scholarly journals Point of Care Diagnostic Devices for Rapid Detection of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-nCoV19) Pandemic: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamkudoth Koteswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Nucleic Acid Assays

Coronaviruses are recognized as causative agents of human diseases worldwide. In Wuhan, China, an outbreak of Severe acute respiratory syndrome novel Coronavirus (SARS-nCoV-2) was reported at the end of December 2019, causing 63 million COVID cases and 1.3 million deaths globally by 2 December, 2020. The transmission risk forecasts and the SARS-nCoV-2 epidemic pattern are progressive. Unfortunately, there is no specific FDA approved drugs or vaccines available currently to treat SARS-nCoV-2. In response to nCoV-2 spread, the rapid detection is crucial for estimating the severity of the disease and treatment of patients. Currently, there are several RT-PCR based diagnostic kits available for SARS-nCoV-2 detection, which are time-consuming, expensive, need advanced equipment facilities and trained personnel. The cost of diagnosis and the unavailability of sufficient test kits may prevent to check community transmission. Furthermore, expanding the testing facilities in asymptomatic cases in hotspots require more Point of Care (PoC) devices. Therefore, fast, inexpensive, and reliable methods of detection of SARS-nCoV-2 virus infection in humans is urgently required. The rapid and easy-to-use devices will facilitate onsite testing. In this review, nucleic acid assays, serological assays, multiplex assays, and PoC devices are discussed to understand various diagnostic approaches to reduce the spread and mortality rate in the future. Aptamer based detection is most specific, inexpensive and rapid detection of SARS-nCoV-2 without laboratory tools. To the best of our knowledge more than 900 SARS-nCoV-2 test kits are in pipeline, among 395 test kits are molecular bested test kits and only few test kits are developed using Aptamer technology https://www.finddx.org/covid-19/pipeline/.

scholarly journals 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trieu Nguyen ◽  
Dang Duong Bang ◽  
Anders Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

We believe a point-of-care (PoC) device for the rapid detection of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial and urgently needed. With this perspective, we give suggestions regarding a potential candidate for the rapid detection of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as factors for the preparedness and response to the outbreak of the COVID-19.

scholarly journals All-in-One Dual CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR) Assay: A Case for Rapid, Ultrasensitive and Visual Detection of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and HIV virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Ding ◽  
Kun Yin ◽  
Ziyue Li ◽  
Changchun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractA recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has spread rapidly all over the world. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is another deadly virus and causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Rapid and early detection of these viruses will facilitate early intervention and reduce disease transmission risk. Here, we present an All-In-One Dual CRISPR-Cas12a (termed “AIOD-CRISPR”) assay method for simple, rapid, ultrasensitive, one-pot, and visual detection of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and HIV virus. In our AIOD CRISPR assay, a pair of crRNAs was introduced to initiate dual CRISPR-Cas12a detection and improve detection sensitivity. The AIOD-CRISPR assay system was successfully utilized to detect nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV with a sensitivity of few copies. Also, it was evaluated by detecting HIV-1 RNA extracted from human plasma samples, achieving a comparable sensitivity with real-time RT-PCR method. Thus, our method has a great potential for developing next-generation point-of-care molecular diagnostics.

scholarly journals ASE Statement on Point-of-Care Ultrasound during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer M. Johri ◽  
Benjamin Galen ◽  
James N. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Michael Lanspa ◽  
Sharon Mulvagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals COVID-19 Community Transmission among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Mazin Barry ◽  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Mohamad-Hani Temsah ◽  
Syed Abdul Bari ◽  
Muhammad Yasin Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Female Nurses ◽  
Cardiac Center

