scholarly journals Training Specificity of Inspiratory Muscle Training Methods: A Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Van Hollebeke ◽  
Rik Gosselink ◽  
Daniel Langer
Keyword(s):  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Resistive Loading ◽  
Residual Capacity

IntroductionInspiratory muscle training (IMT) protocols are typically performed using pressure threshold loading with inspirations initiated from residual volume (RV). We aimed to compare effects of three different IMT protocols on maximal inspiratory pressures (PImax) and maximal inspiratory flow (V̇Imax) at three different lung volumes. We hypothesized that threshold loading performed from functional residual capacity (FRC) or tapered flow resistive loading (initiated from RV) would improve inspiratory muscle function over a larger range of lung volumes in comparison with the standard protocol.Methods48 healthy volunteers (42% male, age: 48 ± 9 years, PImax: 110 ± 28%pred, [mean ± SD]) were randomly assigned to perform three daily IMT sessions of pressure threshold loading (either initiated from RV or from FRC) or tapered flow resistive loading (initiated from RV) for 4 weeks. Sessions consisted of 30 breaths against the highest tolerable load. Before and after the training period, PImax was measured at RV, FRC, and midway between FRC and total lung capacity (1/2 IC). V̇Imax was measured at the same lung volumes against a range of external threshold loads.ResultsWhile PImax increased significantly at RV and at FRC in the group performing the standard training protocol (pressure threshold loading from RV), it increased significantly at all lung volumes in the two other training groups (all p < 0.05). No significant changes in V̇Imax were observed in the group performing the standard protocol. Increases of V̇Imax were significantly larger at all lung volumes after tapered flow resistive loading, and at higher lung volumes (i.e., FRC and 1/2 IC) after pressure threshold loading from FRC in comparison with the standard protocol (all p < 0.05).ConclusionOnly training with tapered flow resistive loading and pressure threshold loading from functional residual capacity resulted in consistent improvements in respiratory muscle function at higher lung volumes, whereas improvements after the standard protocol (pressure threshold loading from residual volume) were restricted to gains in PImax at lower lung volumes. Further research is warranted to investigate whether these results can be confirmed in larger samples of both healthy subjects and patients.

Lung volume specificity of inspiratory muscle training

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Tzelepis ◽  
D. L. Vega ◽  
M. E. Cohen ◽  
F. D. McCool
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Inspiratory Capacity ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Before And After

We examined the extent to which training-related increases of inspiratory muscle (IM) strength are limited to the lung volume (VL) at which the training occurs. IM strength training consisted of performing repeated static maximum inspiratory maneuvers. Three groups of normal volunteers performed these maneuvers at one of three lung volumes: residual volume (RV), relaxation volume (Vrel), or Vrel plus one-half of inspiratory capacity (Vrel + 1/2IC). A control group did not train. We constructed maximal inspiratory pressure-VL curves before and after a 6-wk training period. For each group, we found that the greatest improvements in strength occurred at the volume at which the subjects trained and were significantly greater for those who trained at low (36% for RV and 26% for Vrel) than at high volumes (13% for Vrel + 1/2IC). Smaller increments in strength were noted at volumes adjacent to the training volume. The range of vital capacity (VC) over which strength was increased was greater for those who trained at low (70% of VC) than at high VL (20% of VC). We conclude that the greatest improvements in IM strength are specific to the VL at which training occurs. However, the increase in strength, as well as the range of volume over which strength is increased, is greater for those who trained at the lower VL.

Effects of swim training on lung volumes and inspiratory muscle conditioning

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Clanton ◽  
G. F. Dixon ◽  
J. Drake ◽  
J. E. Gadek
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Muscle Conditioning ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Residual Capacity

Lung volumes and inspiratory muscle (IM) function tests were measured in 16 competitive female swimmers (age 19 +/- 1 yr) before and after 12 wk of swim training. Eight underwent additional IM training; the remaining eight were controls. Vital capacity (VC) increased 0.25 +/- 0.25 liters (P less than 0.01), functional residual capacity (FRC) increased 0.39 +/- 0.29 liters (P less than 0.001), and total lung capacity (TLC) increased 0.35 +/- 0.47 (P less than 0.025) in swimmers, irrespective of IM training. Residual volume (RV) did not change. Maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) measured at FRC changed -43 +/- 18 cmH2O (P less than 0.005) in swimmers undergoing IM conditioning and -29 +/- 25 (P less than 0.05) in controls. The time that 65% of prestudy PImax could be endured increased in IM trainers (P less than 0.001) and controls (P less than 0.05). All results were compared with similar IM training in normal females (age 21.1 +/- 0.8 yr) in which significant increases in PImax and endurance were observed in IM trainers only with no changes in VC, FRC, or TLC (Clanton et al., Chest 87: 62–66, 1985). We conclude that 1) swim training in mature females increases VC, TLC, and FRC with no effect on RV, and 2) swim training increases IM strength and endurance measured near FRC.

