scholarly journals Effectiveness of Trainings of General Practitioners on Antibiotic Stewardship: Methods of a Pragmatic Quasi-Experimental Study in a Controlled Before-After Design in South-East-Lower Saxony, Germany (WASA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gornyk ◽  
Martina Scharlach ◽  
Brigitte Buhr-Riehm ◽  
Carolina Judith Klett-Tammen ◽  
Sveja Eberhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Antibiotic Management ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to global public health. It reduces the effectiveness of treatments for serious bacterial infections and thus increases the risk of fatal outcomes. Antibiotic prescriptions are often not in line with clinical evidence-based guidelines. The process of emergence of resistant bacteria can be slowed down by adherence to guidelines. Yet this adherence seems to be lacking in primary health care.Methods and Analysis: This pragmatic quasi-experimental study using a controlled before-after design was carried out in South-East-Lower Saxony in 2018–2020. The voluntary attendance of interactive trainings with condensed presentation of current guidelines for general practitioners (GP) on antibiotic management for urinary and respiratory tract infections is regarded as intervention. Those GP not attending the trainings constitute the control group. Data were collected via questionnaires; routine health records are provided by a statutory health insurance. The primary outcome is the proportion of (guideline-based) prescriptions in relation to the relevant ICD-10 codes as well as daily defined doses and the difference in proportion of certain prescriptions according to guidelines before and after the intervention as compared to the control group. Further outcomes are among others the subjectively perceived risk of antibiotic resistance and the attitude toward the guidelines. The questionnaires to assess this are based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) and health action process approach (HAPA). Variations over time and effects caused by measures other than WASA (Wirksamkeit von Antibiotika-Schulungen in der niedergelassenen Aerzteschaft-Effectiveness of antibiotic management training in the primary health care sector) training are taken into account by including the control group and applying interrupted time series analysis.Ethics and Dissemination: The study protocol and the data protection concept respectively were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hannover Medical School and the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information.Trial Registration:https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00013951, identifier DRKS00013951.

The Impact of Primary Health Care on Tuberculosis: A Quasi-Experimental Study Based on a Nationwide Cohort of 7.3 Million Brazilians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela dos Santos de Jesus ◽  
Julia Moreira Pescarini ◽  
Andréa Silva ◽  
Ana Wieczorek Torrens ◽  
Elzo Pereira Pinto Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Student and preceptor perceptions of primary health care clinical placements during pre-service education: Qualitative results from a quasi-experimental study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semakaleng H. Phafoli ◽  
Alice Christensen-Majid ◽  
Laura Skolnik ◽  
Stephanie Reinhardt ◽  
Isabel Nyangu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Quasi Experimental

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrition Counseling Knowledge and Attitude Toward Mother breastfeeding and Baby Growth in Sub Lubuk Pakam

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herta Masthalina ◽  
Zein Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nutrition Counseling ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

AbstractTo implement exclusive breastfeeding program, breastfeeding mothers should have a good knowledge. One way to gain knowledge is by providing nutritional counseling. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition counseling toward exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status toward the knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding mothers in Lubuk Pakam Subdistrict Primary Health Care. This study was a quasi experimental with non-equivalent control group design. Samples of 60 mothers were divided into two groups that were 30 mothers who received intensive nutrition counseling at the intervention group inLubuk Pakam Primary Health Care work area and 30 mothers at control group in Tanjung Morawa Primary Health Care work area. The intervention group was given nutrition counseling intervention for three months provided in three sessions. The study was conducted in March-August 2016. The statistical analysis used t-test. The results showed that before intervention, knowledge and attitude in both groups did not differ consecutively with p value = 0.290 and p value = 0.658, after intervention both knowledge and behavior were significantly different p value = 0.000. While the average weight gain in infants in the first month was 1.25 kg in intervention group, 1.19 kg in control group , and in the second month was 1,44 kg in intervention group and 1 kg in control group. Paired tests show that there is effect of nutritional counseling toward knowledge and attitude in the intervention group.AbstrakUntuk dapat menjalankan program ASI eksklusif, ibu menyusui harus memiliki pengetahuan yang baik. Salah satu cara dalam menambah pengetahuan yaitu dengan memberikan konseling gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konseling gizi tentang ASI eksklusif dan status gizi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu menyusui di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design. Sampel sejumlah 60 ibu dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok, yaitu 30 ibu yang diberikan konseling gizi intensif pada kelompok intervensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Pakam dan 30 ibu pada kelompok kontrol di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Morawa. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi konseling gizi selama tiga bulan yang diberikan sebanyak tiga sesi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum dilakukan intervensi pengetahuan dan sikap pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda secara berturut-turut dengan p=0.290 dan p=0.658, sedangkan setelah intervensi baik pengetahuan maupun perilaku berbeda secara signifikan dengan nilai p=0.000. Rata-rata kenaikan berat badan bayi pada bulan pertama pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 1,25 kg, kelompok kontrol sebesar 1,19 kg dan bulan kedua pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 1,44 dan kelompok kontrol 1 kg. Paired test yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap pada kelompok intervensi.

