scholarly journals Parental Feeding Styles and Their Association With Complementary Feeding Practices and Growth in Mexican Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Y. Kim-Herrera ◽  
Ivonne Ramírez-Silva ◽  
Guadalupe Rodríguez-Oliveros ◽  
Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo ◽  
Marcela Sánchez-Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Parental Responsiveness ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Z Scores

Background: Complementary feeding practices and corresponding parental feeding styles influence nutritional status in later stages of childhood. Findings on the association of these variables with infant growth remain inconsistent; in Mexico, a research gap exists in this area.Research Aims: (1) To characterize parental feeding styles and complementary feeding practices, and (2) to evaluate the association of parental feeding styles with complementary feeding practices and infant growth at 6 and 9 months of age.Methods: Data were collected from a prospective Mexican birth cohort. Parental feeding styles, complementary feeding practices, and anthropometric data from 263 to 234 mother-child pairs (infants of 6 and 9 months of age, respectively) were analyzed. Logistic and linear regression models were used to determine the associations between variables.Results: The predominant parental feeding style was the “responsive style” (90%). Only 43.7 and 8.1% of 6- and 9-month-old infants, had adequate complementary feeding practices, respectively. At 6 months, mothers who were responsive to satiety signals had 11% lesser possibilities (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.80, 0.98]) of their infant having inadequate complementary feeding practices than their counterparts and “pressuring to finish” and “pressuring to eat cereal” sub-constructs were associated with lower weight for length and body mass index Z-scores (p = 0.02).Conclusions: A high proportion of infants (>40%) did not meet international recommendations. The “pressuring” parental feeding style sub-constructs were associated with growth indicators in 6-month old infants. This emphasizes the importance of promoting parental responsiveness to infant appetite and satiety signals to achieving adequate complementary feeding practices.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Feeding Styles and BMI Z-score in Infants (P11-014-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrik Khalsa ◽  
Kristen Copeland ◽  
Roohi Kharofa ◽  
Sheela Geraghty ◽  
Thomas DeWitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between infant feeding styles (the attitudes and behaviors parents use to direct their child's eating) and infant BMI z-score in a low-income, predominately non-Hispanic Black population. Methods Parent-infant dyads were recruited during the infant's 6, 9, or 12 month well-child visits from two urban primary care clinics that primarily serve a Medicaid population (89%). Feeding styles were measured using the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire (IFSQ) and categorized into: pressuring, restrictive, responsive, or laissez-faire. Predominant feeding style was defined by selecting the style with the greatest deviation from the mean score of each style. Infant anthropometrics were extracted from the electronic medical record from birth through 18 months. Infant BMI z-scores were calculated based on WHO growth charts. Associations between feeding styles and BMI z-scores were examined using mixed models controlling for multiple measures per person, demographics and feeding covariates. Results Data from 198 dyads were analyzed for this study (Table 1). Parents identified as mothers (n = 196), non-Hispanic Black (n = 136), with a median age of 27 years (IQR 23.0 – 30.0). Half the infants were male (n = 99) with a median age at enrollment of 8.98 months [IQR 6.8-10.3]. Parent's predominant feeding style were (in descending order): Laissez-faire: 30%; Restrictive: 28%; Responsive: 23%; and Pressuring: 19%. Predominant feeding style at enrollment was not associated with BMI z-score between 0–18 months, but there was a significant sex differences in BMI z-score for the Laissez-faire and Restrictive feeding styles (Figure 1). Additionally, parents with higher education and a predominately Restrictive feeding style had children with higher BMI z-scores whereas parents with higher education and a Laissez-faire or Pressuring feeding style had children with lower BMI z-score (Figure 2). Conclusions Parent's predominant feeding style during infancy in a low-income population is not associated with infant's BMI in the first two years of life, but some styles demonstrate differences by sex or parental education. Further studies are needed to better understand the modifiable factors for increased BMI in the first 2 years. Funding Sources NIH T32 Institutional grant. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Maternal visual perception of children’s nutritional status and feeding style

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-8
Author(s):  
Ikromi Dalimunthe ◽  
Tiangsa Sembiring ◽  
Rita Evalina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Graphic Artist ◽  
Parental Feeding

