Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals That the Heterosis of Two Maize Hybrids is Related to Enhancement of Stress Response and Photosynthesis Respectively
Abstract BackgroundMaize is a major crop worldwide and heterotic hybrids play important roles in global maize production. Heterosis refers hybrid progeny of species or varieties exhibiting superior traits compared with those of their parents and much attention has been paid to heterosis associated genes recently. The hybridization between parents can change the expression pattern of some proteins such as non-additive proteins which might lead to heterosis, so that comparative proteomic analysis of maize hybrid and its parents is helpful for understanding the mechanism of heterosis.ResultsSecond seedling leaves of maize hybrids "Zhongdan 808" and "Zhongdan 909" and their parents were collected at three-leaf stage for protein extractions. Over 2,000 protein groups were accurately assessed in the two hybrids and their parents by label-free quantification. Quantitative data analyses of the proteomes revealed that the two hybrids were more similar to their female parents. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis showed that most non-additive proteins in Zhongdan 808 were mainly enriched in stress-related pathways, while those in Zhongdan 909 were mainly enriched in photosynthesis. ConclusionsIn comparison with their parents, the excellent agronomic traits of hybrid Zhongdan 808 was correlated with the high expression levels of some proteins related to stress responses and and metabolic functions, while those of Zhongdan 909 was correlated with photosynthesis. Our proteomics results supported previous physiological and morphological research. This work may provide useful information for understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the heterosis of hybrid maize.