scholarly journals Point of care diaphragm ultrasound in acute bronchiolitis: A measurable tool to predict the clinical, sonographic severity of the disease, and outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihan Şık ◽  
Hale Çitlenbik ◽  
Ali Öztürk ◽  
Durgül Yılmaz ◽  
Murat Duman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

scholarly journals The relationship of the immature platelet fraction with the diagnosis and severity of acute bronchiolitis in children.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURAT DOĞAN ◽  
MEHMET KOSE ◽  
Mehmet ÖZTÜRK ◽  
melih hangul ◽  
HÜMEYRA ASLANER
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: Acute bronchiolitis is one of the most common causes of hospitalization for children younger than 1 year. Although the prognosis for these children is generally good, the condition involves a risk of mortality. Here, we evaluate the immature platelet fraction (IPF) as a biomarker for the severity of acute bronchiolitis. Material and Methods: In total, 179 children who had been diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis were classified into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe bronchiolitis, and 80 healthy children were included as a control group. The diagnostic capacity of the IPF, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), white blood cell count (WBC), and platelet count (PLT) values to predict bronchiolitis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their respective areas under the curves (AUCs) calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Patients with acute bronchiolitis had a larger IPF than their healthy counterparts (p < 0.001). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the clinical severity of the disease and the IPF. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the IPF cut-off point for predicting acute bronchiolitis was >3.2%, with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 97%. Our results clearly demonstrate that the AUCs for IPF, MPV, PDW, WBC, and PLT were statistically significant for the bronchiolitis versus the control group. The AUC was greatest for the IPF. Conclusion: The IPF is a new marker for diagnosing and evaluating the clinical severity of acute bronchiolitis.

scholarly journals Utility of lateral flow tests in SARS-CoV-2 infection monitorization

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Candel González ◽  
José Manuel Viñuela-Prieto ◽  
Juan González del Castillo ◽  
Pablo Barreiro García ◽  
Marcos Fragiel Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Lateral Flow Tests ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Serology Testing

Introduction. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for medical and public health reasons, to allow the best treatment of cases and the best control of the pandemic. Serology testing allows for the detection of asymptomatic infections and 19-COVID cases once the virus has been cleared. We analyzed the usefulness of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid test of Autobio and tried to correlate its pattern with the severity of COVID19 infection. Material and methods. We analyzed the accuracy and clinical usefulness of a point-of-care IgM and/or IgG test for SARS-CoV-2 in 35 COVID-19 patients [12 (34.3%) mild-moderate and 23 (65.7%) severe-critical] admitted to a field hospital in Madrid, as well as in 5 controls. Results. The mean time from the first day of symptoms to the antibody test was 28 days (SD: 8.7), similar according to the severity of the disease. All patients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR+ showed the corresponding IgG positivity, while these results were negative in all control individuals. A total of 26 (74%) cases also presented with positive IgM, 19 (83%) were severe-critical cases and 7 (58%) were mild-moderate cases. The IgM response lasted longer in the severe critical cases (mean: 29.7 days; SD: 8.4) compared to the moderate cases (mean: 21.2 days; SD: 2.0). Conclusions. Rapid serology tests are useful for the diagnosis of patients with COVID-19 (mainly IgG detection) and may also be correlated with the severity of the infection (based on IgM detection).

scholarly journals Impact of Anaemia on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Elif Çelik ◽  
Serkan Fazlı Çelik ◽  
Şükrü Güngör ◽  
Adem Dursun
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Although anaemia is a predisposing factor in the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections, there is limited data about the relationship between anaemia and acute bronchiolitis in infants. The aim of this study is to determine whether anaemia is an independent clinical condition increasing the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 163 infants (101 acute bronchiolitis and age and sex matched 62 controls), aged between one month to two years. According to the clinical severity of the disease, patients were divided as having mild, moderate and severe acute bronchiolitis. Haemoglobin (Hb) level was considered low when below 11 gm/dL, which is less than 2 standard deviation (SD). Results: Median Hb and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were significantly lower in acute bronchiolitis patients than controls {10.1 gm/dL (9.6 - 10.6 gm/dL) vs. 11.2 gm/dL (10.6 - 12.1 gm/dL); p < 0.001)}, and {33.6 (32.5 - 34.1 gm/dL) vs. 34 gm/dL (33.1 - 34.5 gm/dL) p = 0.012}. Conversely, median red cell distribution width (RDW) was higher {14.4% (13.5 - 15.6%) vs. 14.1% (13.1-15%)}. When evaluated by logistic regression analysis, the risk of severe bronchiolitis increased 10 times in acute bronchiolitis patients with a Hb value ≤ 10 gm/dL. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between Hb level and bronchiolitis severity (r :- 0.423, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients who had Hb value under 9.95 gm/dL had risk of more severe bronchiolitis with 73.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity than other patients. Conclusions: Anaemic infants are more susceptible to acute bronchiolits and as the degree of anaemia increases, they are more severely affected.

scholarly journals Point of Care Diagnostic Devices for Rapid Detection of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-nCoV19) Pandemic: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamkudoth Koteswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Nucleic Acid Assays

