scholarly journals Association Between the Health Locus of Control and Medication Adherence: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna-Maria E. Gerland ◽  
Tino Prell
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
The Impact

Background: Medication non-adherence is an important healthcare issue and a common problem. Many predictors of non-adherence have been found in different settings and cohorts.Objective: Evaluate the impact of the health locus of control (HLC) on unintentional/intentional non-adherence in primary care.Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, 188 patients (mean age 63.3 ± 14.9 years) were recruited from three primary care practices in Jena, Germany, over 4 months. The study assessed demographic data, self-reported adherence (German Stendal adherence to medication score, SAMS), HLC, and depression.Results: According to the SAMS total score, 44 (27.5%) were fully adherent, 93 (58.1%) were moderately non-adherent, and 23 (14.4%) were clinically significantly non-adherent. The most common reasons for non-adherence were forgetting to take the medication or lacking knowledge about the prescribed medication. Multiple linear regression revealed that adherence was good in people with external HLC and poor in internal HLC. In particular, intentional non-adherence was positively associated with internal HLC and negatively with fatalistic external HLC. Depression had a negative influence on both intentional and unintentional non-adherence.Conclusion: HLC is an independent predictor of medication non-adherence and is a promising target for interventions that enhance adherence.

scholarly journals The impact of general practitioners’ gender on process indicators in Hungarian primary healthcare: a nation-wide cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóra Kovács ◽  
Orsolya Varga ◽  
Attila Nagy ◽  
Anita Pálinkás ◽  
Valéria Sipos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Wide Cross ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe objectives of our study were (1) to investigate the association between gender of the general practitioner (GP) and the quality of primary care in Hungary with respect to process indicators for GP performance and (2) to assess the size of the gender impact.Study designA nation-wide cross-sectional study was performed in 2016.Setting and participantsThe study covered all general medical practices in Hungary (n=4575) responsible for the provision of primary healthcare (PHC) for adults. All GPs in their private practices are solo practitioners.Main outcome measuresMultilevel logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between GP gender and process indicators of PHC, and attributable proportion (AP) was calculated.Results48% of the GPs (n=2213) were women in the study. The crude rates of care provided by female GPs were significantly higher for seven out of eight evaluated indicators than those provided by male GPs. Adjusted for practice, physician and patient factors, GP gender was associated with the haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement: OR=1.18, 95% CI (1.14 to 1.23); serum creatinine measurement: OR=1.14, 95% CI (1.12 to 1.17); lipid measurement: OR=1.14, 95% CI (1.11 to 1.16); eye examination: OR=1.06, 95% CI (1.03 to 1.08); mammography screening: OR=1.05, 95% CI (1.03 to 1.08); management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: OR=1.05, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.09) and the composite indicator: OR=1.08, 95% CI (1.07 to 1.1), which summarises the number of care events and size of target populations of each indicator. The AP at the specific indicators varied from 0.97% (95% CI 0.49% to 1.44%) of influenza immunisation to 8.04% (95% CI 7.4% to 8.67%) of eye examinations.ConclusionFemale GP gender was an independent predictor of receiving higher quality of care. The actual size of the gender effect on the quality of services seemed to be notable. Factors behind the gender effect should receive more attention in quality improvement particularly in countries where the primary care is organised around solo practices.

Higher Level of Chicken Consumption Associated With Less Severe Venous Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Kulprachakarn ◽  
Prakaydao Abkom ◽  
Orapin Pongtam ◽  
Sakaewan Ounjaijean ◽  
Paweena Thongkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Severity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Severe Type

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various food intake in patients with varicose veins. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2012 through November 2014. Patients at the outpatient department 101 at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, who were older than > 18 years were invited to participate in this study. The severity of varicose veins was divided into 2 groups according to CEAP (clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathophysiological) classification: mild type of venous disease (C0-C2) and severe type of venous disease (C3-C6). Patients were interviewed about their demographic data and frequency of meat consumption for varicose veins using Vein Consult Program (VCP). A total of 558 eligible outpatients were recruited for the study. Most patients were female (78.9%) and aged >50 years (47.1%). Seventeen out of 558 patients were diagnosed with high severity of venous disease (3.0%). Remarkably, significantly higher body weight (73.8 ± 13.9 vs 58.4 ± 11.2 kg, P = .000) and body mass index (28.8 ± 4.4 vs 23.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2, P = .000) was found in patients with severe types of venous disease compared with the mild group. Unexpectedly, only chicken intake demonstrated the different association with varicose veins ( P = .022). Patients with severe venous disease showed lower frequency of chicken consumption. The results suggested an association of chicken consumption with a reduced chance of developing varicose veins.

