scholarly journals The Influence of Articulatory Suppression on Reading Among Chinese Children With Developmental Dyslexia: An Eye-Movement Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhong Li ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
Buyun Liu ◽  
Jinxin Zhang ◽  
Jingwen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Phonological Loop ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Movement Parameters

Objective: The study aimed to examine how the phonological loop influences reading ability and processing in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia (DD).Methods: This study included 30 children with DD and 37 children without DD. Two types of articles (i.e., scenery prose and narrative story) and two conditions (under the conditions of articulatory-suppression and silent reading) were applied. An eye-link II High-Speed Eye Tracker was used to track a series of eye-movement parameters. The data were analyzed by the linear Mixed-Effects model.Results: Compared with children without DD, Children with DD had lower reading achievement (RA), frequency of saccades (FS) and frequency of fixations (FF), longer reading time (RT) and average fixation duration (AFD), slower reading speed (RS), shorter average saccade amplitude (ASA) and fixation distance (FD), more number of fixations (NF), and number of saccades (NS). There were significant interactions between participant group and articulatory suppression on RT and FD. We also observed interaction effects between article types and articulatory suppression on RA, AFD, ASA, and FS.Conclusion: Children DD exhibit abnormal phonological loop and eye movements while reading. The role of articulatory suppression on reading varies with the presentation of DD and the article type.

scholarly journals The Influence of Articulatory Suppression on Reading Among Chinese Children with Developmental Dyslexia: An Eye-Movement and Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhong Li ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
Buyun Liu ◽  
Jinxin Zhang ◽  
Jingwen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Phonological Loop ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Core Deficit

Abstract Background: In Western countries, phonological processing deficit was regard as a core deficit in developmental dyslexia (DD). As Chinese is a logographic language, it’s still controversial whether and how the articulatory suppression influences reading ability and processing of Chinese children with DD. The study aimed to examine how the phonological loop influences reading ability and processing in Chinese children with DD.Methods: This study included 30 children with DD and 37 children without DD. Two types of articles (i.e., scenery prose and narrative story) and two conditions (under the conditions of articulatory-suppression and silent reading) were applied. An eye-link II High-Speed Eye Tracker was used to track a series of eye-movement parameters. The data was analyzed by the linear Mixed-Effects model. Results: Compared with children without DD, Children with DD had lower reading achievement (RA), frequency of saccades (FS) and frequency of fixations (FF), longer reading time (RT) and average fixation duration (AFD), slower reading speed (RS), shorter average saccade amplitude (ASA) and fixation distance (FD), more number of fixations (NF) and number of saccades (NS). There were significant interactions between participant group and articulatory suppression on RT and FD. We also observed interaction effects between article types and articulatory suppression on RA, AFD, ASA, and FS.Conclusion: Children DD exhibit abnormal phonological loop and eye movements while reading. The role of the articulatory suppression on reading varies with the presentation of DD and the article type.

scholarly journals Evidence from ERP and Eye Movements as Markers of Language Dysfunction in Dyslexia

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Premeti ◽  
Maria Pia Bucci ◽  
Frédéric Isel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading disorder involving genetic and environmental factors. After more than a century of research, its etiology remains debated. Two hypotheses are often put forward by scholars to account for the causes of dyslexia. The most common one, the linguistic hypothesis, postulates that dyslexia is due to poor phonological awareness. The alternative hypothesis considers that dyslexia is caused by visual-attentional deficits and abnormal eye movement patterns. This article reviews a series of selected event-related brain potential (ERP) and eye movement studies on the reading ability of dyslexic individuals to provide an informed state of knowledge on the etiology of dyslexia. Our purpose is to show that the two abovementioned hypotheses are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and that dyslexia should rather be considered as a multifactorial deficit.

scholarly journals Understanding the use of eye-tracking recordings to measure and classify reading ability in elementary children school

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Karim Fayed ◽  
Birgit Franken ◽  
Kay Berkling
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
After School ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Eu Project

