Self-Stigma and adherence to medication in patients with psychotic disorders – cross-sectional study

IntroductionAdherence to treatment of mental disorders is one of the key factors influencing its success and, secondarily, the patients’ quality of life and social adaptation.AimsThe cross-sectional study of 90 outpatients diagnosed with psychotic disorders aimed at determining if there was a relationship between discontinuation of medication in the past, current adherence to treatment and self-stigma.MethodsThe assessment was made with the objective and subjective Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale, Drug Attitude Inventory, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale and demographic data.ResultsThe questionnaires were filled out by 79 patients, of whom 5 handed in incomplete questionnaires. Complete sets of data were obtained from 74 patients. The data analysis showed that the levels of self-stigma as assessed by the total ISMI scores was not statistically significantly correlated with most of the demographic factors (age, age of illness onset, gender, education, marital status, employment, duration of the illness, number of hospitalizations and antipsychotic dosage). However, there was a significant negative correlation with current adherence to treatment.ConclusionsAdherence to treatment is one of the most important prerequisites for successful therapy. Adherence may be enhanced through better motivation and education of patients on the necessity of adhering to treatment recommendations and the consequences of non-adherent behavior. Important factors in adherence also seem to be patients’ stigmatization and self-stigma. Adherence may be increased by promising self-stigma-reducing strategies performed by systematic psychoeducation of patients or as a part of psychotherapeutic counseling.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Treatment adherence among patients with hypertension: findings from a cross-sectional study

Clinical Hypertension ◽

10.1186/s40885-020-00151-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fahad M. Algabbani ◽

Aljoharah M. Algabbani

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adherence Rate ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Adherence To Medication

Abstract Background Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality globally. Patient’s adherence to treatment is a cornerstone factor in controlling hypertension and its complications. This study assesses hypertension patients’ adherence to treatment and its associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study targeted outpatients aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed with hypertension. Participants were recruited using a systemic sampling technique. The two main measurements were assessing adherence rate of antihypertensive medications using Morisky scale and identifying predictors of poor medication adherence among hypertensive patients including socio-economic and demographic data, health status, clinic visits, medication side effects, medications availability, and knowledge. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with poor adherence. Results A total of 306 hypertensive outpatients participated in this study. 42.2% of participants were adherent to antihypertensive medications. Almost half of participants (49%) who reported having no comorbidities were adherent to antihypertensive medications compared to participants with one or more than one comorbidities 41, 39% respectively. The presence of comorbid conditions and being on multiple medications were significantly associated with medication adherence (P-values, respectively, < 0.004, < 0.009). Patients with good knowledge about the disease and its complications were seven times more likely to have good adherence to medication (P < 0.001). Conclusions Non-adherence to medications is prevalent among a proportion of hypertensive patients which urges continuous monitoring to medication adherence with special attention to at risks groups of patients. Patients with comorbidities and on multiple medications were at high risk of medication non-adherence. Patients’ knowledge on the disease was one of the main associated factors with non-adherence.

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Association Between the Health Locus of Control and Medication Adherence: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.705202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Hanna-Maria E. Gerland ◽

Tino Prell

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Locus Of Control ◽

Health Locus Of Control ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adherence To Medication ◽

The Impact

Background: Medication non-adherence is an important healthcare issue and a common problem. Many predictors of non-adherence have been found in different settings and cohorts.Objective: Evaluate the impact of the health locus of control (HLC) on unintentional/intentional non-adherence in primary care.Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, 188 patients (mean age 63.3 ± 14.9 years) were recruited from three primary care practices in Jena, Germany, over 4 months. The study assessed demographic data, self-reported adherence (German Stendal adherence to medication score, SAMS), HLC, and depression.Results: According to the SAMS total score, 44 (27.5%) were fully adherent, 93 (58.1%) were moderately non-adherent, and 23 (14.4%) were clinically significantly non-adherent. The most common reasons for non-adherence were forgetting to take the medication or lacking knowledge about the prescribed medication. Multiple linear regression revealed that adherence was good in people with external HLC and poor in internal HLC. In particular, intentional non-adherence was positively associated with internal HLC and negatively with fatalistic external HLC. Depression had a negative influence on both intentional and unintentional non-adherence.Conclusion: HLC is an independent predictor of medication non-adherence and is a promising target for interventions that enhance adherence.

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Hope and its dimensions in relation to clinical recovery: A cross-sectional study among people with psychotic disorders.

Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.1037/prj0000340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Anczewska ◽

Jacek Wciórka ◽

Paweł Grygiel ◽

Izabela Nowak ◽

Janina Sonik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Recovery

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Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Hashim A. Mahdi ◽

Hamza M. Assaggaf ◽

Mohammad Alfelali ◽

Omar B. Ahmed ◽

Radi Alsafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Graduate Education ◽

Formal Education ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

This study aimed to assess hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices of visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Using a self-administered electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among domestic residents, who visited the mosque between 31 July and 3 August 2020. Participants’ demographic data, hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices were collected. Four hundred participants aged 18–65 (median 36) years completed the survey, of which 215 (53.8%) were female. The visitors’ mean knowledge score about hand hygiene was 6.4 (± standard deviation (SD) 1.35) of total 12. Most participants (392, 98%) were aware of the role of hand hygiene in preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); nevertheless, 384 (96%) said hand hygiene lowers body immunity and 316 (79%) thought <60% alcohol is sufficient for hand disinfection. Males had a higher knowledge score than females (6.46 (±1.41) vs. 6.14 (±1.27), p = 0.02) and, visitors who had no formal education scored higher than those with post-graduate education (6.88 (±1.45) vs 5.73 (±1.12), p = 0.01). Washing hands with soap and water was the predominant method practiced after a meal (365, 91.7%), after toilet visit (354, 88.5%), after touching a surface (262, 65.7%), after waste disposal (332, 83.2%), and when hands were visibly dirty (357, 89.5%). Al Madinah visitors had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene, but demonstrated some knowledge gaps and negligence in practice that are crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19.

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Relationship Pattern of Personality Disorder Traits in Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717621999537 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 025371762199953

Author(s):

Bhavneesh Saini ◽

Pir Dutt Bansal ◽

Mamta Bahetra ◽

Arvind Sharma ◽

Priyanka Bansal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neurotic Disorders

Background: Normal personality development, gone awry due to genetic or environmental factors, results in personality disorders (PD). These often coexist with other psychiatric disorders, affecting their outcome adversely. Considering the heterogeneity of data, more research is warranted. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on personality traits in psychiatric patients of a tertiary hospital, over 1 year. Five hundred and twenty-five subjects, aged 18–45 years, with substance, psychotic, mood, or neurotic disorders were selected by convenience sampling. They were evaluated for illness-related variables using psychiatric pro forma; diagnostic confirmation and severity assessment were done using ICD-10 criteria and suitable scales. Personality assessment was done using the International Personality Disorder Examination after achieving remission. Results: Prevalence of PD traits and PDs was 56.3% and 4.2%, respectively. While mood disorders were the diagnostic group with the highest prevalence of PD traits, it was neurotic disorders for PDs. Patients with PD traits had a past psychiatric history and upper middle socioeconomic status (SES); patients with PDs were urban and unmarried. Both had a lower age of onset of psychiatric illness. Psychotic patients with PD traits had higher and lower PANSS positive and negative scores, respectively. The severity of personality pathology was highest for mixed cluster and among neurotic patients. Clusterwise prevalence was cluster C > B > mixed > A (47.1%, 25.2%, 16.7%, and 11.4%). Among subtypes, anankastic (18.1%) and mixed (16.7%) had the highest prevalence. Those in the cluster A group were the least educated and with lower SES than others. Conclusions: PD traits were present among 56.3% of the patients, and they had many significant sociodemographic and illness-related differences from those without PD traits. Cluster C had the highest prevalence. Among patients with psychotic disorders, those with PD traits had higher severity of psychotic symptoms.

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Parathyroid Hormone in Pregnancy: Vitamin D and Other Determinants

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Ola Hysaj ◽

Patricia Marqués-Gallego ◽

Aline Richard ◽

Magdeldin Elgizouli ◽

Alexandra Nieters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽

Maximal Suppression

We aimed to assess the parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration in pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy (1st trimester) and within days before delivery (3rd trimester) and evaluate its determinants. From September 2014 through December 2015 in a cross-sectional study, 204 women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and 203 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Blood samples were collected to measure PTH and circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Lifestyle and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were inversely correlated in both early and late pregnancy. Our analyses suggest that in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, a 25(OH)D level of 18.9 ng/mL (47.3 nmol/L) could serve as an inflection point for the maximal suppression of PTH. Statistically significant determinants of PTH concentrations in multiple regression were 25(OH)D concentrations, season, multiparity and education of the partner (all p < 0.05) in early pregnancy. In late pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations and country of origin were statistically significant determinants of PTH concentrations (all p < 0.05). These factors and their effect on PTH appear to be vastly determined by 25(OH)D; however, they might also affect PTH through other mechanisms besides 25(OH)D.