scholarly journals Scaling-up primary health care-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder at the municipal level in middle-income countries in Latin America: Background and pre-protocol for a three-country quasi-experimental study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Amy O'Donnell ◽  
Eileen Kaner ◽  
Antoni Gual ◽  
Bernd Schulte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background: While primary health care (PHC)-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is clinically effective and cost-effective, it remains poorly implemented in routine practice. Systematic reviews and multi-country studies have demonstrated the ability of training and support programmes to increase PHC-based screening and brief advice activity to reduce heavy drinking. However, gains have been only modest and short term at best. WHO studies have concluded that a more effective uptake could be achieved by embedding PHC activity within broader community and municipal support. Protocol: A quasi-experimental study will compare PHC-based prevention and management of AUD, operationalized by heavy drinking, in three intervention cities from Colombia, Mexico and Peru with three comparator cities from the same countries. In the implementation cities, primary health care units (PHCUs) will receive training embedded within ongoing supportive municipal action over an 18-month implementation period. In the comparator cities, practice as usual will continue at both municipal and PHCU levels. The primary outcome will be the proportion of consulting adult patients intervened with (screened and advice given to screen positives). The study is powered to detect a doubling of the outcome measure from an estimated 2.5/1,000 patients at baseline. Formal evaluation points will be at baseline, mid-point and end-point of the 18-month implementation period. We will present the ratio (plus 95% confidence interval) of the proportion of patients receiving intervention in the implementation cities with the proportions in the comparator cities. Full process evaluation will be undertaken, coupled with an analysis of potential contextual, financial and political-economy influencing factors. Discussion: This multi-country study will test the extent to which embedding PHC-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder with supportive municipal action leads to improved scale-up of more patients with heavy drinking receiving appropriate advice and treatment.

Yoga in primary health care: A quasi-experimental study to access the effects on quality of life and psychological distress

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B. Ponte ◽  
Carolina Lino ◽  
Bruno Tavares ◽  
Beatriz Amaral ◽  
Ana Luísa Bettencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Quasi Experimental

scholarly journals Scaling-up primary health care-based prevention and management of heavy drinking at the municipal level in middle-income countries in Latin America: Background and protocol for a three-country quasi-experimental study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Amy O'Donnell ◽  
Eileen Kaner ◽  
Antoni Gual ◽  
Bernd Schulte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background: While primary health care (PHC)-based prevention and management of heavy drinking is clinically effective and cost-effective, it remains poorly implemented in routine practice. Systematic reviews and multi-country studies have demonstrated the ability of training and support programmes to increase PHC-based screening and brief advice activity to reduce heavy drinking. However, gains have been only modest and short term at best. WHO studies have concluded that a more effective uptake could be achieved by embedding PHC activity within broader community and municipal support. Protocol: A quasi-experimental study will compare PHC-based prevention and management of heavy drinking in three intervention cities from Colombia, Mexico and Peru with three comparator cities from the same countries. In the implementation cities, primary health care units (PHCUs) will receive training embedded within ongoing supportive municipal action over an 18-month implementation period. In the comparator cities, practice as usual will continue at both municipal and PHCU levels. The primary outcome will be the proportion of consulting adult patients intervened with (screened and advice given to screen positives). The study is powered to detect a doubling of the outcome measure from an estimated 2.5/1,000 patients at baseline. Formal evaluation points will be at baseline, mid-point and end-point of the 18-month implementation period. We will present the ratio (plus 95% confidence interval) of the proportion of patients receiving intervention in the implementation cities with the proportions in the comparator cities. Full process evaluation will be undertaken, coupled with an analysis of potential contextual, financial and political-economy influencing factors. Discussion: This multi-country study will test the extent to which embedding PHC-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder with supportive municipal action leads to improved scale-up of more patients with heavy drinking receiving appropriate advice and treatment. Study status: The four-year study will start on 1st December 2017.

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