Metaproteomics Reveals Similar Vertical Distribution of Microbial Transport Proteins in Particulate Organic Matter Throughout the Water Column in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Solubilized particulate organic matter (POM) rather than dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been speculated to be the major carbon and energy sources for heterotrophic prokaryotes in the ocean. However, the direct evidence is still lack. Here we characterized microbial transport proteins of POM collected from both euphotic (75 m, deep chlorophyll maximum DCM, and 100 m) and upper-twilight (200 m and 500 m) zones in three contrasting environments in the northwest Pacific Ocean using a metaproteomic approach. The proportion of transport proteins was relatively high at the bottom of the euphotic zone (200 m), indicating that this layer was the most active area of microbe-driven POM remineralization in the water column. In the upper-twilight zone, the predicted substrates of the identified transporters indicated that amino acids, carbohydrates, taurine, inorganic nutrients, urea, biopolymers, and cobalamin were essential substrates for the microbial community. SAR11, Rhodobacterales, Alteromonadales, and Enterobacteriales were the key contributors with the highest expression of transporters. Interestingly, both the taxonomy and function of the microbial communities varied among water layers and sites with different environments; however, the distribution of transporter types and their relevant organic substrates were similar among samples, suggesting that microbial communities took up similar compounds and were functionally redundant in organic matter utilization throughout the water column. The similar vertical distribution of transport proteins from the euphotic zone to the upper twilight zone among the contrasting environments indicated that solubilized POM rather than DOM was the preferable carbon and energy sources for the microbial communities.

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Organic matter processing by microbial communities throughout the Atlantic water column as revealed by metaproteomics

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1708779115 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 115 (3) ◽

pp. E400-E408 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Kristin Bergauer ◽

Antonio Fernandez-Guerra ◽

Juan A. L. Garcia ◽

Richard R. Sprenger ◽

Ramunas Stepanauskas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Water Column ◽

Compatible Solutes ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Euphotic Zone ◽

Atlantic Water ◽

Phylogenetic Composition ◽

Solute Transporters

The phylogenetic composition of the heterotrophic microbial community is depth stratified in the oceanic water column down to abyssopelagic layers. In the layers below the euphotic zone, it has been suggested that heterotrophic microbes rely largely on solubilized particulate organic matter as a carbon and energy source rather than on dissolved organic matter. To decipher whether changes in the phylogenetic composition with depth are reflected in changes in the bacterial and archaeal transporter proteins, we generated an extensive metaproteomic and metagenomic dataset of microbial communities collected from 100- to 5,000-m depth in the Atlantic Ocean. By identifying which compounds of the organic matter pool are absorbed, transported, and incorporated into microbial cells, intriguing insights into organic matter transformation in the deep ocean emerged. On average, solute transporters accounted for 23% of identified protein sequences in the lower euphotic and ∼39% in the bathypelagic layer, indicating the central role of heterotrophy in the dark ocean. In the bathypelagic layer, substrate affinities of expressed transporters suggest that, in addition to amino acids, peptides and carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and compatible solutes may be essential substrates for the microbial community. Key players with highest expression of solute transporters were Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria, accounting for 40%, 11%, and 10%, respectively, of relative protein abundances. The in situ expression of solute transporters indicates that the heterotrophic prokaryotic community is geared toward the utilization of similar organic compounds throughout the water column, with yet higher abundances of transporters targeting aromatic compounds in the bathypelagic realm.

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Aerosol iron and aluminum solubility in the northwest Pacific Ocean: Results from the 2002 IOC cruise

Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems ◽

10.1029/2005gc000977 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Clifton S. Buck ◽

William M. Landing ◽

Joseph A. Resing ◽

Geoffrey T. Lebon

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Northwest Pacific ◽

Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽

The Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽

Aluminum Solubility

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Design of Wave Glider Optimal Parameters Suitable for the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the North Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9040408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 408

Author(s):

Xi Chen ◽

Mei Hong ◽

Shiqi Wu ◽

Kefeng Liu ◽

Kefeng Mao

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

North Indian Ocean ◽

Northwest Pacific ◽

Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽

The North ◽

Wave Element ◽

Wave Glider ◽

The Northwest Pacific Ocean

To study the optimal design of Wave Glider parameters in the wave environment of the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the North Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea, the average velocity of a Wave Glider was taken as the evaluation criterion. Wave reanalysis data from ERA5 were used to classify the mean wave height and period into five types by the K-means clustering method. In addition, a dynamic model was used to simulate the influence of umbilical length, airfoil, and maximum limited angle on the velocity of the Wave Glider under the five types of wave element. The force of the wings was simulated using FLUENT as the model input. The simulation results show that (1) 7 m is the most suitable umbilical length; (2) a smaller relative thickness should be selected in perfect conditions; and (3) for the first type of wave element, 15° is the best choice for the maximum limited angle, and 20° is preferred for the second, third, and fourth types, while 25° is preferred for the fifth type.

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Analysis of Atmospheric and Ionospheric Variations Due to Impacts of Super Typhoon Mangkhut (1822) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13040661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 661

Author(s):

Mohamed Freeshah ◽

Xiaohong Zhang ◽

Erman Şentürk ◽

Muhammad Arqim Adil ◽

B. G. Mousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Sea Level ◽

Northwest Pacific ◽

Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽

Sea Level Pressure ◽

Level Pressure ◽

Super Typhoon ◽

The Northwest Pacific Ocean

The Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWP) is one of the most vulnerable regions that has been hit by typhoons. In September 2018, Mangkhut was the 22nd Tropical Cyclone (TC) over the NWP regions (so, the event was numbered as 1822). In this paper, we investigated the highest amplitude ionospheric variations, along with the atmospheric anomalies, such as the sea-level pressure, Mangkhut’s cloud system, and the meridional and zonal wind during the typhoon. Regional Ionosphere Maps (RIMs) were created through the Hong Kong Continuously Operating Reference Stations (HKCORS) and International GNSS Service (IGS) data around the area of Mangkhut typhoon. RIMs were utilized to analyze the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) response over the maximum wind speed points (maximum spots) under the meticulous observations of the solar-terrestrial environment and geomagnetic storm indices. Ionospheric vertical TEC (VTEC) time sequences over the maximum spots are detected by three methods: interquartile range method (IQR), enhanced average difference (EAD), and range of ten days (RTD) during the super typhoon Mangkhut. The research findings indicated significant ionospheric variations over the maximum spots during this powerful tropical cyclone within a few hours before the extreme wind speed. Moreover, the ionosphere showed a positive response where the maximum VTEC amplitude variations coincided with the cyclone rainbands or typhoon edges rather than the center of the storm. The sea-level pressure tends to decrease around the typhoon periphery, and the highest ionospheric VTEC amplitude was observed when the low-pressure cell covers the largest area. The possible mechanism of the ionospheric response is based on strong convective cells that create the gravity waves over tropical cyclones. Moreover, the critical change state in the meridional wind happened on the same day of maximum ionospheric variations on the 256th day of the year (DOY 256). This comprehensive analysis suggests that the meridional winds and their resulting waves may contribute in one way or another to upper atmosphere-ionosphere coupling.

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