Cropping systems modulate the rate and magnitude of soil microbial autotrophic CO2 fixation in soil

Long-term organic farming aims to reduce synthetic fertilizer and pesticide use in order to sustainably produce and improve soil quality. To do this, there is a need for more information about the soil microbial community, which plays a key role in a sustainable agriculture. In this paper, we assessed the long-term effects of two organic and one conventional cropping systems on the soil microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing analysis, as well as the link between these communities and the changes in the soil properties and crop yield. The results showed that the crop yield was similar among the three cropping systems. The microbial community changed according to cropping system. Organic cultivation with manure compost and compost tea (Org_C) showed a change in the bacterial community associated with an improved soil carbon and nutrient content. A linear discriminant analysis effect size showed different bacteria and fungi as key microorganisms for each of the three different cropping systems, for conventional systems (Conv), different microorganisms such as Nesterenkonia, Galbibacter, Gramella, Limnobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pantoe, and Sporobolomyces were associated with pesticides, while for Org_C and organic cultivation with manure (Org_M), other types of microorganisms were associated with organic amendments with different functions, which, in some cases, reduce soil borne pathogens. However, further investigations such as functional approaches or network analyses are need to better understand the mechanisms behind this behavior.

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Soil microbial biomass and function are altered by 12 years of crop rotation

10.5194/soil-2016-39 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marshall D. McDaniel ◽

A. Stuart Grandy

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Growing Season ◽

Plant Biodiversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Catabolic Potential ◽

And Function

Abstract. Agriculture-driven declines in plant biodiversity reduce soil microbial biomass, alter microbial functions, and threaten the provisioning of soil ecosystem services. We examined whether increasing temporal plant biodiversity (by rotating crops) can partially reverse these trends and enhance microbial biomass and function. We quantified seasonal patterns in soil microbial biomass, respiration rates, extracellular enzyme activity, and catabolic potential three times over one growing season in a 12-year crop rotation study at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station LTER. Rotation treatments varied from one to five crops in a three-year rotation cycle, but all soils were sampled under corn to isolate historical rotation effects from current crop effects. Inorganic N, the stoichiometry of microbial biomass and dissolved organic C and N varied seasonally, likely reflecting fluctuations in soil resources during the growing season. Soils from biodiverse cropping systems increased microbial biomass C by 28–112 % and N by 18–58 % compared to monoculture corn. Rotations increased potential C mineralization by as much as 64 %, and potential N mineralization by 62 %, and both were related to substantially higher hydrolase and lower oxidase enzyme activities. The catabolic potential of the microbial community, assessed with community-level physiological profiling, showed that microbial communities in monoculture corn preferentially used simple substrates like carboxylic acids, relative to more diverse cropping systems. By isolating plant biodiversity from differences in fertilization and tillage, our study illustrates that crop biodiversity has overarching effects on soil microbial biomass and function that last throughout the growing season. In simplified agricultural systems, relatively small increases in plant biodiversity have a large impact on microbial community size and function.

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Continuous monocropping highly affect the composition and diversity of microbial communities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha49412532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 12532

Author(s):

Ali I. MALLANO ◽

Xianli ZHAO ◽

Yanling SUN ◽

Guangpin JIANG ◽

Huang CHAO

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Management Practices ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Soil Microbial

Continuous cropping systems are the leading cause of decreased soil biological environments in terms of unstable microbial population and diversity index. Nonetheless, their responses to consecutive peanut monocropping cycles have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the structure and abundance of microbial communities were characterized using pyrosequencing-based approach in peanut monocropping cycles for three consecutive years. The results showed that continuous peanut cultivation led to a substantial decrease in soil microbial abundance and diversity from initial cropping cycle (T1) to later cropping cycle (T3). Peanut rhizosphere soil had Actinobacteria, Protobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes as the major bacterial phyla. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota were the major fungal phylum, while Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were the most dominant phyla of archaea. Several bacterial, fungal and archaeal taxa were significantly changed in abundance under continuous peanut cultivation. Bacterial orders, Actinomycetales, Rhodospirillales and Sphingomonadales showed decreasing trends from T1>T2>T3. While, pathogenic fungi Phoma was increased and beneficial fungal taxa Glomeraceae decreased under continuous monocropping. Moreover, Archaeal order Nitrososphaerales observed less abundant in first two cycles (T1&T2), however, it increased in third cycle (T3), whereas, Thermoplasmata exhibit decreased trends throughout consecutive monocropping. Taken together, we have shown the taxonomic profiles of peanut rhizosphere communities that were affected by continuous peanut monocropping. The results obtained from this study pave ways towards a better understanding of the peanut rhizosphere soil microbial communities in response to continuous cropping cycles, which could be used as bioindicator to monitor soil quality, plant health and land management practices.

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Soil microbial communities as potential regulators of in situ N2O fluxes in annual and perennial cropping systems

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 262-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

K.A. Thompson ◽

E. Bent ◽

D. Abalos ◽

C. Wagner-Riddle ◽

K.E. Dunfield

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

N2o Fluxes

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The Calvin cycle enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase of Xanthobacter flavus required for autotrophic CO2 fixation is not encoded by the cbb operon.

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.176.19.6120-6126.1994 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 176 (19) ◽

pp. 6120-6126 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

W G Meijer

Keyword(s):

Co2 Fixation ◽

Calvin Cycle ◽

Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽

Autotrophic Co2 Fixation ◽

Cycle Enzyme ◽

Xanthobacter Flavus

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Soil microbiota effects on rye growth: implications for integration of a rye cover crop into temperate cropping systems

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1079/raf2005147 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 245-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jason L. De Bruin ◽

Nicholas R. Jordan ◽

Paul M. Porter ◽

Sheri C. Huerd

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Microbial Populations ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Soil Microbiota ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Final Harvest

AbstractIntegration of rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops into the corn (Zea mays L.) soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation of the upper Midwest USA can provide many agronomic and agroecological benefits. Integration is made difficult by short growing seasons, but may be facilitated by management of key agroecological interactions such as those between rye and soil microbiota. Rye growth was measured and colonization by arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was determined in greenhouse experiments using soils from seven different management systems from a long-term cropping-systems experiment in southwest Minnesota. Microbial effects on rye growth were not evident before vernalization, but at final harvest (4 weeks after vernalization) soil microbial populations reduced rye shoot and root growth, relative to a pasteurized control inoculum. At final harvest, shoot biomass in 2-year rotations was 17% greater than 4-year rotations, indicating that microbial populations selected for by 4-year rotations may be more deleterious or pathogenic than those selected for by 2-year rotations. Growth of three rye cultivars was examined in all inocula; cultivars differed in their mean response to soil microbiota and their ability to host AMF. These findings suggest that management factors affect interactions between rye and soil microbiota resulting in altered rye growth.

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