Background Mothers’ visual perception is an important determinant for their children’s nutritional status. Visual perception of their children’s nutritional status is believed to drive mothers to modify or apply certain feeding styles, which influence the probability of either optimal growth or malnutrition. Objective To determine if maternal visual perception of children’s nutritional status influences maternal feeding style. Methods The study was conducted in 3 kindergartens in Medan, North Sumatera, involving children aged 4-5 years and their mothers. Mothers filled three-part questionnaires, consisting of basic information, a series of body image sketches by a graphic artist to assess maternal visual perception, and the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire (PFSQ) to assess maternal feeding style. Children’s body heights and weights were measured to assess their nutritional status. Results A total of 102 subjects were eligible for this study. Surprisingly, more than half of the mothers involved in our study misinterpreted their children nutritional status. Thus, there was no significant relationship between maternal visual perception, nor maternal misperception, and maternal feeding style. In fact, mothers tended to encourage their children to eat when they considered their children to have normal nutritional status. Conclusion Mothers’ visual perception does not influence feeding practice.

scholarly journals Parents’ Feeding Style on the Adequacy of Energy and Protein in Children with Stunted Nutritional Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 04027
Author(s):  
Puji Afiatna ◽  
Sugeng Maryanto
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Quality Of Food

Stunting in children occurs within a certain time; its incidence is closely related to the quantity and quality of food intake, especially the adequacy of energy and protein. Parents with various models of feeding style influence the fulfilment of food intake in children. This study was conducted to analyze the correlation of feeding style with adequate energy and protein levels in stunted children aged 6-9 years. The design in this study was cross-sectional in 91 stunted children aged 6-9 years at West Ungaran, Semarang, who was selected by consecutive sampling. The data was collected using anthropometric measurements and parental feeding style, and the data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test. Parents feeding style was authoritative (37.2%), authoritarian (13.2%), permissive (20.9%), and neglect (28.6%). The highest energy adequacy level in children was found in parents with neglect feeding style in the deficit category (73.1%). Children’s highest protein adequacy level was found in parents with authoritative feeding styles, in the over the category (50.0%). Parental feeding style correlated with the adequacy of energy and protein levels in children and impacted the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-9 years.

scholarly journals Parental considerations during complementary feeding in higher income countries: a systematic review of qualitative evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Eleni Spyreli ◽  
Michelle C. McKinley ◽  
Moira Dean
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Parental Experiences ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Abstract Objective Worldwide data suggest a clash between parental complementary feeding practices and recommendations. Understanding the circumstances under which parents form their feeding practices is a crucial step to improve such practices. This paper aimed to systematically review the existing qualitative literature and synthesise the factors that parents take into consideration in relation to complementary feeding. Design A systematic review was undertaken. Four electronic databases were searched for qualitative studies published after 2001 exploring parental experiences during complementary feeding. A framework that included authors’ outcomes of interest was used to extract and synthesise study findings. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were used to critically assess the included studies. Setting Upper-middle- and high-income countries. Participants Parents with a child below the age of 3 years. Results A total of 47 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. The themes were organised into three main categories: 1) factors related to introduction of complementary foods; 2) factors related to the type of complementary foods; and 3) factors related to both timing and type. The selected literature highlights: prevalent baby cues that prompt parents to introduce solid foods; parents’ views on the recommended timing of complementary feeding; factors that drive the choice of complementary foods; and perceived value in advice received from health professionals and grandmothers. Conclusions This systematic review indicates factors that can be barriers to complying with the complementary feeding guidelines and therefore, its findings are pertinent to improving parental feeding practices through intervention studies and through infant feeding education in a primary care setting. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42017067091

scholarly journals Associations of parental feeding styles with child snacking behaviour and weight in the context of general parenting

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Rodenburg ◽  
Stef PJ Kremers ◽  
Anke Oenema ◽  
Dike van de Mheen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Child Bmi ◽  
General Parenting