Hysteresis in the relation between diffusing capacity of the lung and lung volume

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Cassidy ◽  
M. Ramanathan ◽  
G. L. Rose ◽  
R. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity

The diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) varies directly with lung volume (VA) when measured during a breath-holding interval. DLCO measured during a slow exhalation from total lung capacity (TLC) to functional residual capacity (FRC) does not vary as VA changes. Since VA is reached by inhaling during breath holding and by exhaling during the slow exhalation maneuver, we hypothesized that the variability in the relation between DLCO and VA was due to hysteresis. To test this hypothesis, breath-holding measurements of DLCO were made at three lung volumes, both when VA was reached by inhaling from residual volume (RV) and when Va was reached by exhaling from TLC. At 72% TLC, DLCO was 22% higher when VA was reached by exhalation compared to inhalation (P < 0.02). At 52% TLC, DLCO was 19% higher when VA was reached by exhalation compared to exhalation (P < 0.005). DCLO measured during a slow exhalation fell on the exhalation limb of the CLCO/VA curve. these data indicate that there is hysteresis in DLCO with respect to lung volume.

LUNG VOLUMES OF NORMAL AND ASTHMATIC CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-519
Author(s):  
John F. Andrewes ◽  
Daniel H. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Time Required

Measurements of the various lung volumes were carried out with 27 normal children, 21 asthmatic children and 4 with allergic rhinitis. The asthmatic children had increases in functional residual capacity and residual volume. There was a significant increase in the time required for intrapulmonary mixing of gas in the asthmatic subjects. A biphasic character to the "wash-out" curves in both normal and asthmatic subjects was shown. It was considered, though not proved, that the increases in lung volume were due to the presence of bronchial obstruction.

STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
C. D. Cook ◽  
P. J. Helliesen ◽  
L. Kulczycki ◽  
H. Barrie ◽  
L. Friedlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity

Tidal volume, respiratory rate and lung volumes have been measured in 64 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas while lung compliance and resistance were measured in 42 of these. Serial studies of lung volumes were done in 43. Tidal volume was reduced and the respiratory rate increased only in the most severely ill patients. Excluding the three patients with lobectomies, residual volume and functional residual capacity were found to be significantly increased in 46 and 21%, respectively. These changes correlated well with the roentgenographic evaluation of emphysema. Vital capacity was significantly reduced in 34% while total lung capacity was, on the average, relatively unchanged. Seventy per cent of the 61 patients had a signficantly elevated RV/TLC ratio. Lung compliance was significantly reduced in only the most severely ill patients but resistance was significantly increased in 35% of the patients studied. The serial studies of lung volumes showed no consistent trends among the groups of patients in the period between studies. However, 10% of the surviving patients showed evidence of significant improvement while 15% deteriorated. [See Fig. 8. in Source Pdf.] Although there were individual discrepancies, there was a definite correlation between the clinical evaluation and tests of respiratory function, especially the changes in residual volume, the vital capacity, RV/ TLC ratio and the lung compliance and resistance.

Regional intrapulmonary gas distribution in awake and anesthetized-paralyzed prone man

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rehder ◽  
T. J. Knopp ◽  
A. D. Sessler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Regional Lung ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The intrapulmonary distribution of inspired gas (ventilation/unit lung volume, VI), functional residual capacity (FRC), closing capacity (CC), and the slope of phase III were determined in five awake and five anesthetized-paralyzed volunteers who were in the prone position with the abdomen unsupported. After induction of anesthesia-paralysis, FRC was less in four of five subjects and CC was consistently less. At FRC there was no difference in the vertical gradient of regional lung volumes between the awake and anesthetized-paralyzed prone subjects. Also, there was no difference in VI between the two states. The normalized slope of phase III decreased consistently with induction of anesthesia-paralysis, but the vertical distribution of a 133Xe bolus inhaled from residual volume was not different between the two states. The data of the study are compatible with 1) a pattern of expansion of the respiratory system during anesthesia-paralysis and mechanical ventilation different than that during spontaneous breathing and 2) a more uniform intraregional distribution of inspired gas and/or a different sequence of emptying during anesthesia-paralysis.

scholarly journals Elastic Taping’s Effect on Exercise Capacity in Recreational Runner with Inspiratory Muscle Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Asriningrum Asriningrum ◽  
Dewi Poerwandari ◽  
Andriati Andriati ◽  
Soenarnatalina Soenarnatalina
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
P Values ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Functional Exercise ◽  
Functional Exercise Capacity ◽  
Recreational Runners

