scholarly journals Stability Assessment of the Rumen Bacterial and Archaeal Communities in Dairy Cows Within a Single Lactation and Its Association With Host Phenotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Zhu ◽  
Gareth Frank Difford ◽  
Samantha Joan Noel ◽  
Jan Lassen ◽  
Peter Løvendahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Stability Assessment ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽  
Archaeal Communities

Better characterization of changes in the rumen microbiota in dairy cows over the lactation period is crucial for understanding how microbial factors may potentially be interacting with host phenotypes. In the present study, we characterized the rumen bacterial and archaeal community composition of 60 lactating Holstein dairy cows (33 multiparous and 27 primiparous), sampled twice within the same lactation with a 122 days interval. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes dominated the rumen bacterial community and showed no difference in relative abundance between samplings. Two less abundant bacterial phyla (SR1 and Proteobacteria) and an archaeal order (Methanosarcinales), on the other hand, decreased significantly from the mid-lactation to the late-lactation period. Moreover, between-sampling stability assessment of individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs), evaluated by concordance correlation coefficient (C-value) analysis, revealed the majority of the bacterial OTUs (6,187 out of 6,363) and all the 79 archaeal OTUs to be unstable over the investigated lactation period. The remaining 176 stable bacterial OTUs were mainly assigned to Prevotella, unclassified Prevotellaceae, and unclassified Bacteroidales. Milk phenotype-based screening analysis detected 32 bacterial OTUs, mainly assigned to unclassified Bacteroidetes and Lachnospiraceae, associated with milk fat percentage, and 6 OTUs, assigned to Ruminococcus and unclassified Ruminococcaceae, associated with milk protein percentage. These OTUs were only observed in the multiparous cows. None of the archaeal OTUs was observed to be associated with the investigated phenotypic parameters, including methane production. Co-occurrence analysis of the rumen bacterial and archaeal communities revealed Fibrobacter to be positively correlated with the archaeal genus vadinCA11 (Pearson r = 0.76) and unclassified Methanomassiliicoccaceae (Pearson r = 0.64); vadinCA11, on the other hand, was negatively correlated with Methanobrevibacter (Pearson r = –0.56). In conclusion, the rumen bacterial and archaeal communities of dairy cows displayed distinct stability at different taxonomic levels. Moreover, specific members of the rumen bacterial community were observed to be associated with milk phenotype parameters, however, only in multiparous cows, indicating that dairy cow parity could be one of the driving factors for host–microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Relationship between daily rumination time, physical activity, estrus and metabolic changes in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Razvan Nicolae Malancus ◽  
Cristina Maria Malancus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Value ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The One

The present study attempted to ascertain whether there is any connection between reduced daily rumination time and increased physical activity of the animals, on the one hand, and the presence of estrus or metabolic disorders in dairy cows, on the other hand. It has been observed that of the total of 168 cows, 55 (32.73%) showed decreased daily rumination time, 57 cows (33.92%) had specific manifestations for estrous period, while 25 cows (14.88%) showed both decreased daily rumination time and the presence of estrus. Statistical assessment of the data demonstrated a highly significant correlation between these two factors, with a p-value <0.05 (p = 0.0369). Regarding the correlation between increased physical activity, found in 40 cows (23.80%) and the presence of estrus, observed in 57 cows (33.92%) this one is extremely statistically significant with a p-value <0.001 (p = 0.0005), the combination of increased physical activity and estrus being detected in a total of 23 cows (13.69%). Thus, of 168 dairy cows taken into the study, 37 (22.02%) showed an association between decreased daily rumination time and increased physical activity, resulting in a extremely statistically significant correlation between the combination of the two events and the presence of estrus in cows, with a p-value <0.001 (p = 0.0003). Metabolic disorders were found in a total of 12 dairy cows (7.14 %), the association between decreased daily rumination time and increased physical activity being not statistically correlated with the development of metabolic disorders, p = 0.4676 . It remains to be observed if a correlation between the association of decreased daily rumination time and increased physical activity with the presence of metabolic disorders exists.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING TWO VARIETIES OF TALL FESCUE

1974 ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
G.F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clover Content