AbstractObjectiveTo examine cross-sectional and longitudinal (one-year follow-up) associations of parental feeding styles with child snacking behaviour and weight in the context of general parenting, taking into account the multidimensionality of the controlling feeding style.DesignLinear regression analyses were performed. Parents completed a questionnaire to measure five feeding style dimensions (Instrumental Feeding, Emotional Feeding, Encouragement, Overt Control and Covert Control) and children's fruit, energy-dense snack and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes. Children's height and weight were measured to calculate their BMI Z-scores. Moderation by parenting style was tested by adding interaction terms to the regression analyses.SettingObservational study in the Netherlands.SubjectsParent–child dyads (n 1275) participating in the INPACT (IVO Nutrition and Physical Activity Child cohorT) study; children were (on average) 9 years of age.ResultsInstrumental Feeding and Emotional Feeding were negatively related to child fruit intake one year later and positively to (changes in) child energy-dense snack intake. Encouragement was negatively related to child energy-dense snacking and SSB intake one year later. Overt Control was cross-sectionally and prospectively related to (changes in) child energy-dense snacking and SSB intake in a negative direction. Covert Control showed similar associations with child energy-dense snacking and SSB intake as Overt Control. Although Covert Control was also positively related to child fruit intake and (changes in) child BMI Z-score, bootstrapping analyses revealed only a differential effect of Overt Control and Covert Control on child BMI Z-score one year later, with Covert Control displaying a stronger, positive association. Moderation analyses showed that some significant associations between parental feeding styles and outcome measures were dependent on the degree of psychological control and behavioural control.ConclusionsInstrumental Feeding and Emotional Feeding may have a detrimental impact on children's snacking behaviour, while Encouragement, Overt Control and Covert Control may lead to less energy-dense snacking and less SSB intake. Overt Control and Covert Control have differential effects on child BMI Z-score one year later, which supports the idea that they should be treated as separate constructs. Prospective studies with a longer follow-up may elucidate the causal pathways between the various feeding styles and children's snacking behaviour and weight, as well as the moderating influences of psychological and behavioural control.

scholarly journals Maternal feeding style and child weight status among Hispanic families with low-income levels: a longitudinal study of the direction of effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl O. Hughes ◽  
Thomas G. Power ◽  
Teresia M. O’Connor ◽  
Jennifer O. Fisher ◽  
Nilda E. Micheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Direction Of Effects ◽  
Child Eating ◽  
Child Eating Behaviors ◽  
Child Bmi

Abstract Background The home environment is a central and modifiable influence on the development of childhood obesity. Evidence supports the central role of parents in shaping problematic child eating behaviors and excess weight. Most studies of feeding emphasize parent-driven influences without taking into account the child’s role in eating interactions. Few studies have addressed the bi-directional nature of feeding dynamics in studies of young children. Methods The goals of this study were: 1) to examine if parental feeding styles during preschool (4–5 years) predict child weight status at 7–9 years, and 2) to examine the direction of effects between parental feeding styles and child weight status over time. Participants were part of a larger longitudinal study of Hispanic Head Start families living in the West South Central United States. Data from mother/child dyads were collected at three time points: Time 1 (ages 4–5), Time 2 (ages 5 ½-6 ½), and at Time 3 (ages 7–9). Only data from the Times 1 and 3 were used in the current analyses. A total of 128 mothers and their children had data on all variables needed for the analyses. Assessments included parent-reported feeding styles, feeding practices, acculturation, child eating behaviors, and child height and weight. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the first aim; a cross-lagged panel analysis examined the second aim. Results An indulgent parental feeding style at ages 4–5 was associated with increased child BMI z-score at ages 7–9. Indulgent feeding significantly contributed to child BMI z-score beyond demographics, baseline child BMI z-score, parental acculturation, and child eating behaviors. Regarding the direction of effects in parental feeding interactions, the cross-lagged analyses showed that both indulgent feeding style and authoritative feeding style at Time 1 positively predicted child BMI z-scores at Time 3. Child effects were significant as well. Child BMI z-score at Time 1 positively predicted indulgent feeding and negatively predicted authoritarian feeding at Time 3. Conclusions Indulgent feeding should be addressed in future family-focused childhood obesity initiatives focused on young children and their parents.

scholarly journals Poor breastfeeding, complementary feeding and Dietary Diversity in children and their relationship with stunting in rural communities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Zaragoza Cortes ◽  
Luis Eduardo Trejo Osti ◽  
Moisés Ocampo Torres ◽  
Laura Maldonado Vargas ◽  
Alicia Arminda Ortiz Gress
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Common Manifestation

