scholarly journals Oral Administration of Penicillin or Streptomycin May Alter Serum Serotonin Level and Intestinal Motility via Different Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihong Zhu ◽  
Huashan Gong ◽  
Ping Luo ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Fecal Water ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Induced Changes

Background/AimsEnterochromaffin cells (EC cells) constitute the largest population of enteroendocrine cells and release serotonin (5-HT) in response to mechanical and chemical cues of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). How EC cells respond to altered microbiota such as due to antibiotic treatments remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the pacemaker channel HCN2 might contribute to the regulation of EC cells functions and their responses to antibiotics-induced changes in intestinal flora.MethodsMice were given either penicillin or streptomycin or both in drinking water for 10 consecutive days. The changes in the profile of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum following penicillin or streptomycin treatments were tested by GC-MS. Serum 5-HT content, whole intestinal transit time, fecal water content, cecum weight and expression of HCN2 and TPH1 in cecal mucosa were measured. Ivabradine (a HCN channels blocker) was used to explore the role of HCN2 in penicillin-induced changes in 5-HT availability and intestinal motility.ResultsHCN2 immunofluorescence was detected on intestinal EC cells. Both penicillin and streptomycin caused significant reduction in total SCFAs in the cecum, with the penicillin-treated group showing greater reductions in butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate levels than the streptomycin group. The expression of HCN2 was increased in the mice treated with penicillin, whereas TPH1 expression was increased in the mice treated with streptomycin. Mice treated with antibiotics all had larger and heavier cecum, elevated serum 5-HT level and increased fecal water content. Besides, mice treated with penicillin had prolonged intestinal transit time. Intraperitoneal injection of Ivabradine attenuated the effect of penicillin on serum 5-HT level, cecum size and weight, intestinal motility, and fecal water content.ConclusionDisruptions of the intestinal flora structure due to oral administration of penicillin may significantly increase serum 5-HT level and inhibit intestinal motility, at least partially through up-regulating the expression of HCN2. Oral administration of streptomycin may alter 5-HT availability by up-regulating TPH1 expression thus increasing synthesis of 5-HT. Alterations of intestinal flora composition due to exposure to different antibiotics may regulate 5-HT availability and intestinal motility through different mechanisms.

Effects of different oligosaccharides at various dosages on the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in mice with constipation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1966-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Lujun Hu ◽  
Shuang Yan ◽  
Tian Jiang ◽  
Shuguang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Oligosaccharides administered as a dietary supplement increase the water content of feces, reduce intestinal transit time, modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the feces of mice with constipation.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil in Loperamide Induced Constipation in rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Olasupo S Adeniyi ◽  
Moses Edache ◽  
Innocent Abi ◽  
Richard Ediale
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 5

Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders that affects people of all ages and is mostly treated using orthodox drugs that often have side effects; therefore, this research aims to investigate the effects of a natural product; virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the treatment of loperamide induced constipation in rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing 80-100 g were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 was control group that received 5 mL/kg/day normal saline (NS) only. All the other groups were treated with 4 mg/Kg loperamide to induce constipation. After 1 hour of loperamide treatment, Group 2 were treated with 5 mL/Kg NS, Group 3, 0.6 mL/day VCO (MVCO); Group 4, 0.9 mL/day VCO (HVCO) and Group 5 rats, 2 mg/Kg bisacodyl. The period of treatment was 3 days, and they were administered orally. Daily food consumption, number, weight and water content of feces, and intestinal transit time of charcoal meal were determined. Result showed that food consumption was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in loperamide alone group than other groups of animals. By days 1 and 3, the number of fecal pellets, weight of wet feces, weight of dry feces, and water content of feces in MVCO treated and control rats were significantly (P <0.05) higher than loperamide +NS. The intestinal transit time in MVCO treated rats (54.47 ± 3.22%) was however not significantly different from loperamide + NS (56.51 ± 2.51%). In conclusion, VCO ameliorated loperamide induced constipation by increasing the frequency of defecation, weight and water content of feces.

scholarly journals Donor metabolic characteristics drive effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on recipient insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and intestinal transit time

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter de Groot ◽  
Torsten Scheithauer ◽  
Guido J Bakker ◽  
Andrei Prodan ◽  
Evgeni Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Insulin Resistant

ObjectiveBariatric surgery improves glucose metabolism. Recent data suggest that faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using faeces from postbariatric surgery diet-induced obese mice in germ-free mice improves glucose metabolism and intestinal homeostasis. We here investigated whether allogenic FMT using faeces from post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass donors (RYGB-D) compared with using faeces from metabolic syndrome donors (METS-D) has short-term effects on glucose metabolism, intestinal transit time and adipose tissue inflammation in treatment-naïve, obese, insulin-resistant male subjects.DesignSubjects with metabolic syndrome (n=22) received allogenic FMT either from RYGB-D or METS-D. Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as lipolysis were measured at baseline and 2 weeks after FMT by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic stable isotope (2H2-glucose and 2H5-glycerol) clamp. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in resting energy expenditure, intestinal transit time, faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bile acids, and inflammatory markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue related to intestinal microbiota composition. Faecal SCFA, bile acids, glycaemic control and inflammatory parameters were also evaluated at 8 weeks.ResultsWe observed a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity 2 weeks after allogenic METS-D FMT (median rate of glucose disappearance: from 40.6 to 34.0 µmol/kg/min; p<0.01). Moreover, a trend (p=0.052) towards faster intestinal transit time following RYGB-D FMT was seen. Finally, we observed changes in faecal bile acids (increased lithocholic, deoxycholic and (iso)lithocholic acid after METS-D FMT), inflammatory markers (decreased adipose tissue chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) gene expression and plasma CCL2 after RYGB-D FMT) and changes in several intestinal microbiota taxa.ConclusionAllogenic FMT using METS-D decreases insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome recipients when compared with using post-RYGB-D. Further research is needed to delineate the role of donor characteristics in FMT efficacy in human insulin-resistant subjects.Trial registration numberNTR4327.

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