Aim: To determine the frequency, mode of transmission, and outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care cardiac center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: This is a retrospective study of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected HCWs and was conducted from 2 March to 31 December 2020. Data related to the presence of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, hospitalization, and mortality were collected from the patients’ medical records. Results: Of the 4462 patients tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 203 (4.5%) HCWs were positive; of these, 125 (61.6%) were males, and the most common age group was <40 years. The most commonly encountered health professionals were nurses (74, 36.4%), followed by therapists/technicians (48, 23.6%), housekeepers (25, 12.3%), and physicians (21, 10.4%). The majority (184, 90.6%) of the HCWs contracted COVID-19 in the community, and only 19 (9.4%) were healthcare-associated infections. Of the infected HCWs, 169 (83.3%) had mild symptoms and were managed in home isolation. The most common symptoms were fever (128, 63.1%), body ache (124, 61.8%), headache (113, 55.7%), dry cough (123, 60.6%), sore throat (97, 47.8%), body weakness (97, 47.8%), and fatigue (94, 46.3%). Comparing males and females, there was a significantly higher number of female nurses; in contrast, there was a higher number of male physicians, housekeepers, therapists/technicians, and other specialty HCWs. A significantly lower number of nurses, therapists/technicians were infected in the ≥40 years age group compared to <40 years. Furthermore, a significantly higher difference was observed among non-Saudi nurses compared to Saudi nurses. No mortality was documented among the included HCWs. Conclusions: In the largest tertiary cardiac center in KSA, most HCWs who contracted COVID-19 developed mild symptoms; nurses and those aged <40 years were most commonly infected, and most infections were acquired in the community. HCWs’ adherence to mitigation measures outside of the workplace is vital to curb the current pandemic and decrease nosocomial transmission risk.

scholarly journals Design and Adoption of Low-Cost Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices: Syrian Case

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
M. Munzer Alseed ◽  
Hamzah Syed ◽  
Mehmet Cengiz Onbasli ◽  
Ali K. Yetisen ◽  
Savas Tasoglu
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Technology Experience ◽  
The Cost

Civil wars produce immense humanitarian crises, causing millions of individuals to seek refuge in other countries. The rate of disease prevalence has inclined among the refugees, increasing the cost of healthcare. Complex medical conditions and high numbers of patients at healthcare centers overwhelm the healthcare system and delay diagnosis and treatment. Point-of-care (PoC) testing can provide efficient solutions to high equipment cost, late diagnosis, and low accessibility of healthcare services. However, the development of PoC devices in developing countries is challenged by several barriers. Such PoC devices may not be adopted due to prejudices about new technologies and the need for special training to use some of these devices. Here, we investigated the concerns of end users regarding PoC devices by surveying healthcare workers and doctors. The tendency to adopt PoC device changes is based on demographic factors such as work sector, education, and technology experience. The most apparent concern about PoC devices was issues regarding low accuracy, according to the surveyed clinicians.

scholarly journals Measuring oxygen access: lessons from health facility assessments in Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e006069
Author(s):  
Hamish R Graham ◽  
Omotayo E Olojede ◽  
Ayobami A Bakare ◽  
Agnese Iuliano ◽  
Oyaniyi Olatunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
Facility Assessment ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
The Cost

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted global oxygen system deficiencies and revealed gaps in how we understand and measure ‘oxygen access’. We present a case study on oxygen access from 58 health facilities in Lagos state, Nigeria. We found large differences in oxygen access between facilities (primary vs secondary, government vs private) and describe three key domains to consider when measuring oxygen access: availability, cost, use. Of 58 facilities surveyed, 8 (14%) of facilities had a functional pulse oximeter. Oximeters (N=27) were typically located in outpatient clinics (12/27, 44%), paediatric ward (6/27, 22%) or operating theatre (4/27, 15%). 34/58 (59%) facilities had a functional source of oxygen available on the day of inspection, of which 31 (91%) facilities had it available in a single ward area, typically the operating theatre or maternity ward. Oxygen services were free to patients at primary health centres, when available, but expensive in hospitals and private facilities, with the median cost for 2 days oxygen 13 000 (US$36) and 27 500 (US$77) Naira, respectively. We obtained limited data on the cost of oxygen services to facilities. Pulse oximetry use was low in secondary care facilities (32%, 21/65 patients had SpO2 documented) and negligible in private facilities (2%, 3/177) and primary health centres (<1%, 2/608). We were unable to determine the proportion of hypoxaemic patients who received oxygen therapy with available data. However, triangulation of existing data suggested that no facilities were equipped to meet minimum oxygen demands. We highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach to measuring oxygen access that assesses access at the point-of-care and ideally at the patient-level. We propose standard metrics to report oxygen access and describe how these can be integrated into routine health information systems and existing health facility assessment tools.

