scholarly journals Aerobic Composting and Anaerobic Digestion Decrease the Copy Numbers of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and the Levels of Lactose-Degrading Enterobacteriaceae in Dairy Farms in Hokkaido, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Katada ◽  
Akira Fukuda ◽  
Chie Nakajima ◽  
Yasuhiko Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Aerobic Composting ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure

Efficient methods for decreasing the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) from livestock manure to humans are urgently needed. Aerobic composting (AC) or anaerobic digestion (AD) are widely used for manure treatment in Japanese dairy farms. To clarify the effects of AC and AD on antimicrobial resistance, the abundances of antimicrobial (tetracycline and cefazolin)-resistant lactose-degrading Enterobacteriaceae as indicator bacteria, copy numbers of ARGs (tetracycline resistance genes and β-lactamase coding genes), and concentrations of residual antimicrobials in dairy cow manure were determined before and after treatment. The concentration of tetracycline/cefazolin-resistant lactose-degrading Enterobacteriaceae was decreased over 1,000-fold by both AC and AD. ARGs such as tetA, tetB, and blaTEM were frequently detected and their copy numbers were significantly reduced by ∼1,000-fold by AD but not by AC. However, several ARG copies remained even after AD treatment. Although concentrations of the majority of residual antimicrobials were decreased by both AC and AD, oxytetracycline level was not decreased after treatment in most cases. In addition, 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based metagenomic analysis revealed that both treatments changed the bacterial community structure. These results suggest that both AC and AD could suppress the transmission of ARB, and AD could reduce ARG copy numbers in dairy cow manure.

scholarly journals Manure Microbial Communities and Resistance Profiles Reconfigure after Transition to Manure Pits and Differ from Those in Fertilized Field Soil

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley V. Sukhum ◽  
Rhiannon C. Vargas ◽  
Manish Boolchandani ◽  
Alaric W. D’Souza ◽  
Sanket Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Functional Metagenomics ◽  
Soil Communities ◽  
Fresh Manure ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure

ABSTRACT In agricultural settings, microbes and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) have the potential to be transferred across diverse environments and ecosystems. The consequences of these microbial transfers are unclear and understudied. On dairy farms, the storage of cow manure in manure pits and subsequent application to field soil as a fertilizer may facilitate the spread of the mammalian gut microbiome and its associated ARGs to the environment. To determine the extent of both taxonomic and resistance similarity during these transitions, we collected fresh manure, manure from pits, and field soil across 15 different dairy farms for three consecutive seasons. We used a combination of shotgun metagenomic sequencing and functional metagenomics to quantitatively interrogate taxonomic and ARG compositional variation on farms. We found that as the microbiome transitions from fresh dairy cow manure to manure pits, microbial taxonomic compositions and resistance profiles experience distinct restructuring, including decreases in alpha diversity and shifts in specific ARG abundances that potentially correspond to fresh manure going from a gut-structured community to an environment-structured community. Further, we did not find evidence of shared microbial community or a transfer of ARGs between manure and field soil microbiomes. Our results suggest that fresh manure experiences a compositional change in manure pits during storage and that the storage of manure in manure pits does not result in a depletion of ARGs. We did not find evidence of taxonomic or ARG restructuring of soil microbiota with the application of manure to field soils, as soil communities remained resilient to manure-induced perturbation. IMPORTANCE The addition of dairy cow manure—stored in manure pits—to field soil has the potential to introduce not only organic nutrients but also mammalian microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) to soil communities. Using shotgun sequencing paired with functional metagenomics, we showed that microbial community composition changed between fresh manure and manure pit samples with a decrease in gut-associated pathobionts, while ARG abundance and diversity remained high. However, field soil communities were distinct from those in manure in both microbial taxonomic and ARG composition. These results broaden our understanding of the transfer of microbial communities in agricultural settings and suggest that field soil microbial communities are resilient against the deposition of ARGs or microbial communities from manure.