Introduction: Stunted growth is the most common manifestation of malnutrition in México. Breastfeeding, adequate introduction of complementary feeding and Dietary Diversity can avoid this.Objective: Characterize the feeding practices in children 1–24 months of age in rural communities of Hidalgo and define their relationship with stunting.Methods: A 24-hour recall was used to obtain information. Z-scores for length-for-age (ZLA), Complementary Feeding (CF) and minimal dietary diversity (MDD) were determined. The sample was divided into breastfed and not breastfed childrenResults: One hundred eighty nine mother-child dyads were evaluated; 59.3% were breastfed and 40.7% were not. Stunting was found in 10.1% and was identified starting at the fourth month of life. This was accompanied by early CF close to the third month (57.0%) and by a reduction in exclusive breastfeeding during the second month of life to only 30%. The proportion of not breastfed children with stunting (27.5%) was almost twice that of breastfed children (12.0%) (p<0.03). By age, mean ZLA was different with a trend towards stunting increasing with age (p<0.05): 1-6 months −0.463 ± 1.445; 7-12 months −0.669 ± 1.225; and 13-24 months −0.985 ± 0.917. MDD was greater in not breastfed children (69.7%) (p<0.04) and by age greater in children 13-24 months (69.7%) (p<0.02).Conclusions: The feeding practices of most mothers did not meet WHO recommendations. It is necessary to carry out nutrition education interventions aimed at mothers in rural population. 

scholarly journals Complementary Feeding Practices and Child Growth in a Region with a High Burden of Child Undernutrition in Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 891-891
Author(s):  
Hasina Rakotomanana ◽  
Deana Hildebrand ◽  
Gail Gates ◽  
David Thomas ◽  
Barbara Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Child Undernutrition

Abstract Objectives The Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar has the highest stunting rates of the country, yet it is one of most agriculturally productive regions. The purpose of this study was to assess maternal complementary feeding practices and their association with child growth. Methods Data from a cross-sectional study of 391 mothers and their infants aged 6–23 months were analyzed. The WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators were used to assess complementary feeding practices. A questionnaire for collection of sociodemographic information and 24-hour dietary recall was translated and pre-tested before data collection. Child length and weight were converted to length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) using the 2006 WHO Growth Standards. Linear regression models were conducted while adjusting for survey design and confounding variables. Results Stunting (69.4%) and undernutrition (23.4%) rates were very high. The proportion of children achieving minimum dietary diversity (35.8%), minimum acceptable diet (30.2%) and consuming flesh foods (14.1%) were low. Higher dietary diversity score was associated with increased LAZ [β = 0.2, P &lt; 0.05, R2 = 0.16] in 9–11 months infants only. Consuming flesh foods was associated only with higher WAZ [β = 0.41, P &lt; 0.01, R,2 = 0.10]. None of the indicators were associated with WLZ. Conclusions Complementary feeding practices were suboptimal in the Vakinankaratra region. Although crucial for optimal growth, improving feeding practices alone may not be sufficient to reduce the high prevalence of child undernutrition in the region. Funding Sources This study was funded by the Marilynn Thoma Chair in Human Sciences at Oklahoma State University.

scholarly journals Complementary feeding practices and their association with adiposity indicators at 12 months of age

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ameyalli M. Rodríguez-Cano ◽  
Jennifer Mier-Cabrera ◽  
Carolina Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Ana L Allegre-Dávalos ◽  
Cinthya Muñoz-Manrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Added Sugars

Abstract Nutrition during the first 1000 days of life represents a window of opportunity to reduce the risk of metabolic dysfunctions later in life. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and adequate introduction of solid foods are essential to promote metabolic and nutritional benefits. We evaluated the association of infant feeding practices from birth to 6 months (M) with adiposity indicators at 12 M. We performed a secondary analysis of 106 healthy term infants born from a cohort of healthy pregnant women. Type of breastfeeding (exclusive or nonexclusive), the start of complementary feeding (CF) (before (<4 M) or after (≥4 M)), and adiposity (body mass index – BMI, body mass index-for-age – BMI/A, waist circumference – WC, and waist circumference–length ratio – WLR) were evaluated at 12 M using descriptive statistics, mean differences, X2, and linear regression models. During the first 6 M, 28.3% (n = 30) of the infants received EBF. Early CF (<4 M) was present in 26.4% (n = 28) of the infants. Children who started CF < 4 M were less breastfed, received added sugars as the most frequently introduced food category, and showed higher BMI, BMI/A, WC, and WLR; those who consumed added sugars early (<4 M) had a higher WC. Starting CF < 4 M was the main factor associated with a higher WC at 12 M. Unhealthy infant feeding practices, such as lack of EBF, early CF, and early introduction of sugars, may be associated with higher adiposity at 12 M.

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