scholarly journals Handheld Point-of-Care System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Extracted RNA in under 20 min

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano ◽  
Kenny Malpartida-Cardenas ◽  
Nicolas Moser ◽  
Ivana Pennisi ◽  
Matthew Cavuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care System ◽  
Care System

scholarly journals Diagnosis of SARS-Cov-2 Infection by RT-PCR Using Specimens Other Than Naso- and Oropharyngeal Swabs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Vânia M. Moreira ◽  
Paulo Mascarenhas ◽  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
José João Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Nucleic Acid Assays

The rapid and accurate testing of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still crucial to mitigate, and eventually halt, the spread of this disease. Currently, nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and oropharyngeal swab (OPS) are the recommended standard sampling techniques, yet, these have some limitations such as the complexity of collection. Hence, several other types of specimens that are easier to obtain are being tested as alternatives to nasal/throat swabs in nucleic acid assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This study aims to critically appraise and compare the clinical performance of RT-PCR tests using oral saliva, deep-throat saliva/posterior oropharyngeal saliva (DTS/POS), sputum, urine, feces, and tears/conjunctival swab (CS) against standard specimens (NPS, OPS, or a combination of both). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrial.gov and NIPH Clinical Trial) were searched up to the 30th of December, 2020. Case-control and cohort studies on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS 2). We identified 1560 entries, 33 of which (1.1%) met all required criteria and were included for the quantitative data analysis. Saliva presented the higher accuracy, 92.1% (95% CI: 70.0–98.3), with an estimated sensitivity of 83.9% (95% CI: 77.4–88.8) and specificity of 96.4% (95% CI: 89.5–98.8). DTS/POS samples had an overall accuracy of 79.7% (95% CI: 43.3–95.3), with an estimated sensitivity of 90.1% (95% CI: 83.3–96.9) and specificity of 63.1% (95% CI: 36.8–89.3). The remaining index specimens could not be adequately assessed given the lack of studies available. Our meta-analysis shows that saliva samples from the oral region provide a high sensitivity and specificity; therefore, these appear to be the best candidates for alternative specimens to NPS/OPS in SARS-CoV-2 detection, with suitable protocols for swab-free sample collection to be determined and validated in the future. The distinction between oral and extra-oral salivary samples will be crucial, since DTS/POS samples may induce a higher rate of false positives. Urine, feces, tears/CS and sputum seem unreliable for diagnosis. Saliva testing may increase testing capacity, ultimately promoting the implementation of truly deployable COVID-19 tests, which could either work at the point-of-care (e.g. hospitals, clinics) or at outbreak control spots (e.g., schools, airports, and nursing homes).

Cost of therapy for cystic fibrosis in different age groups with consideration to the respiratory tract infection and complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-249
Author(s):  
E. G. Furman ◽  
V. V. Shadrina ◽  
T. Yu. Maksimycheva ◽  
V. D. Sherman ◽  
E. I. Kondratyeva
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Hypothetical Patient ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
The Cost

Despite the low prevalence of cystic fibrosis (CF), the costs of treating this disease are significant for the healthcare system. The aim of this economic study was to assess the total cost of drugs per year for children with CF, depending on age and course of the disease.Methods. For this pharmacoeconomic analysis, groups of “hypothetical” patients were formed according to the characteristics of the course of CF, taking into account the required volume of basic CF therapy, antibiotic therapy, and complications.Results. The cost of basic treatment for CF patients of different ages and disease progression in the hypothetical patient models can vary greatly. The cost of CF therapy increases significantly with age and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection, especially in the patients with chronic infection, concomitant polyposis sinusitis, and low nutritional status.Conclusion. Patients with CF require regular follow-up with control of the microflora of the respiratory tract and effective eradication therapy for P. aeruginosa and other pathogenic microorganisms. Reducing infection rates and the severity of the disease can lead to significant cost savings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document