scholarly journals Identification of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Rhipicephalus microplus in Yunnan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jiao ◽  
Jianing Zhang ◽  
Peisheng He ◽  
Xuan OuYang ◽  
Yonghui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Pooled Dna ◽  
First Time

Rhipicephalus microplus, a vector that can transmit many pathogens to humans and domestic animals, is widely distributed in Yunnan province, China. However, few reports on the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in Rh. microplus in Yunnan are available. The aim of this study was to detect TBPs in Rh. microplus in Yunnan and to analyze the phylogenetic characterization of TBPs detected in these ticks. The adult Rh. microplus (n = 516) feeding on cattle were collected. The pooled DNA samples of these ticks were evaluated using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and then TBPs in individual ticks were identified using genus- or group-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with DNA sequencing assay. As a result, Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis (24.61%, 127/516), Anaplasma marginale (13.18%, 68/516), Coxiella burnetii (3.10%, 16/516), and Coxiella-like endosymbiont (CLE) (8.33%, 43/516) were detected. The dual coinfection with Ca. R. jingxinensis and A. marginale and the triple coinfection with Ca. R. jingxinensis, A. marginale, and CLE were most frequent and detected in 3.68% (19/516) and 3.10% (16/516) of these ticks, respectively. The results provide insight into the diversity of TBPs and their coinfections in Rh. microplus in Yunnan province of China, reporting for the first time that C. burnetii had been found in Rh. microplus in China. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis with 6 loci (MLVA-6) discriminated the C. burnetii detected in Rh. microplus in Yunnan into MLVA genotype 1, which is closely related to previously described genotypes found primarily in tick and human samples from different regions of the globe, indicating a potential public health threat posed by C. burnetii in Rh. microplus in Yunnan.

scholarly journals Coxiella burnetii Shedding in Milk and Molecular Typing of Strains Infecting Dairy Cows in Greece

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Kalaitzakis ◽  
Tiziano Fancello ◽  
Xavier Simons ◽  
Ilias Chaligiannis ◽  
Sara Tomaiuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Animal Reservoir

Ruminants are considered the commonest animal reservoir for human infection of Coxiella burnetii, the Q fever causative agent. Considering the recently described importance of human Q fever in Greece, we aimed at providing the first comprehensive direct evidence of C. burnetii in dairy cows in Greece, including the genetic characterization of strains. The 462 examined dairy farms represented all geographical areas of Greece. One bulk tank milk sample was collected from every farm and tested for the presence of C. burnetii. Molecular genotyping of strains, performed directly on samples, revealed the existence of two separate clades characterized by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes of type 1 and type 2. The two clades were clearly distinguished in multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) by two discriminative loci: MS30 and MS28. Whereas MLVA profiles of SNP-type 2 clade were closely related to strains described in other European cattle populations, the MLVA profile observed within the SNP type 1 clade highlighted a peculiar genetic signature for Greece, related to genotypes found in sheep and goats in Europe. The shedding of C. burnetii bearing this genotype might have yet undefined human epidemiological consequences. Surveillance of the genetic distribution of C. burnetii from different sources is needed to fully understand the epidemiology of Q fever in Greece.

Genetic Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Cattle Carcasses and Feces in Mexico State

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
NYDIA E. REYES-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
EDGARDO SORIANO-VARGAS ◽  
JEANNETTE BARBA-LEÓN ◽  
ARMANDO NAVARRO ◽  
MARTÍN TALAVERA-ROJAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mlva Typing

Meat of bovine origin is one of the major vehicles in the transmission of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) to human consumers. This pathogen can produce serious human illness, including bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The aim of the current study was to characterize E. coli isolates (mainly VTEC strains) belonging to several serotypes in samples from cattle carcasses and feces of three municipal slaughter plants from Mexico State. The genetic diversity and molecular relatedness among the isolates was evaluated with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). To our knowledge, and with the exception of E. coli O157:H7, this is the first time that serotypes analyzed here have been subtyped by MLVA in Mexico. MLVA typing grouped the 37 strains from this study into 30 distinct genotypes, 26 of which were unique. These findings indicate that cattle carcasses and feces from slaughter plants in Mexico are a source of VTEC that are genetically diverse in terms of serotypes and virulence profiles. The presence of these pathogens in carcasses indicates the high probability of the spread of VTEC strains during slaughter and processing.

scholarly journals Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and clinical characterization of Leptospira interrogans canine isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Koizumi ◽  
Maki Mizutani Muto ◽  
Hidemasa Izumiya ◽  
Motoi Suzuki ◽  
Makoto Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

scholarly journals Mycobacterioses in dogs and cats from Buenos Aires, Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Barandiaran ◽  
Marcela Martínez Vivot ◽  
Elvira Falzoni ◽  
María J. Marfil ◽  
Gabriela Pérez Tort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Full Characterization

