scholarly journals Visual attention for social information and salivary oxytocin levels in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: an eye-tracking study

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi X. Fujisawa ◽  
Shiho Tanaka ◽  
Daisuke N. Saito ◽  
Hirotaka Kosaka ◽  
Akemi Tomoda
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Weiyi Ma ◽  
Likan Zhan

The present study investigated whether Mandarin-speaking preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were able to use prosodic cues to understand others’ communicative intentions. Using the visual world eye-tracking paradigm, the study found that unlike typically developing (TD) 4-year-olds, both 4-year-olds with ASD and 5-year-olds with ASD exhibited an eye gaze pattern that reflected their inability to use prosodic cues to infer the intended meaning of the speaker. Their performance was relatively independent of their verbal IQ and mean length of utterance. In addition, the findings also show that there was no development in this ability from 4 years of age to 5 years of age. The findings indicate that Mandarin-speaking preschool children with ASD exhibit a deficit in using prosodic cues to understand the communicative intentions of the speaker, and this ability might be inherently impaired in ASD.


Autism ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rennan Y Du ◽  
Cynthia KY Yiu ◽  
Nigel M King ◽  
Virginia CN Wong ◽  
Colman PJ McGrath

Author(s):  
И.А. Конева ◽  
Т.А. Серебрякова ◽  
О.И. Борисова

В статье рассматриваются особенности игровой деятельности дошкольников с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС). Данная проблема является недостаточно разработанной в специальной психологии и психокоррекционной практике и очень актуальной с точки зрения оптимизации развития детей с РАС. Анализируются результаты психологических исследований по отмеченной проблеме; описывается методологический аппарат проведенного авторами эмпирического изучения особенностей игровой деятельности дошкольников с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС): цель, гипотеза, методики; дается качественный анализ полученных результатов. В процессе сравнения особенностей игры дошкольников с РАС с возрастными нормативами доказано, что игровая деятельность этих детей отличается своеобразием: у большинства преобладает предметно-манипулятивная деятельность; отмечаются трудности в использовании предметов-заместителей в игре, нарушения при использовании свойств игрушки; предпочитаемая игра имеет стереотипный характер, а основным побудителем для игры служит выраженный сенсорный раздражитель. Подтверждена гипотеза о том, что у дошкольников с РАС в игровой деятельности преобладают предметные манипуляции, стереотипные действия, использование игрушек не по назначению. Кроме того, у дошкольников с РАС выявлены индивидуальные особенности игровой деятельности: предпочитаемые игры и игрушки, выбираемые места для игр, наличие или отсутствие ролевой речи. Перспективы дальнейшего исследования особенностей игровой деятельности дошкольников с расстройствами аутистического спектра могут быть связаны с разработкой индивидуально ориентированных коррекционно-развивающих программ с учетом особенностей игры каждого ребенка для оптимизации его общего психического развития. The article treats the characteristics of play activities for preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. This issue of special psychology and psychocorrectional practice is under-investigated and highly relevant as a means to enhance the development of children with autism spectrum disorders. The article analyzes the results of psychological research on the issue. It describes the methodological apparatus for empirical investigation of play activities for preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: the aim, the hypothesis, the methods employed. It also provides a quality analysis of the obtained results. A comparative analysis of autistic children’s play activities and play activities of normotypical children of the same age shows that autistic children’s play activities have some peculiarities: the majority of children engage in object play, they experience difficulties with symbolic play, cannot properly use the properties of a play object, they prefer stereotypical and repetitive play activities, they engage in play activities for the physical sensation it creates. The article proves the hypothesis that preschool children with autism spectrum disorders engage in object manipulations, stereotypical activities, do not use objects the way they are intended to be used. Moreover, preschool children with autism spectrum disorders demonstrate individual peculiarities when engaged in play activities: favorite toys and games, favorite play spots, absence or presence of verbal communication during pretend play. Further investigation of play activities for preschool children with autism spectrum disorders can be associated with the development of individual correctional programs that take into consideration children’s individual play characteristics and enhance children’s psychological development.


2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Anders Eriksson ◽  
Joakim Westerlund ◽  
Åsa Hedvall ◽  
Per Åmark ◽  
Christopher Gillberg ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
E Ovsiannikov ◽  
G Koviazina ◽  
V Poperekov ◽  
N Buldakova

Aim. The purpose of the article is to improve sensory integration, coordination and conditioning abilities in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through hippotherapy classes. Material and methods. The pedagogical experiment was conducted on the premises of the Favorit equestrian club (Podolsk, Moscow Region) from September 2016 to September 2018. 10 preschool children with ASD participated in the experiment (experimental group). The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and literature summary; pedagogical testing; summative and formative assessment; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Analysis of changes in the indicators of the experimental group from the beginning to the end of the pedagogical experiment showed positive changes. The Romberg test indicators improved by 3.3 s, the results of the trunk stability test and trunk lift test improved by 6 and 5.03 s, respectively (p < 0.05). Assessment of sensory integration showed an improvement in tactile sensation by 14 points, in the vestibular apparatus by 12.63 points, the perception of visual information improved by 8.4 points (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The pedagogical experiment confirms the effectiveness of using hippotherapy for sensory integration dysfunctions in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders and improving coordination and conditioning abilities in children.


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