scholarly journals The Role(s) of Eicosanoids and Exosomes in Human Parturition

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mosaad ◽  
Hassendrini N. Peiris ◽  
Olivia Holland ◽  
Isabella Morean Garcia ◽  
Murray D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Functional Significance ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Eicosanoid Production ◽  
End Products ◽  
Exciting Potential ◽  
Intracellular Mediators ◽  
Human Parturition

The roles that eicosanoids play during pregnancy and parturition are crucial to a successful outcome. A better understanding of the regulation of eicosanoid production and the roles played by the various end products during pregnancy and parturition has led to our view that accurate measurements of a panel of those end products has exciting potential as diagnostics and prognostics of preterm labor and delivery. Exosomes and their contents represent an exciting new area for research of movement of key biological factors circulating between tissues and organs akin to a parallel endocrine system but involving key intracellular mediators. Eicosanoids and enzymes regulating their biosynthesis and metabolism as well as regulatory microRNAs have been identified within exosomes. In this review, the regulation of eicosanoid production, abundance and actions during pregnancy will be explored. Additionally, the functional significance of placental exosomes will be discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalencia, causas y tratamiento de la depresión mayor

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsy Arlene Pérez-Padilla ◽  
Víctor Manuel Cervantes-Ramírez ◽  
Nayeli Alejandra Hijuelos-García ◽  
Juan Carlos Pineda-Cortes ◽  
Humberto Salgado-Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
El Sistema

ResumenLa depresión mayor representa un problema de salud pública debido a su alta prevalencia. La etiología de la depresión es compleja, en ella intervienen factores psicosociales, genéticos, y biológicos. Entre los factores psicosociales, se ha observado que los primeros episodios depresivos aparecen después de algún evento estresante, y el estrés que acompaña al primer episodio produce cambios a largo plazo en la fisiología cerebral. Estos cambios de larga duración pueden producir variaciones a nivel estructural y en el funcionamiento de diferentes áreas cerebrales. Entre los factores genéticos que intervienen en la enfermedad depresiva, se ha reportado que alrededor de 200 genes están relacionados con el trastorno depresivo mayor. Dentro de los factores biológicos, existen evidencias de alteraciones a nivel de neurotransmisores, citosinas y hormonas, cuyas acciones inducen modificaciones estructurales y funcionales en el sistema nervioso central, en el sistema inmunológico y en el sistema endocrino, que incrementan el riesgo de padecer la depresión mayor. A pesar de años de estudio, las bases biológicas de la depresión mayor y el mecanismo preciso de la eficacia antidepresiva siguen siendo poco claras. Los objetivos de la presente revisión son el resumir las principales conclusiones de la literatura clínica y experimental en relación con la etiología del trastorno depresivo mayor.Palabras claveDepresión mayor, neurotransmisores, neuroplasticidad, serotonina, norepinefrina, sistema inmune. AbstractMajor depression represents a public health problem due to its high prevalence. The etiology of major depression is complex because involves psychosocial, genetic, and biological factors. Among psychosocial factors, different studies report that the first depressive episode appear after some stressful event and produces long-term changes in brain physiology. These long-lasting changes produce variations at the structural level and in the functioning of different brain areas. Among the genetic factors involved in depressive illness, it has been reported that about 200 genes are related to major depressive disorder. Within the biological factors, there is an evidence of alterations in the level of neurotransmitters, cytosine’s and hormones, whose actions induces structural and functional modifications in the central nervous system, the immune system and the endocrine system, which increases the risk of suffering major depression. Despite years of study, the biological basis of major depression and precise mechanisms of antidepressant efficacy remain unclear. The objective of the present review is to summarize the main conclusions of the clinical and experimental literature regarding to the etiology of major depressive disorder.Key wordsMajor depression, neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity, serotonin, norepinephrine, immune system.

