Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with aging, is associated withincreased risk for several adverse health outcomes, including frailty, disability, falls, loss of independent living,and mortality. At present, no pharmacological treatment exists that is able to definitely halt the progression ofsarcopenia. Likewise, no pharmacological remedies are yet available to prevent the onset of age-related musclewasting. The combination of nutritional interventions and physical exercise appears to be the most effectivestrategy presently available for the management of sarcopenia. The purposes of this review are to summarize thecurrent knowledge on the role of nutrition as a countermeasure for sarcopenia, illustrate the mechanisms of actionof relevant dietary agents on the aging muscle, and introduce novel nutritional strategies that may help preservemuscle mass and function into old age. Issues related to the identification of the optimal timing of nutritionalinterventions in the context of primary and secondary prevention are also discussed. Finally, the prospect ofelaborating personalized dietary and physical exercise recommendations through the implementation ofintegrated, high-throughput analytic approaches is illustrated.