scholarly journals Exploring the Potential of CRISPR-Cas9 Under Challenging Conditions: Facing High-Copy Plasmids and Counteracting Beta-Lactam Resistance in Clinical Strains of Enterobacteriaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaysa Leite Tagliaferri ◽  
Natália Rocha Guimarães ◽  
Marcella de Paula Martins Pereira ◽  
Liza Figueiredo Felicori Vilela ◽  
Hans-Peter Horz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Clinical Strains

Morphologic alterations in bacteroides fragilis following single and combinant beta-lactam exposure

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
Michael P. Goheen ◽  
Charles E. Edmiston
Keyword(s):  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Drug Activity ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Morphologic Changes

The synergistic activity of antimicrobial combinants against aerobic and facultative microorganisms has been well documented. in comparison, few studies have been performed using obligate anaerobic isolates and antimicrobial combinants. For this study clinical strains of Bacteroides fragilis(BF) were selected to investigate both single/combinant drug activity and cellular morphologic changes when BF is exposed to Imipenem (I), Piperacillin (P), Cefpimizole (C), Imipenem/Piperacillin (I+P), and Imipenem/Cefpimizole (I+C).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the presence of AmpC (FOX) beta-lactamase gene in clinical strains of Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients in Tabriz, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Zahra SADEGHI DEYLAMDEH ◽  
Abolfazl JAFARI SALES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Lactamase Gene

Beta-lactamases are the most common cause of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. AmpC-type beta-lactamases hydrolyze cephalosporins, penicillins, and cephamycins. Therefore, the study aims was to determine antibiotic resistance and to investigate the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase gene in clinical strains of Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients in Tabriz. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 289 E. coli specimens were collected from clinical specimens. Disk diffusion method and combined disk method were used to determine the phenotype of extended spectrum β-Lactamase producing (ESBLs) strains. Then PCR was used to evaluate the presence of AmpC (FOX) beta-lactamase gene in the strains confirmed in phenotypic tests. Antibiotic resistance was also determined using disk diffusion by the Kibry-Bauer method. A total of 121 isolates were identified as generators of beta-lactamase genes. 72 (59.5 %) isolates producing ESBL and 49 (40.5 %) isolates were identified as AmpC generators. In the PCR test, 31 isolates contained the FOX gene. The highest resistance was related to the antibiotics amoxicillin (76.12%), ceftazidime (70.24%) and nalidixic acid (65.05%). The results indicate an increase in the prevalence of beta-lactamase genes and increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which can be the result of improper use of antibiotics and not using antibiotic susceptibility tests before starting treatment. Also, using phenotypic and molecular diagnostic methods such as PCR together can be very useful.

The research of the susceptibility to antimicrobial medicines of Acinetobacter baumannii as pathogens of infectious complications in patients with hard burns