Characteristics of the level of soluble form of receptor for glycation end products in very early threatened preterm labor

2017 ◽  
Vol 10_2017 ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smirnova A.V. Smirnova ◽  
Borzova N.Yu. Borzova ◽  
Sotnikova N.Yu. Sotnikova ◽  
Malyshkina A.I. Malyshkina A ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Threatened Preterm Labor

Factors implicated in the initiation of human parturition in term and preterm labor: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Ravanos ◽  
Themistoklis Dagklis ◽  
Stamatios Petousis ◽  
Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou ◽  
Yannis Prapas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Human Parturition

scholarly journals HEALTH STATE OF CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS AND FACTORS AFFECTING ON ITS FORMATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina N. Luchaninova ◽  
M. M. Tsvetkova ◽  
L. V. Veremchuk ◽  
E. V. Krukovich ◽  
I. D. Mostovaya
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Health State ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
The Impact

In recent years there is the lack of investigations concerning the impact of climate on the state of children’s health. At the same time risks associated with the influence of genetic and biological factors in dependence on the age seem to be relevant. To assess the state of health of children and adolescents in dependence on the area of the residence as well as biological factors that form and determine the health throughout ontogenesis. There is presented the one stage study of 626 children and adolescents (aged of from 4 to 17 years) residing in three different bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai. There was executed both the comprehensive assessment of health in the each age group in dependence on the area of residence, and the factor analysis to determine the degree of the influence of factors on the health of children and adolescents in different bioclimatic zones. The main aims of the factor analysis are the decline of the number of variables (data reduction) and determination of the structure of interrelationships between variables. As a result, the method allowed to isolate from the large mass (73 factors) of the initial indices those factors that characterized features of the health of children and adolescents in certain climatic conditions in the process of growth and development over ontogenesis. After the iteration of the eigenvalues there were revealed factorial loads with coefficient > 0.5. The level of health in preschool children was revealed to be determined by pre- and postnatal factors, while in schoolchildren the role of the level of physical development and parameters of the functioning of most important organs and systems under the regulatory influence of neuro- endocrine system is increased. At the same time, the indices of these factors are statistically significantly differ in various bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai.

Functional significance of preserved color patterns of mollusks from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) of Alabama

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Kelley ◽  
Charles T. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Life Mode ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Architectural Constraints

The excellent preservation of the molluscan fauna from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) at Little Stave Creek, Alabama, has made it possible to describe the preserved color patterns of 15 species. In this study the functional significance of these color patterns is tested in the context of the current adaptationist controversy. The pigment of the color pattern is thought to be a result of metabolic waste disposal. Therefore, the presence of the pigment is functional, although the patterns formed by the pigment may or may not have been adaptive. In this investigation the criteria proposed by Seilacher (1972) for testing the functionality of color patterns were applied to the Gosport fauna and the results compared with life mode as interpreted from knowledge of extant relatives and functional morphology. Using Seilacher's criteria of little ontogenetic and intraspecific variability, the color patterns appear to have been functional. However, the functional morphology studies indicate an infaunal life mode which would preclude functional color patterns. Particular color patterns are instead interpreted to be the result of historical factors, such as multiple adaptive peaks or random fixation of alleles, or of architectural constraints including possibly pleiotropy or allometry. The low variability of color patterns, which was noted within species and genera, suggests that color patterns may also serve a useful taxonomic purpose.

Complex Vesicles, Microtubules, and Cytoplasmic Filaments in the Endothelial Cells of Normal Dog Aorta

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
J. J. Ghidoni
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Aldehyde Fixation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Filaments

Endothelial cells in longitudinal and cross sections of aortas from 3 randomly selected “normal” mongrel dogs were studied by electron microscopy. Segments of aorta were distended with cold cacodylate buffered 5% glutaraldehyde for 10 minutes prior to being cut into small, well oriented tissue blocks. After an additional 1-1/2 hour period in glutaraldehyde, the tissue blocks were well rinsed in buffer and post-fixed in OsO4. After dehydration they were embedded in a mixture of Maraglas, D.E.R. 732, and DDSA.Aldehyde fixation preserves the filamentous and tubular structures (300 Å and less) for adequate demonstration and study. The functional significance of filaments and microtubules has been recently discussed by Buckley and Porter; the precise roles of these cytoplasmic components remains problematic. Endothelial cells in canine aortas contained an abundance of both types of structures.

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