Improvement of Biodegradability in Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Cow Manure

1985 ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giray Velioğlu ◽  
Kriton Curi ◽  
Ahmet Baban ◽  
Necdet Alpaslan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure

Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste and the effect of co-digestion with dairy cow manure

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (17) ◽  
pp. 8288-8293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Macias-Corral ◽  
Zohrab Samani ◽  
Adrian Hanson ◽  
Geoffrey Smith ◽  
Paul Funk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure

scholarly journals Diverse Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Dairy Cow Manure

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Wichmann ◽  
Nikolina Udikovic-Kolic ◽  
Sheila Andrew ◽  
Jo Handelsman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure

ABSTRACT Application of manure from antibiotic-treated animals to crops facilitates the dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants into the environment. However, our knowledge of the identity, diversity, and patterns of distribution of these antibiotic resistance determinants remains limited. We used a new combination of methods to examine the resistome of dairy cow manure, a common soil amendment. Metagenomic libraries constructed with DNA extracted from manure were screened for resistance to beta-lactams, phenicols, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. Functional screening of fosmid and small-insert libraries identified 80 different antibiotic resistance genes whose deduced protein sequences were on average 50 to 60% identical to sequences deposited in GenBank. The resistance genes were frequently found in clusters and originated from a taxonomically diverse set of species, suggesting that some microorganisms in manure harbor multiple resistance genes. Furthermore, amid the great genetic diversity in manure, we discovered a novel clade of chloramphenicol acetyltransferases. Our study combined functional metagenomics with third-generation PacBio sequencing to significantly extend the roster of functional antibiotic resistance genes found in animal gut bacteria, providing a particularly broad resource for understanding the origins and dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes in agriculture and clinical settings. IMPORTANCE The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is one of the most intractable challenges in 21st-century public health. The origins of resistance are complex, and a better understanding of the impacts of antibiotics used on farms would produce a more robust platform for public policy. Microbiomes of farm animals are reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, which may affect distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in human pathogens. Previous studies have focused on antibiotic resistance genes in manures of animals subjected to intensive antibiotic use, such as pigs and chickens. Cow manure has received less attention, although it is commonly used in crop production. Here, we report the discovery of novel and diverse antibiotic resistance genes in the cow microbiome, demonstrating that it is a significant reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. The genomic resource presented here lays the groundwork for understanding the dispersal of antibiotic resistance from the agroecosystem to other settings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Methane Production From Dairy Cow Manure and Vegetable Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ephodia Sihlangu ◽  
Dibungi Luseba ◽  
Khathutshelo A. Nephawe ◽  
Florence V. Nherera-Chokuda
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure ◽  
Determine Effect

Dairy cow manure has high buffering capacity hence a substrate for anaerobic digestion, however the process is not optimised in mono-digestion system due to limited substrate. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of co-digesting animal waste and vegetable waste on methane production. Two systems were applied- batch and continuous anaerobic digestion system to determine effect on methane yield. The experiments were conducted with treatments as: manure alone (M), composite of manure with cabbage (MC), manure with potatoes (MP), manure with cabbage and potatoes (MCP), faecal alone (F), faecal with cabbage (FC), faecal with potatoes (FP) and faecal with cabbage and potatoes (FCP). Rectal grab samples were collected prior to incubation and manure was collected from the pens. All treatments were in replicates. Composite of manure or faecal with cabbage and potatoes produced the highest biogas (FCP: 32.1 mL/g DM, MCP: 29.5 mL/g DM) and methane (FCP: 3.13 mL/g DM, MCP: 2.36 mL/g DM) compared to manure alone or faecal alone (F: 27.0 biogas mL/g DM, M: 26.6 biogas mL/g DM) (F: 1.36 methane mL/g DM, M: 1.18 methane mL/g DM). Co-digesting dairy excreta with cabbage as only vegetable substrate affected anaerobic digestion (FC: 24.8 mL/g DM, MC: 24.9 mL/g DM), since it was the lowest in biogas production compared to all treatments. The anaerobic digestion system had an effect in methane production since continuous anaerobic digestion system produced the highest methane compared to batch anaerobic digestion system in all treatments. The results obtained in this study suggest that composite of manure with both cabbage and potatoes results in the highest biogas and methane production.

Electroporation of harvest residues for enhanced biogas production in anaerobic co-digestion with dairy cow manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Đurđica Kovačić ◽  
Davor Kralik ◽  
Slavko Rupčić ◽  
Daria Jovičić ◽  
Robert Spajić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure
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