scholarly journals Functional Foods and Their Role in the Improvement of Health Status

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Miletić ◽  
Slađana Šobajić ◽  
Brižita Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
And Function ◽  
Disease Specific

Funkcionalna Hrana - Uloga U Unapređenju Zdravlja Funkcionalna hrana je hrana koja ima povoljan uticaj na ljudsko zdravlje mimo uobičajenih nutritivnih funkcija. Biološki aktivna jedinjenja su nosioci povoljnog dejstva funkcionalne hrane. Brojni naučni dokazi govore u prilog tome da je ishrana bogata pojedinim namirnicama (kao što su to na primer voće i povrće) direktno u vezi sa smanjenim rizikom od hroničnih, nezaraznih bolesti, tako da se na tim saznanjima razvio koncept funkcionalne hrane. Otkrivaju se funkcionalne osobine tradicionalnih namirnica, ali se dizajniraju i nove funkcionalne namirnice. Uobičajene izjave koje prate tu vrstu namirnica mogu se svrstati u dve kategorije: (1) izjave o odnosu strukture i funkcije (engl. Structure and function claims) moraju da budu istinite i da ne dovode u zabludu potrošača. Te izjave ne moraju da budu odobrene od strane FDA; (2) zdravstvene izjave (engl. Health claims ili disease-specific claims) moraju da budu autorizovane od strane FDA i da poseduju značajnu naučnu potvrdu (Hillovi kriterijumi). Neophodno je rangiranje dokaza različitih tipova studija koje podržavaju zdravstvenu izjavu. Veliki broj biološki aktivnih jedinjenja su nestabilna tokom tretmana i čuvanja. Ona podležu mnogobrojnim hemijskim reakcijama, kao što su to oksidacija, hidroliza, termička degradacija i Maillardova reakcija, što rezultira smanjenjem bioiskoristljivosti. Povoljan efekat biološki aktivnih jedinjenja direktno zavisi od primenjenog tretmana.

scholarly journals Subclinical alterations in left ventricular structure and function according to obesity and metabolic health status

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0222118
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jung Lee ◽  
Hack-Lyoung Kim ◽  
Woo-Hyun Lim ◽  
Jae-Bin Seo ◽  
Sang-Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Left Ventricular Structure ◽  
Ventricular Structure ◽  
And Function

Atrial Fibrillation in Aging and Frail Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailey J. Jansen ◽  
Motahareh Moghtadaei ◽  
Sara A. Rafferty ◽  
Robert A. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Atrial Function ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Atrial Fibrosis ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
P Wave Duration ◽  
And Function

Background: Atrial fibrillation is prevalent in aging populations; however, not all individuals age at the same rate. Rather, health status during aging can vary from fit to frail. Frailty can be quantified using a frailty index (FI). Natriuretic peptides modulate atrial function in part by activating NP (natriuretic peptide) receptor C (NPR-C). The impacts of NPR-C on atrial structure and arrhythmogenesis in aging and as a function of frailty are unknown. Methods: Frailty was measured in aging wildtype and NPR-C knockout (NPR-C − /− ) mice. Atrial structure and function were studied using intracardiac electrophysiology in anesthetized mice, high-resolution optical mapping in intact atrial preparations, histology, and molecular biology. Results: NPR-C −/− mice had a shortened lifespan and more rapidly became frail compared with wildtype mice. Atrial fibrillation burden and P wave duration were increased in older versus younger wildtype mice and further increased in older NPR-C −/− mice; however, there was substantial variability among age groups and genotypes. P wave duration was strongly correlated with FI score regardless of age or genotype. Optical mapping of the atria demonstrated reduced conduction velocity and changes in action potential duration that were also graded by FI score. Atrial fibrosis was increased in aged and NPR-C −/− mice and was strongly correlated with FI score. Atrial fibrosis was associated with changes in expression of profibrotic genes, including MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases), TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases), and TGFβ (transforming growth factor β). Gene expression changes were also correlated with FI scores. Conclusions: NPR-C plays an essential role in the aging-dependent decline in health status as well as alterations in atrial function and arrhythmogenesis. Frailty assessment is a highly effective approach for identifying age-dependent heterogeneity in atrial structure and function, including in the setting of shortened lifespan because of loss of NPR-C.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

Use of human autoantibodies and immunoelectron microscopy to study structure and function of the nucleolus and nuclear bodies

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
Robert L. Ochs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Interior ◽  
Coiled Bodies ◽  
Interchromatin Granules ◽  
And Function ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy ◽  
Perichromatin Granules ◽  
Perichromatin Fibrils

By conventional electron microscopy, the formed elements of the nuclear interior include the nucleolus, chromatin, interchromatin granules, perichromatin granules, perichromatin fibrils, and various types of nuclear bodies (Figs. 1a-c). Of these structures, all have been reasonably well characterized structurally and functionally except for nuclear bodies. The most common types of nuclear bodies are simple nuclear bodies and coiled bodies (Figs. 1a,c). Since nuclear bodies are small in size (0.2-1.0 μm in diameter) and infrequent in number, they are often overlooked or simply not observed in any random thin section. The rat liver hepatocyte in Fig. 1b is a case in point. Historically, nuclear bodies are more prominent in hyperactive cells, they often occur in proximity to nucleoli (Fig. 1c), and sometimes they are observed to “bud off” from the nucleolar surface.

Depletion and Reconstitution of Active E. Coli Ribosomes

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
And Function

Correlations between structure and function of biological macromolecules have been studied intensively for many years, mostly by indirect methods. High resolution electron microscopy is a unique tool which can provide such information directly by comparing the conformation of biopolymers in their biologically active and inactive state. We have correlated the structure and function of ribosomes, ribonucleoprotein particles which are the site of protein biosynthesis. 70S E. coli ribosomes, used in this experiment, are composed of two subunits - large (50S) and small (30S). The large subunit consists of 34 proteins and two different ribonucleic acid molecules. The small subunit contains 21 proteins and one RNA molecule. All proteins (with the exception of L7 and L12) are present in one copy per ribosome.This study deals with the changes in the fine structure of E. coli ribosomes depleted of proteins L7 and L12. These proteins are unique in many aspects.

The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽  
Mahalakshmi Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

Structure and function in the spermatozoon of Bacillus rossiusThe spermatozoon of arthropoda. XIX

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-21012) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B BACCETTI ◽  
A BURRINI ◽  
R DALLAI ◽  
V PALLINI ◽  
P PERITI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function
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