scholarly journals Chest Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: The Complementary Role of Thoraci Ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Rea ◽  
Marco Sperandeo ◽  
Roberta Lieto ◽  
Marialuisa Bocchino ◽  
Carla Maria Irene Quarato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Anterior Chest Wall ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Pleural Plaques

Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe infectious disease that still represents a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. For these reasons, clinicians and radiologists should use all the available diagnostic tools in the assessment of the disease in order to provide precise indications about starting an anti-tubercular treatment and reduce risk of TB transmission and complications especially in developing countries where the disease is still endemic. As TB mycobacteria are mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, the pulmonary parenchyma is usually the first site of infection. As a result, chest imaging plays a central role in the diagnostic process. Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a portable, non-invasive, radiation-free, and cost-contained technology which could be easily available in resource-limited settings. This perspective article focuses on the potential role of TUS in the diagnosis and management of patients with pulmonary TB. Unfortunately, there are still insufficient evidence and too contrasting data to judge TUS as an appropriate diagnostic method for the screening of the disease. Despite this, TUS may have a useful role in identifying pleural and anterior pericardial effusions or in the identification of abscesses of the anterior chest wall and paraspinal collections in low- and middle-income settings. In addition, TUS seems to have a milestone role in guiding minimally invasive interventional procedures, such as placement of chest tubes, drainage of loculated collections, thoracentesis and pericardiocentesis, and percutaneous biopsy of subpleural pulmonary consolidations or pleural plaques.

scholarly journals Blood Aspergillus PCR: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Jeffrey D. Jenks ◽  
Martin Hoenigl ◽  
Juergen Prattes
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Invasive Fungal Diseases ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Additional Value

Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is one of the most common invasive fungal diseases and is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. In order to maximize patient outcomes and survival, early and rapid diagnosis has been shown to be pivotal. Hence, diagnostic tools aiding and improving the diagnostic process are ambitiously searched for. In this context, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may represent a potential candidate. Its additional value and benefits in diagnosis have been demonstrated and are scientifically established. Nevertheless, standardized and widespread usage is sparse because several factors influence diagnostic quality and need to be considered in order to optimize diagnostic performance and outcome. In the following review, the current role of PCR in the diagnosis of IA is explored, with special focus on the strengths and limitations of PCR in different settings.

Inflammation in Complicated Pregnancy and Its Outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 1337-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kalagiri ◽  
Timothy Carder ◽  
Saiara Choudhury ◽  
Niraj Vora ◽  
Amie Ballard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Background Normal pregnancy relies on a careful balance between immune tolerance and suppression. It is known that strict regulation of maternal immune function, in addition to components of inflammation, is paramount to successful pregnancy, and any imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can lead to aberrant inflammation, often seen in complicated pregnancies. Inflammation in complicated pregnancies is directly associated with increased mortality and morbidity of the mother and offspring. Aberrant inflammatory reactions in complicated pregnancies often lead to adverse outcomes, such as spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal demise. The role of inflammation in different stages of normal pregnancy is reviewed, compared, and contrasted with aberrant inflammation in complicated pregnancies. The complications addressed are preterm labor, pregnancy loss, infection, preeclampsia, maternal obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. Aim This article examines the role of various inflammatory factors contributing to aberrant inflammation in complicated pregnancies. By understanding the aberrant inflammatory process in complicated pregnancies, novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for modulating it appropriately can be identified.

scholarly journals Praecox-Gefühl in Classical and Modern Researches

Psychiatry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. D. Gornushenkov ◽  
I. V. Pluzhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Doctor Patient Relationship ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Intersubjective Experience

Background: The introduction of modern classifications of mental disorders has caused a number of significant changes in the diagnostic process. Recently, both domestic and foreign authors began to pay more attention to the analysis of the “weaknesses” of the operational approach in the diagnosis of mental disorders. One of the “lacunae” that arose due to its distribution, which is hardly discussed in modern classifications, is the problems of the role of intersubjective experience in the doctor–patient relationship and the diagnostic process. The diagnostic technique based on the Praecox-Gefühl phenomenon is one of the most striking examples of the utility of such an experience.The aim was to present and discuss modern and classic Praecox-Gefühl studies in the context of analyzing the role of intersubjective experience in psychiatric diagnosis.Material and method: Modern and classic scientific publications were selected by using the keywords “Praecox-Gefühl” or “Praecox-feeling” in the databases of Web of Science, PubMed and in the other sources.Conclusion: the professional use of intersubjective experience arising in a doctor–patient relationship can be one of the diagnostic tools for identifying schizophrenia, including the early stages of the disease. Modern psychological studies indirectly confirm this statement by revealing an impairment of functions that provide interpersonal communication among patients with schizophrenia.

The emerging role of percutaneous biopsy in diagnosis and management of small renal masses

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley A. Yap ◽  
Oleksandr Stakhovskyi ◽  
Antonio Finelli
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Small Renal Masses ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

scholarly journals Enterovesical Fistula: A Serious Complication of Crohn Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef Mejri ◽  
Badreddine Aloui ◽  
Khaoula Arfaoui
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Ileal Loop ◽  
Enterovesical Fistula ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Due to the anatomical proximity of the last ileal loop and the bladder, Crohn’s disease can affect the urinary tract by the formation of an Enterovesical Fistula (EVF). Although rare, it represents a complication with a potential impact on the patient’s quality of life and it is often difficult to manage. In addition to the Computed Tomographic (CT) findings, several other examinations can contribute to the diagnosis of EVF, which calls for adequate management based on disconnection of the digestive tract from the bladder and maintenance of medical treatment. Despite therapeutic advances in the context of Crohn’s disease, the EVF remains a surgical indication. The present case reported is of a successfully managed EVF which was revealed by fecaluria aiming to emphasise the clinical aspects and various diagnostic tools with a special mention of the key role of medical imaging in the diagnostic process and the surgical management.

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome: Challenge for Periodontal Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Lamichhane ◽  
Shaili Pradhan ◽  
Ranjita Shreshta Gorkhali ◽  
Pramod Kumar Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Rare Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Periodontal Destruction ◽  
Palmoplantar Keratosis

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with rapidly progressing periodontitis leading to premature loss of deciduous and permanent dentition and diffuse palmoplantar keratosis. Immunologic alterations, genetic mutations, and role of bacteria are some aetiologic factors. Patients present with early periodontal destruction, so periodontists play a significant role in diagnosis and management. This paper reports a case of Papillon- Lefevre syndrome with its clinical manifestations and challenges for periodontal management which was diagnosed in dental department.

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