scholarly journals Body Fat Distribution and Associated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Cerebral Palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Iee Shin ◽  
Se Hee Jung
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Android Fat

Objective: Fat distribution has increasingly been acknowledged as a more significant health parameter than general obesity, in terms of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate the regional fat distribution pattern and general body fat characteristics of adults with cerebral palsy (CP), and we explored the risk of CVD in this population.Methods: People aged ≥20 years who were diagnosed with CP were recruited between February 2014 and November 2014. The subjects underwent a structured interview, laboratory studies, and physical examination. The amount and distribution of fat were determined directly by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Laboratory analysis was performed to measure total cholesterol and triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, and fasting plasma glucose levels. The Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to present the 10-year risk for having CVD, and predictors such as sex, age, total cholesterol, HDL, systolic blood pressure, treatment for hypertension, and smoking status were used to calculate the FRS.Results: Ninety-nine adults (58 men, mean age 41.77 ± 8.95 years) with CP were included. The participants consisted of all five levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.52 ± 4.58 kg/m2. According to BMI criteria, 54.9% were overweight and 27.3% were obese. The fat mass index criteria revealed 10.1% excess fat and 7.6% obesity. In univariable regression analysis, age, the timing of physical function deterioration, and android fat percentage were associated with the FRS (p &lt;0.001, p &lt;0.001, and p = 0.007, respectively). In multiple regression analysis, the FRS was associated with age and android fat percentage, based on the following formula: “FRS=−18.549 + 0.410 ∗ Age + 0.577 ∗ Android percent fat (%) (R2=0.528)′′                                                                                                                                        (p<0.001).Conclusions: Body fat distribution in the android area is significantly associated with future CVD risk in adults with CP.

Overview of Epidemiology and Contribution of Obesity and Body Fat Distribution to Cardiovascular Disease: An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Eve Piché ◽  
Paul Poirier ◽  
Isabelle Lemieux ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution

scholarly journals Associations of nicotine dependence and fat distribution in Chinese male adults: a cross-sectional study in Lanxi, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e022465
Author(s):  
Chen Wei ◽  
Sunyue Ye ◽  
Jessica Ruolin Sheng ◽  
Xiaoguang Ma ◽  
Yuan Ru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Male

IntroductionPrevious studies have showed association between smoking and central fat distribution. However, the impact of smoking on whole body fat distribution, particularly peripheral fat distribution remains unclear.MethodsNicotine dependence was assessed in a total of 1264 male adults aged 18–80 years using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Smoking status was categorised as non-smokers, former and current smokers with very low, low/moderate, or high FTND scores. Body fat distribution was determined using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric measurements. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the adjusted associations between body fat distribution and smoking in all participants, and its association with FTND scores in the current smokers.ResultsGreater waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), trunk fat percentage (%TF), android fat percentage (%AF) and android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio (AOI); but lower legs fat percentage (%LegF), limb fat percentage (%LimbF) and gynoid fat percentage (%GF) were found in current smokers with high FTND scores compared with non-smokers. In current smokers aged 60 years or older, FTND scores had positive associations with WC, WHR, WHtR, %TF, %AF and AOI, and negative associations with %LegF, %LimbF and %GF.ConclusionsNicotine dependence was positively associated with central fat distribution and negatively associated with peripheral fat distribution in Chinese male adults, particularly in those older or heavy smokers, and these associations were independent from body mass index, which might be due to long exposure to smoking.

scholarly journals Body Fat Distribution, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Britton ◽  
Joseph M. Massaro ◽  
Joanne M. Murabito ◽  
Bernard E. Kreger ◽  
Udo Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

scholarly journals Visceral Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Complications of Obesity Are Reduced in Prader-Willi Syndrome Female Adults: Evidence for Novel Influences on Body Fat Distribution

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 4330-4338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Goldstone ◽  
E. Louise Thomas ◽  
Audrey E. Brynes ◽  
Jimmy D. Bell ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Glucose Ratio

Visceral obesity is detrimental to health, but the mechanisms controlling body fat distribution are not fully understood. In premenopausal adult females (30 nonobese, 14 obese [body mass index&gt; 30kg/m2]), variance in fasting insulin, glucose, insulin/glucose ratio, C-peptide/insulin ratio, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, were independently influenced by visceral but not total sc or abdominal sc adipose tissue, as measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Adult females with Prader-Willi syndrome (n = 13) had significantly reduced visceral adiposity, compared with obese controls (visceral/total sc adipose tissue ratio: 0.067 ± 0.017 vs. 0.108 ± 0.021), independent of their total adiposity (P &lt; 0.001), or use of exogenous sex steroids. This is in contrast to that expected by their physical inactivity, hypogonadism, adult GH deficiency, and psychiatric problems. Females with Prader-Willi syndrome not receiving sex steroids (n = 8) had significantly reduced fasting insulin, insulin/glucose ratio, and triglycerides and increased C-peptide/insulin ratio, compared with obese controls, adjusting for total (P &lt; 0.05) but not visceral adiposity (P = 0.3–0.6), supporting their association. The cause of the reduced visceral adiposity in Prader-Willi syndrome may reflect novel hormonal, hypothalamic, and/or genetic influences on body fat distribution.

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