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
V.I. Nahaichuk ◽  
O.A. Nazarchuk ◽  
N.I. Osadchuk ◽  
D.V. Palyi ◽  
H.H. Nazarchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii has become yet recognized one of the most leading causative pathogens of infectious complications in patients with severe burns. This greatly complicates the treatment of such patients and requires in-depth study with a prognostic determination of the dynamics of antimicrobial efficacy of antibacterial agents. The aim — to study the susceptibility to antibiotics in clinical isolates of A. baumannii, pathogens of infectious complications in patients with hard burns. From patients (n=435) with burns of the 2ndb – 3rd degree, isolates of A.baumannii were received in early period after burn trauma before antibiotic therapy. Patients who participated in the study received standard surgical, complex general and local treatment in the required volume according to the protocols for the treatment of this disease. In total, 222 clinical strains of A.baumannii were isolated and identified during 2011–2016. The susceptibility of clinical strains A.baumannii to the following beta-lactam antibiotics: ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, meropenem, was determined by standard microbiological methods (qualitative disco-diffusion and quantitative double dilution methods). Using statistical methods, mathematical and analytical prognosis of the real sensitivity of A. baumannii strains to these antibiotics with the use of licensed computer programs “STATISTICA 7” was carried out; “Matlab 7.11”. The results of the study demonstrated a low susceptibility of clinical strains of A.baumannii to the studied beta-lactam antibiotics. The change in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of A.baumannii in 2011–2016 was established. Thus, the vast majority of strains were of low susceptibility to cefoperazone-sulbactam (55,6%), imipenem (57,1%) and meropenem (52,8%). In the dynamics, the prognostic decrease of the sensitivity in clinical isolates of Acinetobacteria to the antibiotics has been proved. The susceptibility of A.baumannii to amoxicillin-clavulanate was consistently low (less than 13,3%), and significantly decreased to cefoperazone–sulbactam (25,0%). The resistance of this pathogen to imipenem (up to 75,0%), meropenem (up to 84,3%) has been established to increase. At the same time, the gradual restoration of the susceptibility of A.baumannii to ampicillin–sulbactam (from 3,4% to 70,2%) was determined. The A.baumannii, pathogens of infectious complications in patients with burns, were characterized by a decrease in sensitivity to inhibitor-protected penicillins, carbapenems except ampicillin–sulbactam, that proved their low effectiveness against this pathogen.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli from Foods of Animal Origin and Human Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Alegría ◽  
Marta Arias-Temprano ◽  
Isabel Fernández-Natal ◽  
Jose M. Rodríguez-Calleja ◽  
María-Luisa García-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Important Health

Dissemination of enterobacteria that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) throughout the food chain has become an important health concern. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria in foods of animal origin and to investigate the similarities between food and human isolates. The presence of beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was analyzed in 108 food samples, isolating 10 strains of Escherichia coli, one strain of Citrobacter freundi, and one of Hafnia alvei. E. coli isolates were compared to a group of 15 strains isolated from human patients by antibiotic susceptibility testing, characterization of ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX,), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Nineteen (14 clinical and five food) isolates carried blaCTX, 14 (six clinical and eight food) carried blaTEM, and three (one clinical and two food) carried blaSHV gen. MLST analysis revealed the prevalence of ST131 among the clinical strains, which grouped together in a PFGE cluster. Food isolates showed higher diversity and two of them (ST57) grouped with clinical strains, whereas another two belonged to clonal groups with virulence potential (ST59). In conclusion, the results showed that foods of animal origin must be regarded as a reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria of clinical relevance, which might spread through the food chain.

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Shawnm Ahmed Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Antibiotic resistance has become a major world health challenge and has limited the ability of physician's treatment. Staphylococcus aureus the most notorious pathogens causes morbidity and mortality especially in burn patients. However, Staphylococcus aureus rapidly acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic remains a drug of choice for treatment of severe Methicillin Resistance S. aureus infections. This study aimed to detect the emergence of beta-lactam and glycopeptide resistance genes. 50 clinical specimens of S. aureus collected from burn patients in burn and plastic surgery units in Sulaimani-Iraq city. All specimens were confirmed to be positive for S. aureus. All the isolates were assessed for their susceptibility to different antibiotics depending on NCCL standards, followed by Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase detection by double disk diffusion synergy test. The production of β- lactamases was evaluated in the isolated strains by several routine methods and polymerase chain reaction. Among the isolates 94% were Methicillin resistance and 34.28% were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producer. PCR based molecular technique was done for the bla genes related to β- lactamase enzymes by the specific primers, as well as genes which related to reduced sensitivity to Vancomycin were detected. The results indicated that all isolated showed the PBP1, PBP2, PBP3, PBP4, trfA and trfB, graSR, vraS except the vraR gene and the prolonged therapy of Methicillin resistance infection with teicoplanin have been associated with progress of resistance and the rise of tecoplanin resistance may be a prologue to evolving Vancomycin resistance. In conclusion, beta-lactam over taking can rise Vancomycin- Intermediate S. aureus strains leading to appearance of Vancomycin resistance although the treatment of Vancomycin resistant infections is challenging.

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