Coronaviruses are recognized as causative agents of human diseases worldwide. In Wuhan, China, an outbreak of Severe acute respiratory syndrome novel Coronavirus (SARS-nCoV-2) was reported at the end of December 2019, causing 63 million COVID cases and 1.3 million deaths globally by 2 December, 2020. The transmission risk forecasts and the SARS-nCoV-2 epidemic pattern are progressive. Unfortunately, there is no specific FDA approved drugs or vaccines available currently to treat SARS-nCoV-2. In response to nCoV-2 spread, the rapid detection is crucial for estimating the severity of the disease and treatment of patients. Currently, there are several RT-PCR based diagnostic kits available for SARS-nCoV-2 detection, which are time-consuming, expensive, need advanced equipment facilities and trained personnel. The cost of diagnosis and the unavailability of sufficient test kits may prevent to check community transmission. Furthermore, expanding the testing facilities in asymptomatic cases in hotspots require more Point of Care (PoC) devices. Therefore, fast, inexpensive, and reliable methods of detection of SARS-nCoV-2 virus infection in humans is urgently required. The rapid and easy-to-use devices will facilitate onsite testing. In this review, nucleic acid assays, serological assays, multiplex assays, and PoC devices are discussed to understand various diagnostic approaches to reduce the spread and mortality rate in the future. Aptamer based detection is most specific, inexpensive and rapid detection of SARS-nCoV-2 without laboratory tools. To the best of our knowledge more than 900 SARS-nCoV-2 test kits are in pipeline, among 395 test kits are molecular bested test kits and only few test kits are developed using Aptamer technology https://www.finddx.org/covid-19/pipeline/.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Outcome of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children in the Tobruk Area, Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-12
Author(s):  
Ghamela S. .Ali ◽  
Hawa H Greish ◽  
Fathy .A.A. Abdolmejed
Keyword(s):  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ipratropium Bromide ◽  
P Value ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
The Family ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, usually caused by an acute viral illness. It is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in children younger than 2 years.The aim of this study is to analyze the hospital incidence of acute bronchiolitis in children aged 2 months up to 2 years, to assess the relation, the severity of the disease to age, gender, season, family history of atopy, and to assess the treatment and outcome. The retrospective study collected the data from the admission records of patients. 198 admissions for acute bronchiolitis represented 14.6% of hospital admission rates. Most in ages between 2-6 months 128 (64.6%). Female: Male ratio 1.1:1, female patients 102 (51.5%). The history of Atopy in the family was positive in 136 (68.7%) of patients. The disease was not severe as only 27 (13.6%) were admitted to PICU, and only 3 (1.6%) of them needed mechanical ventilation, in addition to there being no mortalities. Most cases were in winter 81 (40.9%) (P-value 0.02). All patients received Salbutamol nebulizer, 47 (23.7%) received hydrocortisone injection (IV), and 45 (22.7%) received Ipratropium bromide nebulizer. Acute Bronchiolitis is an important cause of admissions in infants, especially under the age of 6 months.

Effect of pH and inhibitors on beta-amyloid fibril assembly

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 752-753
Author(s):  
Beverly E. Maleeff ◽  
Timothy K. Hart ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Ronald Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Fibril ◽  
Peptide Fragment ◽  
Hydrophobic Peptides ◽  
Amyloid Fibril Formation ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer's disease is characterized post-mortem in part by abnormal extracellular neuritic plaques found in brain tissue. There appears to be a correlation between the severity of Alzheimer's dementia in vivo and the number of plaques found in particular areas of the brain. These plaques are known to be the deposition sites of fibrils of the protein β-amyloid. It is thought that if the assembly of these plaques could be inhibited, the severity of the disease would be decreased. The peptide fragment Aβ, a precursor of the p-amyloid protein, has a 40 amino acid sequence, and has been shown to be toxic to neuronal cells in culture after an aging process of several days. This toxicity corresponds to the kinetics of in vitro amyloid fibril formation. In this study, we report the biochemical and ultrastructural effects of pH and the inhibitory agent hexadecyl-N-methylpiperidinium (HMP) bromide, one of a class of ionic micellar detergents known to be capable of solubilizing hydrophobic peptides, on the in vitro assembly of the peptide fragment Aβ.

“Aspirin - resistance”? A few critical considerations on definition, terminology, diagnosis, clinical value, natural course of atherosclerotic disease, and therapeutic consequences

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berent ◽  
Sinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Aspirin Resistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Platelet Function Tests ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Therapeutic Consequences ◽  
Function Tests

Based upon various platelet function tests and the fact that patients experience vascular events despite taking acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or aspirin), it has been suggested that patients may become resistant to the action of this pharmacological compound. However, the term “aspirin resistance” was created almost two decades ago but is still not defined. Platelet function tests are not standardized, providing conflicting information and cut-off values are arbitrarily set. Intertest comparison reveals low agreement. Even point of care tests have been introduced before appropriate validation. Inflammation may activate platelets, co-medication(s) may interfere significantly with aspirin action on platelets. Platelet function and Cox-inhibition are only some of the effects of aspirin on haemostatic regulation. One single test is not reliable to identify an altered response. Therefore, it may be more appropriate to speak about “treatment failure” to aspirin therapy than using the term “aspirin resistance”. There is no evidence based justification from either the laboratory or the clinical point of view for platelet function testing in patients taking aspirin as well as from an economic standpoint. Until evidence based data from controlled studies will be available the term “aspirin resistance” should not be further used. A more robust monitoring of factors resulting in cardiovascular events such as inflammation is recommended.

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