Two varieties of tall fescue were compared with 'Grasslands Ariki' ryegrass as feeds for lactating, and growing catmtle. In three shortterm experimeats the dairy cows grazing the different types of pasture produced similar quantities of milk and in most cases the fat and protein contents did not differ significantly. On the other hand, the exclusion of clover from the grass swards led to a lower milk production. Liveweight gains were consistently higher for yearling cattle grazing Ariki ryegrass compared with the two fescue swards. The invitro digestibility of S170 was lower than the value for G4710 but because of the high clover content of the S170 pastures animal performance was similar.

scholarly journals A pioneer calf foetus microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar E. Guzman ◽  
Jennifer L. Wood ◽  
Eleonora Egidi ◽  
Alison C. White-Monsant ◽  
Lucie Semenec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Sample Contamination ◽  
Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Archaeal Communities

Abstract Foetus sterility until parturition is under debate due to reports of microorganisms in the foetal environment and meconium. Sufficient controls to overcome sample contamination and provide direct evidence of microorganism viability in the pre-rectal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have been lacking. We conducted molecular and culture-based analyses to investigate the presence of a microbiome in the foetal GIT of calves at 5, 6 and 7 months gestation, while controlling for contamination. The 5 components of the GIT (ruminal fluid, ruminal tissue, caecal fluid, caecal tissue and meconium) and amniotic fluid were found to contain a pioneer microbiome of distinct bacterial and archaeal communities. Bacterial and archaeal richness varied between GIT components. The dominant bacterial phyla in amniotic fluid differed to those in ruminal and caecal fluids and meconium. The lowest bacterial and archaeal abundances were associated with ruminal tissues. Viable bacteria unique to the ruminal fluids, which were not found in the controls from 5, 6 and 7 months gestation, were cultured, subcultured, sequenced and identified. We report that the foetal GIT is not sterile but is spatially colonised before birth by a pioneer microbiome.

scholarly journals Analysis of Technical Equipment in Dairy Farms

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Borusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
General Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract The paper analyses technical equipment of the selected dairy farms. Data from questionnaires carried out in 96 farms in 2015 constituted a research material. Municipalities Lszewo-Borki in Mazowieckie Voivodeship were covered by the survey. A survey questionnaire, which consisted of two parts, was a research instrument. The first concerned general information on a farm and its owner, and the other consisted of eight questions on technical equipment used for breeding dairy cows. The research allowed to determine that farmers assessed the condition of their machinery park as average (50%) or good (40%). One out of ten farmers claimed that the used machinery park in a farm is in a bad condition. Majority of respondents have allotted from PLN 20 to 50 thousand for investments related to enhancement of a machinery park within the last 5 years. On the other hand, a considerable part of farms allotted up to PLN 20 thousand for development of a machinery park. The investigated group included also farms, which allotted more than PLN 500 thousand for development of a park.

scholarly journals Bacterial community structure analysis of soil treated with Parthenium hysterophorus L. derived green medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Abhaya Shikhar Panwar ◽  
Babita Rana ◽  
Gopal Krishna Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Maximum Proportion ◽  
Microbiome Profiling ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The present study encompasses the analysis of bacterial community structure of soil in the presence of Parthenium hysterophorus derived green medium. The 16S microbiome profiling of the soil revealed that it consists of members from 15 bacterial phyla with the most prominent being Proteobacteria. The other predominant phyla were Plantomycetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. The maximum proportion of the bacterial community remained unclassified at genus and species level. Among the classified population the maximum number of bacteria belonged to Flavisolibacter followed by Kaistobacter, Bacillus, Optitutus, Balneimonas, Steroidobacter, Rhodoplanes and Gemmata.

scholarly journals Community structure of the metabolically active rumen bacterial and archaeal communities of dairy cows over the transition period

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0187858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Zhu ◽  
Samantha Joan Noel ◽  
Gareth Frank Difford ◽  
Waleed Abu Al-Soud ◽  
Asker Brejnrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽  
Archaeal Communities

scholarly journals Changes in rumen bacterial and archaeal communities over the transition period in primiparous Holstein dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 9847-9862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Zhu ◽  
Lise Kristensen ◽  
Gareth F. Difford ◽  
Morten Poulsen ◽  
Samantha J. Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽  
Archaeal Communities ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document