scholarly journals The Clinical Use of Vernier Acuity: Resolution of the Visual Cortex Is More Than Meets the Eye

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L. Hu ◽  
Lauren N. Ayton ◽  
Jasleen K. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Visual Function ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vernier Acuity ◽  
Optical Media ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Media Opacities ◽  
A Current

Vernier acuity measures the ability to detect a misalignment or positional offset between visual stimuli, for example between two vertical lines when reading a vernier scale. It is considered a form of visual hyperacuity due to its detectable thresholds being considerably smaller than the diameter of a foveal cone receptor, which limits the spatial resolution of classical visual acuity. Vernier acuity relies heavily on cortical processing and is minimally affected by optical media factors, making it a useful indicator of cortical visual function. Vernier acuity can be measured, usually in seconds of arc, by freely available automated online tools as well as via analysis of steady state visual-evoked potentials, which allows measurement in non- or pre-verbal subjects such as infants. Although not routinely measured in clinical practice, vernier acuity is known to be reduced in amblyopia, glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa, and has been explored as a measure of retinal or neural visual function in the presence of optical media opacities. Current clinical utility includes a home-based vernier acuity tool, preferential hyperacuity perimetry, which is used for screening for choroidal neovascularisation in age-related macular degeneration. This review will discuss the measurement of vernier acuity, provide a current understanding of its neuro-ophthalmic mechanisms, and finally explore its utility through a clinical lens, along with our recommendations for best practice.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of Visual Function in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration at 12 Months

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 637-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tammy Hsu ◽  
Atalie C. Thompson ◽  
Sandra S. Stinnett ◽  
Ulrich F.O. Luhmann ◽  
Lejla Vajzovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals CIB2 regulates mTORC1 signaling and is essential for autophagy and visual function

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saumil Sethna ◽  
Patrick A. Scott ◽  
Arnaud P. J. Giese ◽  
Todd Duncan ◽  
Xiaoying Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Marked Accumulation

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Although molecular mechanisms remain elusive, deficits in autophagy have been associated with AMD. Here we show that deficiency of calcium and integrin binding protein 2 (CIB2) in mice, leads to age-related pathologies, including sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits, marked accumulation of drusen markers APOE, C3, Aβ, and esterified cholesterol, and impaired visual function, which can be rescued using exogenous retinoids. Cib2 mutant mice exhibit reduced lysosomal capacity and autophagic clearance, and increased mTORC1 signaling—a negative regulator of autophagy. We observe concordant molecular deficits in dry-AMD RPE/choroid post-mortem human tissues. Mechanistically, CIB2 negatively regulates mTORC1 by preferentially binding to ‘nucleotide empty’ or inactive GDP-loaded Rheb. Upregulated mTORC1 signaling has been implicated in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) cancer. Over-expressing CIB2 in LAM patient-derived fibroblasts downregulates hyperactive mTORC1 signaling. Thus, our findings have significant implications for treatment of AMD and other mTORC1 hyperactivity-associated disorders.

Relative Effects of Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Peripheral Visual Function

1997 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN HOLOPIGIAN ◽  
WILLIAM SEIPLE ◽  
VIVIENNE GREENSTEIN ◽  
DANIEL KIM ◽  
RONALD E. CARR
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Application of 25-National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in ophthalmological patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Luciano Mesquite Simmo ◽  
Carissa Fouad Ibrahim ◽  
Senice Alvarenga Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Thai Nunes Andrade ◽  
Doora Faleiros Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Function ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visual Function Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To compare the vision-targeted health related quality of life (HRQOL) between neuro-ophthalmological patients and other eye diseases by the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire. Methods: Cross sectional study with a control group and patients with the following pathologies: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), intracranial hypertension (IH), optic neuritis (ON), ptosis and cataract. Results: All comparisons of the subscales scores among the control group and the patient groups were statistically significant (p<0.05) except for “ocular pain” (p=0.160), “social functioning” (p=0.052) and “peripheral vision” (p=0.112). The control group had the best scores across all dimensions of the NEI VFQ-25. Interestingly, the ARMD and cataract groups presented the best and worst total scores of NEI VFQ-25, respectively. The lowest subscales scores were found in the cataract, in the NAION/ON, and in the POAG groups. Finally, the comparison between the NAION/ON/IH patients and the other eye diseases did not show statistical significance in any subscale. Conclusion: The NEI VFQ-25 showed the impact of various eye conditions in vision-targeted HRQOL, and no difference was measured between neuro-ophthalmological patients and other eye diseases

scholarly journals Targeting lateral inhibition to improve vision following macular degeneration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rizzi ◽  
K Powell ◽  
MR Robinson ◽  
T Matsuki ◽  
J Hoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Photoreceptor Degeneration ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Inhibitory Circuits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Developed World

AbstractMacular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Whilst most patients lose sight owing to atrophic changes, no treatments currently exist that improve the vision deficit due to atrophy. Here, we identify loss of lateral inhibition as a specific mechanism by which photoreceptor degeneration reduces visual function beyond the atrophic area. We find that this inhibition is adaptive, and that if modulated can improve visual function, making inhibitory circuits an unexpected therapeutic target for age related macular degeneration and related disorders.

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