Gravity Structures

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Tajirian ◽  
Mansour Tabatabaie ◽  
Basilio Sumodobila ◽  
Stephen Paulson ◽  
Bill Davies
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Layered Soil ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Cyclonic Storm ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Moderate Seismicity

The design of steel jacket fixed offshore structures in zones of moderate seismicity is typically governed by Metocean loads. In contrast the steel gravity structure (SGS) presented in this paper, is a heavy and stiff structure. The large mass results in foundation forces from seismic events that may exceed those created by extreme cyclonic storm events. When computing the earthquake response of such structures it is essential to account for soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. Seismic SSI analysis of the SGS platform was performed using state-of-the-art SSI software, which analyzed a detailed three-dimensional model of the SGS supported on layered soil system. The results of this analysis were then compared with those using industry standard impedance methods whereby the layered soil is replaced by equivalent foundation springs (K) and damping (C). Differences in calculated results resulting from the different ways by which K and C are implemented in different software are presented. The base shear, overturning moment, critical member forces and maximum accelerations were compared for each of the analysis methods. SSI resulted in significant reduction in seismic demands. While it was possible to get reasonable alignment using the different standard industry analysis methods, this was only possible after calibrating the KC foundation model with software that rigorously implements SSI effects. Lessons learned and recommendations for the various methods of analysis are summarized in the paper.

The Three-Cornered Hat Method for Estimating Error Variances of Three or More Atmospheric Data Sets – Part II: Evaluating Radio Occultation and Radiosonde Observations, Global Model Forecasts, and Reanalyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Rieckh ◽  
Jeremiah P. Sjoberg ◽  
Richard A. Anthes
Keyword(s):  
Radio Occultation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Error Growth ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Error Statistics ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe apply the three-cornered hat (3CH) method to estimate refractivity, bending angle, and specific humidity error variances for a number of data sets widely used in research and/or operations: radiosondes, radio occultation (COSMIC, COSMIC-2), NCEP global forecasts, and nine reanalyses. We use a large number and combinations of data sets to obtain insights into the impact of the error correlations among different data sets that affect 3CH estimates. Error correlations may be caused by actual correlations of errors, representativeness differences, or imperfect co-location of the data sets. We show that the 3CH method discriminates among the data sets and how error statistics of observations compare to state-of-the-art reanalyses and forecasts, as well as reanalyses that do not assimilate satellite data. We explore results for October and November 2006 and 2019 over different latitudinal regions and show error growth of the NCEP forecasts with time. Because of the importance of tropospheric water vapor to weather and climate, we compare error estimates of refractivity for dry and moist atmospheric conditions.

Melanocytic Lesions of the Conjunctiva

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1785-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Zembowicz ◽  
Rajni V. Mandal ◽  
Pitipol Choopong
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Pathologic Features

Abstract Context—Melanocytic proliferations are among the most common neoplasms of the conjunctiva. They often represent challenging lesions for pathologists unfamiliar with unique histologic features of melanocytic proliferations in this location and with nomenclature used by ophthalmologists. Objective—To comprehensively review clinical aspects, pathologic features, and management of melanocytic proliferations of the conjunctiva. Data Sources—Review of the literature and personal experience of the authors. Conclusions—Classification, state of the art, and practical aspects of pathology of melanocytic proliferations of the conjunctiva are discussed.

scholarly journals Using a virtual machine environment for developing, testing, and training for the UM-UKCA composition-climate model, using Unified Model version 10.9 and above

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3647-3657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Luke Abraham ◽  
Alexander T. Archibald ◽  
Paul Cresswell ◽  
Sam Cusworth ◽  
Mohit Dalvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Machine ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Interactive Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
And Training

Abstract. The Met Office Unified Model (UM) is a state-of-the-art weather and climate model that is used operationally worldwide. UKCA is the chemistry and aerosol sub model of the UM that enables interactive composition and physical atmosphere interactions, but which adds an additional 120 000 lines of code to the model. Ensuring that the UM code and UM-UKCA (the UM running with interactive chemistry and aerosols) is well tested is thus essential. While a comprehensive test harness is in place at the Met Office and partner sites to aid in development, this is not available to many UM users. Recently, the Met Office have made available a virtual machine environment that can be used to run the UM on a desktop or laptop PC. Here we describe the development of a UM-UKCA configuration that is able to run within this virtual machine while only needing 6 GB of memory, before discussing the applications of this system for model development, testing, and training.

Ocean Conditions and the Intensification of three Major Atlantic Hurricanes in 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Domingues ◽  
Matthieu Le Hénaff ◽  
George Halliwell ◽  
Jun A. Zhang ◽  
Francis Bringas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Tropical North Atlantic ◽  
Ocean Conditions ◽  
Atlantic Hurricanes ◽  
Numerical Model Experiments ◽  
Ocean Observations

AbstractMajor Atlantic hurricanes Irma, Jose, and Maria of 2017 reached their peak intensity in September while traveling over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, where both atmospheric and ocean conditions were favorable for intensification. In-situ and satellite ocean observations revealed that conditions in these areas exhibited: (i) sea surface temperatures above 28°C; (ii) upper-ocean heat content above 60 kJ cm-2; and (iii) the presence of low-salinity barrier layers associated with a larger-than-usual extension of the Amazon and Orinoco riverine plumes. Proof-of-concept coupled ocean-hurricane numerical model experiments demonstrated that the accurate representation of such ocean conditions led to an improvement in the simulated intensity of Hurricane Maria for the 3 days preceding landfall in Puerto Rico, when compared to an experiment without the assimilation of ocean observations. Without the assimilation of ocean observations, upper-ocean thermal conditions were generally colder than observations, resulting in reduced air-sea enthalpy fluxes - enthalpy fluxes are more realistically simulated when the upper-ocean temperature and salinity structure is better represented in the model. Our results further showed that different components of the ocean observing system provide valuable information in support of improved TC simulations, and that assimilation of underwater glider observations alone provided the largest improvement of the total improvement over the 24-hour time frame before landfall. Our results therefore indicated that ocean conditions were relevant for more realistically simulating Hurricane Maria’s intensity. However, further research based on a comprehensive set of hurricane cases is required to confirm robust improvements to forecast systems.

A Framework for Information Systems Integration in Mobile Working Environments

2009 ◽  
pp. 729-755
Author(s):  
Javier García-Guzmán ◽  
María-Isabel Sánchez-Segura ◽  
Antonio de Amescua-Seco ◽  
Mariano Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Information Systems Integration ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Mobile Working

This chapter introduces a framework for designing, distributing, and managing mobile applications that uses and updates information coming from different data sources (databases and systems from different organizations) for helping mobile workers to perform their job. A summary of the state of the art in relation to mobile applications integration is presented. Then, the authors describe the appropriate organizational context for applying the integration framework proposed. Next, the framework components and how the framework is use are explained. Finally, the trials performed for testing the mobile applications architecture are discussed, presenting the main conclusions and future work. Furthermore, the authors hope that understanding the concepts related to the integration of mobile applications through the presentation of an integration framework will not only inform researchers of a better design for mobile application architectures, but also assist in the understanding of intricate relationships between the types of functionality required by this kind of systems.

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