Self-Stigma and adherence to medication in patients with psychotic disorders – cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s265-s265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vrbova ◽  
D. Kamaradova ◽  
K. Latalova ◽  
M. Ociskova ◽  
J. Prasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Adherence To Medication

IntroductionAdherence to treatment of mental disorders is one of the key factors influencing its success and, secondarily, the patients’ quality of life and social adaptation.AimsThe cross-sectional study of 90 outpatients diagnosed with psychotic disorders aimed at determining if there was a relationship between discontinuation of medication in the past, current adherence to treatment and self-stigma.MethodsThe assessment was made with the objective and subjective Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale, Drug Attitude Inventory, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale and demographic data.ResultsThe questionnaires were filled out by 79 patients, of whom 5 handed in incomplete questionnaires. Complete sets of data were obtained from 74 patients. The data analysis showed that the levels of self-stigma as assessed by the total ISMI scores was not statistically significantly correlated with most of the demographic factors (age, age of illness onset, gender, education, marital status, employment, duration of the illness, number of hospitalizations and antipsychotic dosage). However, there was a significant negative correlation with current adherence to treatment.ConclusionsAdherence to treatment is one of the most important prerequisites for successful therapy. Adherence may be enhanced through better motivation and education of patients on the necessity of adhering to treatment recommendations and the consequences of non-adherent behavior. Important factors in adherence also seem to be patients’ stigmatization and self-stigma. Adherence may be increased by promising self-stigma-reducing strategies performed by systematic psychoeducation of patients or as a part of psychotherapeutic counseling.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Diagnostic inertia in obesity and the impact on cardiovascular risk in primary care: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (636) ◽  
pp. e454-e459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian RJ Martínez-St John ◽  
Antonio Palazón-Bru ◽  
Vicente F Gil-Guillén ◽  
Armina Sepehri ◽  
Felipe Navarro-Cremades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on mental health as a preliminary procedure in primary care provision: A cross-sectional study using COVID-19 anxiety scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 5554
Author(s):  
Neeraja Meesala ◽  
GV D Harsha ◽  
Pradeep Kandikatla ◽  
PVenkata Karteekvarma ◽  
SandhyaR Nadakuditi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals What is the impact of primary care model type on specialist referral rates? A cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Liddy ◽  
Jatinderpreet Singh ◽  
Ryan Kelly ◽  
Simone Dahrouge ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Model Type ◽  
Referral Rates ◽  
Primary Care Model ◽  
Specialist Referral ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of occupational risk from COVID on GP supply in England: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miqdad Asaria ◽  
Rebecca Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Objectives: To identify the risk of general practitioner mortality from COVID and the impact of measures to mitigate this risk on the level and socioeconomic distribution of primary care provision in the English NHS Design: Cross sectional study Setting: All GP practices providing primary care under the NHS in England Participants: 45,858 GPs and 6,771 GP practices in the English NHS Main outcome measures: Numbers of high-risk GPs, high-risk single-handed GP practices, patients associated with these high-risk single-handed practices and the regional and socioeconomic distribution of each. Mortality rates from COVID by age, sex and ethnicity were used to attribute risk to GPs and the Index of Multiple Deprivation was used to determine socioeconomic distributions of the outcomes. Results: Of 45,858 GPs in our sample 3,632 (7.9%) were classified as high risk or very high risk. Of 6,771 GP practices in our sample 639 (9.4%) were identified as single-handed practices and of these 209 (32.7%) were run by a GP at high or very high risk. These 209 single-handed practices care for 710,043 patients. GPs at the highest levels of risk from COVID, and single-handed practices run by high-risk GPs were concentrated in the most deprived neighbourhoods in the country. London had the highest proportion of both GPs and single-handed GP practices at very high risk of COVID mortality with 1,160 patients per 100,000 population registered to these practices. Conclusions: A significant proportion of GPs working in England, particularly those serving patients in the most deprived neighbourhoods, are at high risk of dying from COVID. Many of these GPs run single-handed practices. These GPs are particularly concentrated in London. There is an opportunity to provide additional support to mitigate COVID risk for GPs, GP practices and their patients. Failure to do so will likely exacerbate existing health inequalities.

scholarly journals Association between health locus of control and perceived stress in college student during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahasty Ganjoo ◽  
Akram Farhadi ◽  
Reza Baghbani ◽  
Safieh Daneshi ◽  
Reza Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic as a global mental health crisis has affected everyone, including students. The present study aimed to determine and investigate the relationship between health locus of control and perceived stress in students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences (southern Iran) during the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods The present cross-sectional study examined 250 students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. We performed simple random sampling and utilized the demographic information form, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale (MHLCS) by Wallston, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by Cohen to collect data. We analyzed data using the SPSS, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the hierarchical regression model with an error level of 5%. Results The mean perceived stress was 30.74 ± 8.09, and 92.4% of the students had moderate and high stress levels. Among the components of the health locus of control, the internal health locus of control (IHLC) had the highest mean in students (27.55 ± 3.81). Furthermore, the internal health locus of control (R = − 0.30, P < 0.001) had a significant inverse relationship, with perceived stress and the chance health locus of control (CHLC) (R = 0.30, P < 0.001) had a significant direct relationship. In the final regression model, the health locus of control and all the variables predicted 22.7% of the perceived stress variation in students during the COVID-19 period. Conclusion The results indicated that the internal health locus of control was associated with a reduction of perceived stress, and the powerful others health locus of control (PHLC) was related to its increase in students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the uncertain future, in the present work, universities are suggested to design web-based educational interventions alongside the curriculum to further strengthen the internal health locus of control and thus help reduce their perceived stress.

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