Mycobacterioses can produce nonspecific clinical signs in dogs and cats that make diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, the full characterization of mycobacterial agents is not always possible or practical. We characterized mycobacteria detected through cytology in 12 dogs and 7 cats with generalized clinical signs from the province of Buenos Aires in Argentina. In dogs, molecular testing confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) in 8 cases and M. fortuitum in 1 case. All dogs were Miniature Schnauzers, suggesting that this breed may be more susceptible to M. avium than other dog breeds. The cat isolates were 2 M. bovis, 1 M. fortuitum, and 1 MAH. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable-number tandem repeat patterns suggested possible links with cattle, swine, and humans studied previously in Argentina. The results show that pets may act as susceptible hosts with the potential risk of transmitting the infection to humans and other animals.

scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Reveals Genetic Relationships within Bacillus anthracis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (10) ◽  
pp. 2928-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Keim ◽  
L. B. Price ◽  
A. M. Klevytska ◽  
K. L. Smith ◽  
J. M. Schupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Sequence Characterization

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis is one of the most genetically homogeneous pathogens described, making strain discrimination particularly difficult. In this paper, we present a novel molecular typing system based on rapidly evolving variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. Multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) uses the combined power of multiple alleles at several marker loci. In our system, fluorescently labeled PCR primers are used to produce PCR amplification products from eight VNTR regions in the B. anthracisgenome. These are detected and their sizes are determined using an ABI377 automated DNA sequencer. Five of these eight loci were discovered by sequence characterization of molecular markers (vrrC 1, vrrC 2,vrrB 1, vrrB 2, and CG3), two were discovered by searching complete plasmid nucleotide sequences (pXO1-aat and pXO2-at), and one was known previously (vrrA). MLVA characterization of 426 B. anthracis isolates identified 89 distinct genotypes. VNTR markers frequently identified multiple alleles (from two to nine), with Nei's diversity values between 0.3 and 0.8. Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average cluster analysis identified six genetically distinct groups that appear to be derived from clones. Some of these clones show worldwide distribution, while others are restricted to particular geographic regions. Human commerce doubtlessly has contributed to the dispersal of particular clones in ancient and modern times.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Human and Animal Coxiella burnetii Strains: Genetic Fingerprinting of Q Fever in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomaiuolo ◽  
Samira Boarbi ◽  
Tiziano Fancello ◽  
Patrick Michel ◽  
Damien Desqueper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Contamination Routes

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are the primary source for human infection, and the identification of likely contamination routes from the reservoir animals the critical point to implement control programs. This study shows that Q fever is detected in Belgium in abortion of cattle, goat and sheep at a different degree of apparent prevalence (1.93%, 9.19%, and 5.50%, respectively). In addition, and for the first time, it is detected in abortion of alpaca (Vicugna pacos), raising questions on the role of these animals as reservoirs. To determine the relationship between animal and human strains, Multiple Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) (n=146), Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) (n=92) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) (n=4) methods were used to characterize samples/strains during 2009-2019. Three MLVA clusters (A, B, C) subdivided in 23 subclusters (A1-A12, B1-B8, C1-C3) and 3 SNP types (SNP1, SNP2, SNP6) were identified. The SNP2 type/MLVA cluster A was the most abundant and dispersed genotype over the entire territory, but it seemed not responsible for human cases, as it was only present in animal samples. The SNP1/MLVA B and SNP6/MLVA C clusters were mostly found in small ruminant and human samples, with the rare possibility of spillovers in cattle. SNP1/MLVA B cluster was present in all Belgian areas, while the SNP6/MLVA C cluster appeared more concentrated in the Western provinces. A broad analysis of European MLVA profiles confirmed the host-species distribution described for Belgian samples. In silico genotyping (WGS) further identified the spacer types and the genomic groups of C. burnetii Belgian strains: cattle and goat SNP2/MLVA A isolates belonged to ST61 and genomic group III, while the goat SNP1/MLVA B strain was classified as ST33 and genomic group II. In conclusion, Q fever is widespread in all Belgian domestic ruminants and in alpaca. We determined that the public health risk in Belgium is likely linked to specific genomic groups (SNP1/MLVA B and SNP6/MLVA C) mostly found in small ruminant strains. Considering the concordance between Belgian and European results, these considerations could be extended to other European countries.

scholarly journals Characterization of Dutch Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis using a Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risma Ikawaty ◽  
E.C. Brouwer ◽  
M.D. Jansen ◽  
E. van Duijkeren ◽  
D. Mevius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis
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