Background: Running is a new trend of recreational sports in Indonesia. About 70% of recreational runners have difficulty in improving exercise capacity due to exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), caused by fatigue of the diaphragmatic muscles. Previous studies have shown that various training methods may increase diaphragmatic muscle strength and endurance, for example, inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Unfortunately, improvement of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance after exercise and IMT are still varies. Therefore, other methods are needed to optimize the effect of IMT. Application of the elastic taping on thoracic wall during exercise allows the inspiratory muscles to contract optimally which might improve functional capacity.Aim: To assess the effect of elastic taping on inspiratory muscle training using the pressure threshold IMT, in increasing the functional exercise capacity of recreational runners. Functional capacity was measured based on VO2max value, rating of perceived breathlessness (RPB) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).Methods: an experimental study involved 14 nonsmoker recreational runners, ages 20-40 years, at Outpatient Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Subjects were divided into two groups (pressure threshold IMT with and without elastic taping groups), which were observed for four weeks. IMT was done five times a week, twice a day, with 30 repetitions, and 60% resistance 30 RM using Respironics®. Elastic taping Leukotape® was applied on the first until fifth day in each IMT sessions. The running exercises were done three times a week with EnMill® Treadmill ETB-03195 with a speed of 4.5 mph and 0% inclination. RBP, RPE and VO2max were measured using Borg Dyspneu scale, Borg Scale, and Bruce Treadmill Protocol test, respectively, before the first exercise and after 4 weeks of exercise.Results: There were an improvement of functional exercise capacity in both groups which were marked with a decline of RPB and RPE and increase of VO2max (p values < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the decrease of RPB and RPE and an increase of VO2max between groups (p values of were 0.31, 0.83, and 0.13, respectively). The effect of the elastic taping (r2 = 0.99) was not reflected in the differences of RPB, RPE and increasing VO2max.Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training using pressure threshold IMT with or without the elastic taping for four weeks can improve exercise capacity of recreational runners.

Minimal air in dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard I. Kleinman ◽  
Dennis A. Poulos ◽  
Arthur A. Siebens
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Volume Functional ◽  
Residual Capacity

The “minimal air” of supine dogs was measured by subtracting from the functional residual capacity the volume expelled from the lungs when the sternum was widely split. Minimal air/functional residual capacity, minimal air/lung weight, and minimal air/animal weight were 57.0 ± 8.6%, 9.51 ± 2.92 ml/g, 21.8 ± 4.2 ml/kg, respectively. The correlation coefficient of minimal air with functional residual capacity was .79 (P < 1%), of minimal air with animal weight was 0.70 (P < 1%), and of minimal air with lung weight was .67 (P < 5%). The ratio minimal air/functional residual capacity of these dogs compared with the ratio residual volume/functional residual capacity of supine men. The airway component of the minimal air was approximately 36% and the alveolar component approximately 64%. The lungs contained the minimal air at a time when airways were patent rather than collapsed. functional residual capacity; residual volume Submitted on March 11, 1963

Inspiratory Muscle Training on Glucose Control in Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mariana B. Pinto ◽  
Patrícia M. Bock ◽  
Andressa S.O. Schein ◽  
Juliana Portes ◽  
Raíssa B. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Function

This study evaluated the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in glucose control and respiratory muscle function in patients with diabetes. It was a randomized clinical trial conducted at the Physiopathology Laboratory of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Patients with Type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to IMT or placebo-IMT (P-IMT), performed at 30% and 2% of maximal inspiratory pressure, respectively, every day for 12 weeks. The main outcome measures were HbA1c, glycemia, and respiratory muscle function. Thirty patients were included: 73.3% women, 59.6 ± 10.7 years old, HbA1c 8.7 ± 0.9% (71.6 ± 9.8 mmol/mol), and glycemia 181.8 ± 57.8 mg/dl (10.5 ± 3.2 mmol/L). At the end of the training, HbA1c was 8.2 ±0.3% (66.1 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) and 8.7 ± 0.3% (71.6 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) for the IMT and P-IMT groups, respectively (p = .8). Fasting glycemia decreased in both groups with no difference after training although it was lower in IMT at 8 weeks: 170.0 ± 11.4 mg/dl(9.4 ± 0.6 mmol/L) and 184.4 ± 15.0 mg/dl (10.2 ± 0.8 mmol/L) for IMT and P-IMT, respectively (p < .05). Respiratory endurance time improved in the IMT group (baseline = 325.9 ± 51.1 s and 305.0 ± 37.8 s; after 12 weeks = 441.1 ± 61.7 s and 250.7 ± 39.0 s for the IMT and P-IMT groups, respectively; p < .05). Considering that glucose control did not improve, IMT should not be used as an alternative to other types of exercise in diabetes. Higher exercise intensities or longer training periods might produce better results. The clinical trials identifier is NCT 03191435.

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