iTRAQ-Based Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Wing Dimorphism of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

SummaryWing dimorphisms have long served as models for examining the ecological and evolutionary tradeoffs associated with alternative morphologies [1], yet the mechanistic basis of morph determination remains largely unknown. Here we investigate the genetic basis of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) wing dimorphism, wherein males exhibit one of two alternative morphologies that differ dramatically in a set of correlated traits that inclused the presence or absence of wings [2-4]. Unlike the environmentally-induced asexual female aphid wing polyphenism [5], the male wing polymorphism is genetically determined by a single uncharacterized locus on the X chromosome called aphicarus (“aphid” plus “Icarus”, api) [6, 7]. Using recombination and association mapping, we localized api to a 130kb region of the pea aphid genome. No nonsynonymous variation in coding sequences strongly associated with the winged and wingless phenotypes, indicating that api is likely a regulatory change. Gene expression level profiling revealed an aphid-specific gene from the region expressed at higher levels in winged male embryos, coinciding with the expected stage of api action. Comparison of the api region across biotypes (pea aphid populations specialized to different host plants that began diverging ~16,000 years ago [8, 9]) revealed that the two alleles were likely present prior to biotype diversification. Moreover, we find evidence for a recent selective sweep of a wingless allele since the biotypes diversified. In sum, this study provides insight into how adaptive, complex traits evolve within and across natural populations.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Wing Polymorphism in Insects

Annual Review of Entomology ◽

10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-112448 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 297-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Chuan-Xi Zhang ◽

Jennifer A. Brisson ◽

Hai-Jun Xu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Environmental Cues ◽

Heterogeneous Environments ◽

Wing Dimorphism ◽

Wing Polymorphism ◽

Ecological Success ◽

Molecular Bases

Many insects are capable of developing into either long-winged or short-winged (or wingless) morphs, which enables them to rapidly match heterogeneous environments. Thus, the wing polymorphism is an adaptation at the root of their ecological success. Wing polymorphism is orchestrated at various levels, starting with the insect's perception of environmental cues, then signal transduction and signal execution, and ultimately the transmitting of signals into physiological adaption in accordance with the particular morph produced. Juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid pathways have long been proposed to regulate wing polymorphism in insects, but rigorous experimental evidence is lacking. The breakthrough findings of ecdysone receptor regulation on transgenerational wing dimorphism in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and of insulin signaling in the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens greatly broaden our understanding of wing polymorphism at the molecular level. Recently, the advent of high-throughput sequencing coupled with functional genomics provides powerful genetic tools for future insights into the molecular bases underlying wing polymorphism in insects.

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A large genomic insertion containing a duplicated follistatin gene is linked to the pea aphid male wing dimorphism

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.50608 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Binshuang Li ◽

Ryan D Bickel ◽

Benjamin J Parker ◽

Omid Saleh Ziabari ◽

Fangzhou Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Balancing Selection ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Pea Aphid ◽

Wing Dimorphism ◽

Alternative Phenotypes ◽

Long Read ◽

Male Wing ◽

Strong Candidate ◽

Trait Difference

Wing dimorphisms have long served as models for examining the ecological and evolutionary tradeoffs associated with alternative phenotypes. Here, we investigated the genetic cause of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) male wing dimorphism, wherein males exhibit one of two morphologies that differ in correlated traits that include the presence or absence of wings. We mapped this trait difference to a single genomic region and, using third generation, long-read sequencing, we identified a 120 kb insertion in the wingless allele. This insertion includes a duplicated follistatin gene, which is a strong candidate gene in the minimal mapped interval to cause the dimorphism. We found that both alleles were present prior to pea aphid biotype lineage diversification, we estimated that the insertion occurred millions of years ago, and we propose that both alleles have been maintained in the species, likely due to balancing selection.

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Comparative proteomic analysis of drought response in roots of two soybean genotypes

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp17209 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 609 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xingwang Yu ◽

Aijun Yang ◽

Andrew T. James

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Soybean Genotype ◽

Comparative Proteomic Analysis ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Soybean Leaves ◽

Sensitive Genotype

Water deficit is a serious environmental stress during the soybean growth and production season in Australia. Soybean has evolved complex response mechanisms to cope with drought stress through multiple physiological processes. In this study, the roots of a previously identified drought-tolerant soybean genotype, G21210, and a sensitive genotype, Valder, were subjected to comparative proteomic analysis based on 2-dimensional electrophoresis, under mild or severe drought conditions. The analysis showed that the abundance of 179 protein spots significantly changed under stress. In total, 155 unique proteins were identified from these spots, among which 70 protein spots changed only in G2120 and 89 spots only in Valder, with 20 proteins changed in both soybean genotypes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these drought-induced changes in proteins were largely enriched in the biological function categories of defence response, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. For the drought-tolerant genotype, the differential abundance was decreased for 24 proteins and increased for 46 proteins. For the drought-sensitive genotype, the abundance was reduced for 46 proteins, increased for 40 proteins and changed differently for three proteins in mild and severe drought. The different patterns of change of these proteins in G2120 and Valder might be attributed to the difference in their drought-tolerance capacity. This study, combined with our previously reported proteomics study in soybean leaves, further clarifies the change in proteins under drought stress in different organs and provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms under drought stress in soybean production.

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals That the Heterosis of Two Maize Hybrids is Related to Enhancement of Stress Response and Photosynthesis Respectively

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29700/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daoping Wang ◽

Yongying Mu ◽

Xiaojiao Hu ◽

Bo Ma ◽

Zhibo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽

Label Free ◽

Maize Production ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Comparative Proteomic Analysis

Abstract BackgroundMaize is a major crop worldwide and heterotic hybrids play important roles in global maize production. Heterosis refers hybrid progeny of species or varieties exhibiting superior traits compared with those of their parents and much attention has been paid to heterosis associated genes recently. The hybridization between parents can change the expression pattern of some proteins such as non-additive proteins which might lead to heterosis, so that comparative proteomic analysis of maize hybrid and its parents is helpful for understanding the mechanism of heterosis.ResultsSecond seedling leaves of maize hybrids "Zhongdan 808" and "Zhongdan 909" and their parents were collected at three-leaf stage for protein extractions. Over 2,000 protein groups were accurately assessed in the two hybrids and their parents by label-free quantification. Quantitative data analyses of the proteomes revealed that the two hybrids were more similar to their female parents. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis showed that most non-additive proteins in Zhongdan 808 were mainly enriched in stress-related pathways, while those in Zhongdan 909 were mainly enriched in photosynthesis. ConclusionsIn comparison with their parents, the excellent agronomic traits of hybrid Zhongdan 808 was correlated with the high expression levels of some proteins related to stress responses and and metabolic functions, while those of Zhongdan 909 was correlated with photosynthesis. Our proteomics results supported previous physiological and morphological research. This work may provide useful information for understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the heterosis of hybrid maize.

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