The iRead EU Project has released literacy games for Spanish, German, Greek, and English for L1 and L2 acquisition. In order to understand the impact of these games on reading skills for L1 German pupils, the authors employed an eye-tracking recording of pupils’ readings on a weekly basis as part of an after-school reading club. This work seeks to first understand how to interpret the eye-tracker data for such a study. Five pupils participated in the project and read short texts over the course of five weeks. The resulting data set was extensive enough to perform preliminary analysis on how to use the eye-tracking data to provide information on skill acquisition looking at pupils’ reading accuracy and speed. Given our set-up, we can show that the eye-tracker is accurate enough to measure relative reading speed between long and short vowels for selected 2-syllable words. As a result, eye-tracking data can visualize three different types of beginning readers: memorizers, pattern learners, and those with reading problems.

Online Removal of Eye Movement and Blink EEG Artifacts Using a High-Speed Eye Tracker

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 2103-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Noureddin ◽  
P. D. Lawrence ◽  
G. E. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Eeg Artifacts

scholarly journals Ocular Motor Behavior Monitor in Intermittent Exotropia by Eye Tracker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Cai ◽  
Zidong Chen ◽  
Yanping Liu ◽  
Zitian Liu ◽  
Daming Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deviation Degree

Abstract Purpose: Eye movement in intermittent exotropia (IXT) patients is characterized by viability and uncertainty, however, conventional strabismus inspection methods cannot reflect these important qualities. Here, we sought to study the ocular motor behavior of IXT under different viewing conditions by eye tracker.Methods: Sixty-one IXT patients (33 males and 28 females) and 15 age-matched control participants were recruited for this study. An eye tracker equipped with a high-speed camera and MATLAB software was employed to monitor and record eye movement as well as eye position in included subjects with 3D shutter glasses at a normal reading distance (57 cm).Results: By using an eye tracker, our data showed that 90% of the included IXT patients lost their control and showed exotropia in 1.5±2.1s. The average deviation degree measured by the eye tracker was 32.9±11.5△, ranging from 6 to 50△, and reached its maximum deviation degree at 36.9±12.4△, with a mean time of 2±1.5s. Although a significant difference exists in the strabismus quantification between the prism test and the eye tracker, the test results obtained from these two methods were positively correlated. Moreover, by using the eye tracker, the fixation instability of IXT patients could be easily recorded and analyzed. In addition, the included IXT patients were divided into three types according to their ocular motor behavior as monitored by an eye tracker.Conclusion: Eye trackers could not only provide continuous, precise and effective strabismus assessments but also analyze ocular motor behavior over a period of time in IXT patients.

scholarly journals Reduced Visual Magnocellular Event-Related Potentials in Developmental Dyslexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
John Stein
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Hemifields ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

(1) Background—the magnocellular hypothesis proposes that impaired development of the visual timing systems in the brain that are mediated by magnocellular (M-) neurons is a major cause of dyslexia. Their function can now be assessed quite easily by analysing averaged visually evoked event-related potentials (VERPs) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Such analysis might provide a useful, objective biomarker for diagnosing developmental dyslexia. (2) Methods—in adult dyslexics and normally reading controls, we recorded steady state VERPs, and their frequency content was computed using the fast Fourier transform. The visual stimulus was a black and white checker board whose checks reversed contrast every 100 ms. M- cells respond to this stimulus mainly at 10 Hz, whereas parvocells (P-) do so at 5 Hz. Left and right visual hemifields were stimulated separately in some subjects to see if there were latency differences between the M- inputs to the right vs. left hemispheres, and these were compared with the subjects’ handedness. (3) Results—Controls demonstrated a larger 10 Hz than 5 Hz fundamental peak in the spectra, whereas the dyslexics showed the reverse pattern. The ratio of subjects’ 10/5 Hz amplitudes predicted their reading ability. The latency of the 10 Hz peak was shorter during left than during right hemifield stimulation, and shorter in controls than in dyslexics. The latter correlated weakly with their handedness. (4) Conclusion—Steady state visual ERPs may conveniently be used to identify developmental dyslexia. However, due to the limited numbers of subjects in each sub-study, these results need confirmation.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

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