scholarly journals Shift Toward Randomness in Brain Networks of Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: The Role of Malnutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Collantoni ◽  
Paolo Meneguzzo ◽  
Elena Tenconi ◽  
Valentina Meregalli ◽  
Renzo Manara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Tractography Data

No study to date investigated structural white matter (WM) connectome characteristics in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Previous research in AN found evidence of imbalances in global and regional connectomic brain architecture and highlighted a role of malnutrition in determining structural brain changes. The aim of our study was to explore the characteristics of the WM network architecture in a sample of patients with AN. Thirty-six patients with AN and 36 healthy women underwent magnetic resonance imaging to obtain a high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted anatomical image and a diffusion tensor imaging scan. Probabilistic tractography data were extracted and analyzed in their network properties through graph theory tools. In comparison to healthy women, patients with AN showed lower global network segregation (normalized clustering: p = 0.029), an imbalance between global network integration and segregation (i.e., lower small-worldness: p = 0.031), and the loss of some of the most integrative and influential hubs. Both clustering and small-worldness correlated with the lowest lifetime body mass index. A significant relationship was found between the average regional loss of cortical volume and changes in network properties of brain nodes: the more the difference in the cortical volume of brain areas, the more the increase in the centrality of corresponding nodes in the whole brain, and the decrease in clustering and efficiency of the nodes of parietal cortex. Our findings showed an unbalanced connectome wiring in AN patients, which seems to be influenced by malnutrition and loss of cortical volume. The role of this rearrangement in the maintenance and prognosis of AN and its reversibility with clinical improvement needs to be established by future studies.

scholarly journals Spatial integration of mechanical forces by alpha-actinin establishes actin network symmetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Senger ◽  
Amandine Pitaval ◽  
Hajer Ennomani ◽  
Laetitia Kurzawa ◽  
Laurent Blanchoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Actin Network ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Extracellular Microenvironment ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Cell and tissue morphogenesis depend on the production and spatial organization of tensional forces in the actin cytoskeleton. Actin network architecture is complex because it is made of distinct modules in which filaments adopt a variety of organizations. The assembly and dynamics of these modules is well described but the self-organisation rules directing the global network architecture are much less understood. Here we investigated the mechanism regulating the interplay between network architecture and the geometry of cell’s extracellular environment. We found that α-actinin, a filament crosslinker, is essential for network symmetry to be consistent with extracellular microenvironment symmetry. It appeared to be required for the interconnection of transverse arcs with radial fibres to ensure an appropriate balance between forces at cell adhesions and across the entire actin network. Furthermore, the connectivity of the actin network appeared necessary for the cell ability to integrate and adapt to complex patterns of extracellular cues as they migrate. Altogether, our study has unveiled a role of actin-filament crosslinking in the physical integration of mechanical forces throughout the entire cell, and the role of this integration in the establishment and adaptation of intracellular symmetry axes in accordance with the geometry of extracellular cues.

Altered global brain network topology as a trait marker in patients with anorexia nervosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Geisler ◽  
Viola Borchardt ◽  
Ilka Boehm ◽  
Joseph A. King ◽  
Friederike I. Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Trait Marker ◽  
Global Brain

AbstractBackgroundResting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have identified functional connectivity patterns associated with acute undernutrition in anorexia nervosa (AN), but few have investigated recovered patients. Thus, a trait connectivity profile characteristic of the disorder remains elusive. Using state-of-the-art graph–theoretic methods in acute AN, the authors previously found abnormal global brain network architecture, possibly driven by local network alterations. To disentangle trait from starvation effects, the present study examines network organization in recovered patients.MethodsGraph–theoretic metrics were used to assess resting-state network properties in a large sample of female patients recovered from AN (recAN, n = 55) compared with pairwise age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 55).ResultsIndicative of an altered global network structure, recAN showed increased assortativity and reduced global clustering as well as small-worldness compared with HC, while no group differences at an intermediate or local network level were evident. However, using support-vector classifier on local metrics, recAN and HC could be separated with an accuracy of 70.4%.ConclusionsThis pattern of results suggests that long-term recovered patients have an aberrant global brain network configuration, similar to acutely underweight patients. While the finding of increased assortativity may represent a trait marker of AN, the remaining findings could be seen as a scar following prolonged undernutrition.

scholarly journals The Deficits of Individual Morphological Covariance Network Architecture in Schizophrenia Patients With and Without Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danlin Shen ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Jianmei Liu ◽  
Yi Liao ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a significant increase in the risk of violence, which constitutes a public health concern and contributes to stigma associated with mental illness. Although previous studies revealed structural and functional abnormalities in individuals with violent schizophrenia (VSZ), the neural basis of psychotic violence remains controversial.Methods: In this study, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 18 individuals with VSZ, 23 individuals with non-VSZ (NSZ), and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Whole-brain voxel-based morphology and individual morphological covariance networks were analysed to reveal differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and individual morphological covariance network topology. Relationships among abnormal GMV, network topology, and clinical assessments were examined using correlation analyses.Results: GMV in the hypothalamus gradually decreased from HCs and NSZ to VSZ and showed significant differences between all pairs of groups. Graph theory analyses revealed that morphological covariance networks of HCs, NSZ, and VSZ exhibited small worldness. Significant differences in network topology measures, including global efficiency, shortest path length, and nodal degree, were found. Furthermore, changes in GMV and network topology were closely related to clinical performance in the NSZ and VSZ groups.Conclusions: These findings revealed the important role of local structural abnormalities of the hypothalamus and global network topological impairments in the neuropathology of NSZ and VSZ, providing new insight into the neural basis of and markers for VSZ and NSZ to facilitate future accurate clinical diagnosis and targeted treatment.

Functional Connectivity of Reward Circuits in Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S36-S36
Author(s):  
A. Favaro ◽  
P. Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectiveAnorexia nervosa display alterations of reward systems and some authors hypothesize the presence of a “starvation addiction”. The aim of the study is to explore the resting-state functional connectivity of dorsal and ventral striatal nuclei.Method51 subjects with lifetime anorexia nervosa (AN) (35 acute and 16 recovered) and 34 healthy controls underwent high resolution and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe AN group showed a reduced functional connectivity of the putamen in comparison to healthy women and this reduction appeared to be stronger in patients with lifetime binge eating or purging. Both acute and recovered AN groups showed larger left accumbens area in comparison to healthy women. Moreover, the functional connectivity of bilateral nucleus accumbens and putamen showed significant negative correlations with the number of obstetric complications in the AN group.Discussionthe present study supports the hypothesis that AN is associated with structural and functional alterations of striatal networks and unveils a possible role of obstetric complications in the pathogenesis of striatal dysfunction.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Role of Three-Dimensional Imaging in Evaluation of the Sinonasal Mass

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Sue Yon Shim ◽  
Ki Joon Sung ◽  
Young Ju Kim ◽  
In Soo Hong ◽  
Myung Soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Sinonasal Mass

Homogenization and Mass Identity vs. Individual Identity. An Analysis in the Light of the Theory of “The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Miriam Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
The Media

This study tests some hypotheses included in the psycho-social-communicational paradigm, which emphasizes the cognitive effects of the media and the role of the psychosocial subject as the recipient

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