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Compliance and Adherence to Treatment in Hypertensive Patients in different Tertiary Care Hospitals in Lahore

10.53350/pjmhs211581858 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1858-1860

Author(s):

Junaid Mushtaq ◽

Israr-Ul- Haq ◽

Waqas Mahmood ◽

Mujtaba H. Siddiqui ◽

Atiq Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Hospital Doctors ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals

Aim: To determine the factors that affect compliance and adherence to medications of hypertensive patients visiting OPD clinics. Study design: Descriptive-cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Unit 1, Lahore General Hospital, Doctors Hospital & Medical Center and Farooq Hospital Lahore from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Methodology: One hundred and sixty five patients with hypertension were handed over questionnaire socio-demographic, compliance and adherence were recorded. Results: Patients who maintained BP charting were only 13(7.9%) and those without BP charting were 152(92.1%). Patients taking regular medications were only 20(12.1%). Forgetfulness in taking medications was found in 47.3% of patients. 20.6% of patients were unable to purchase medicines because of financial reasons. Thirty two patients (19.4%) thought that they should not take medicines as they were not having any symptoms. Conclusion: Major causes of non-adherence were expense of medications, lack of symptoms, lack of money, forgetfulness, lack of awareness due to poor educational status and nature of job. Keywords: Compliance, Adherence, Medications, Hypertension, Forgetfulness

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Incentives and barriers to HIV testing in men who have sex with men in a metropolitan area in Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00049015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Valéria Freire Gonçalves ◽

Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo Kerr ◽

Rosa Salani Mota ◽

Raimunda Hermelinda Maia Macena ◽

Rosa Lívia de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Low Income ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Respondent Driven Sampling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Personal Network ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract: This study aimed to identify incentives and barriers to HIV testing in men who have sex with men (MSM). This was a cross-sectional study of MSM who had lived at least three months in greater metropolitan Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, 2010. The study recruited 391 men ≥ 18 years of age who reported sexual relations with men in the previous six months, using Respondent Driven Sampling. Personal network and socio-demographic data were collected and HIV testing was offered, analyzed with RDSAT 6.0 and Stata 11.0. The majority were young (40.3%), had 5 to 11 years of schooling (57.3%), were single (85.1%), had low income (37.6%), and 58.1% had tested for HIV some time in life. Incentive to test: certainty of not being infected (34.1%) and the exposure to national campaign Fique Sabendo [Know your Status] (34%). Barriers: trust in partner(s) (21%) and fear of discrimination if tested positive (20.3%). Policies should be developed to ensure test confidentiality and communication campaigns focusing on information gaps and encouragement for testing.

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Who wants more social contacts? A cross-sectional study of people with psychotic disorders in England

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.047 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 240 ◽

pp. 46-51

Author(s):

Helena Tee ◽

Agnes Chevalier ◽

Martin Webber ◽

Penny Xanthopoulou ◽

Stefan Priebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Contacts

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A study of the knowledge and attitude of physicians in the first aid management of epistaxis in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20194560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1457

Author(s):

Abdullah Musleh ◽

Sarah Ali AlShehri ◽

Anas Mohammed AlShehri ◽

Sultan Khalid Kadasah ◽

Mohammed Sharaf Alshahrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Total Sample ◽

First Aid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nasolacrimal Duct ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Common ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Epistaxis is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose. It is usually noticed when blood drains out through the nostrils. There are two types: anterior (the most common), and posterior (less common, more likely to require medical attention). Sometimes in more severe cases, the blood can come up the nasolacrimal duct and out from the eye. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in main five hospitals in Aseer region targeting residents dealing with emergency room (ER) cases during the period from 1st July to 31st July, 2018. Data were collected using a pre-structured written questionnaire by the researchers. The questionnaire composed of three parts. First part was for residents’ demographic data. Second part considered epistaxis cases rate and treatment. Third part covered 10 questions for knowledge regarding epistaxis. Results: A total sample of 165 residents was involved with ages ranged from 27 years to 32 years old and 65.5% of the sampled residents were males. Exact of 47.3% of the residents were ER residents and 24.2% were general practitioners (GPs). Conclusions: Nearly one out of each four residents had good awareness level regarding epistaxis especially GPs and ER residents. Position of patients with epistaxis and sites of epistaxis were the only items well known by residents.

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