scholarly journals Segregation of rol Genes in Two Generations of Sinningia speciosa Engineered Through Wild Type Rhizobium rhizogenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siel Desmet ◽  
Emmy Dhooghe ◽  
Ellen De Keyser ◽  
Paul Quataert ◽  
Tom Eeckhaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rol Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Rhizobium Rhizogenes

scholarly journals Zebra finches go wild! Experimental cultural evolution of birdsong

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-265
Author(s):  
Adriana Diez ◽  
Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Song Development

Abstract Vocal learning in songbirds is guided by experience and experience-independent factors. Previously, lineages of zebra finches founded by isolate-reared tutors showed cultural evolution to wild-type song. This suggests that experience-independent biases affect song development even in the absence of wild-type song. We hypothesized that cultural evolution of song depends on both experience-independent biases and tutor songs available. We predicted that songs more distant from wild-type would take longer to culturally evolve toward wild-type features. We bred zebra finches in three groups of lineages in which offspring of each generation served as tutors for the next. Lineages were founded with males singing wild-type song, isolate song, or heterospecific song. The two experimental lineages exhibited rapid cultural evolution of song with many temporal and spectral features converging to wild-type within two generations. However the rate of change differed depending on song features measured, and took longer for lineages founded with heterospecific song.

scholarly journals Zebra finches go wild! Experimental cultural evolution of birdsong.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Diez ◽  
Scott MacDougall-Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Two Generations

Vocal learning in songbirds is guided by experience and experience-independent factors. Previously, lineages of zebra finches founded by isolate-reared tutors showed cultural evolution to wild-type song features. This suggests that biases lead to selective imitation even in the absence of wild-type song. We hypothesized that cultural evolution of song depends on both experience-independent biases and the tutor songs available. We predicted that songs more distant from wild-type would take longer to culturally evolve toward wild-type features. We bred zebra finches in three groups of lineages in which offspring of each generation served as tutors for the next. Lineages were founded with males singing wild-type song, isolate song, or heterospecific song. The two experimental lineages exhibited rapid cultural evolution of song with many features converging to wild-type within two generations. However the rate of change differed depending on song features measured, and took longer for lineages founded with heterospecific song.

scholarly journals The Naturally Evolved EPSPS From Goosegrass Confers High Glyphosate Resistance to Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ouyang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Silan Chen ◽  
Huimin Zhao ◽  
Xinyan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Similar Growth

Glyphosate-resistant crops developed by the CP4-EPSPS gene from Agrobacterium have been planted on a massive scale globally, which benefits from the high efficiency and broad spectrum of glyphosate in weed control. Some glyphosate-resistant (GR) genes from microbes have been reported, which might raise biosafety concerns. Most of them were obtained through a hygromycin-HPT transformation system. Here we reported the plant source with 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene from goosegrass endowed rice with high resistance to glyphosate. The integrations and inheritability of the transgenes in the rice genome were investigated within two generations. The EiEPSPS transgenic plants displayed similar growth and development to wild type under no glyphosate selection pressure but better reproductive performance under lower glyphosate selection pressure. Furthermore, we reconstructed a binary vector pCEiEPSPS and established the whole stage glyphosate selection using the vector. The Glyphosate-pCEiEPSPS selection system showed a significantly higher transformation efficiency compared with the hygromycin-HPT transformation system. Our results provided a promising alternative gene resource to the development of GR plants and also extended the plant transformation toolbox.

scholarly journals Adherence of Candida albicans to Silicone Induces Immediate Enhanced Tolerance to Fluconazole

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 3358-3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Mateus ◽  
Sidney A. Crow ◽  
Donald G. Ahearn
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Flow Cytometry Data ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT Wild-type and efflux pump-deficient cells of Candida albicans adhering to silicone were compared with planktonic cells by flow cytometry for their relative resistance to fluconazole (FCZ). Flow cytometry data on cells carrying a fusion of green fluorescent protein to efflux pump promoters confirmed that enhanced tolerance of attached cells to FCZ was due in part to increased expression of CaMDR1 and CDR1 promoters. Within 2 h of their attachment to silicone, the adherent cells demonstrated levels of FCZ tolerance shown by cells from 24-h biofilms. Following their mechanical detachment, this subset of cells retained a four- to eightfold increase in tolerance compared with the tolerance of planktonic cells for at least two generations. Enhanced efflux pump tolerance to FCZ appeared to be induced within the initial 15 min of attachment in a subset of cells that were firmly attached to the substrata.

scholarly journals Selection index in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. progeny after exposure to acute γ-irradiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
D. O. Skorobagatko ◽  
V. Yu. Strashnyuk ◽  
A. A. Mazilov
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Selection Indexes

Aim. The purpose of investigation was to study the intensity of selection in two generations of Drosophila melanogaster Meig. after acute g-irradiation. Methods. Experiments were conducted on a wild-type Oregon-R strain. Adult flies in the age of 3 days were irradiated with bremsstrahlung gamma quanta at doses of 8 Gy, 16 Gy and 25 Gy on a linear accelerator of electrons LAE-10. Irradiated (O) and non-irradiated (K) flies were crossed in four different combinations: K×K (control), O×K, K×O, and O×O. The selection index were calculated from the Crow formula based on fertility, mortality/survival in pre-productive period of development. Results. Selection indexes in the generation F1 after irradiation grow in proportion to the dose received: at embryonal stage 2.0–7.2 times, at post-embryonic development – in 1.3–7.6 times. In the generation F2, the indexes of selection were significantly reduced. Conclusions. The selection pressure is substantially increased in the first generation after g-irradiation and weakens, approaching the control level and lower in F2. Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster Meig., fertility, embryonic mortality, pupae mortality, ionizing radiation.

Inheritance of rol-genes from Agrobacterium rhizogenes through two generations in Kalanchoë

Euphytica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Lütken ◽  
Sabá Victoria Wallström ◽  
Erik Bjørn Jensen ◽  
Brian Christensen ◽  
Renate Müller
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Rol Genes ◽  
Two Generations

Ultrastructure of Melanin Formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera Sorokiniana

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
M. H. Wheeler ◽  
W. J. Tolmsoff ◽  
A. A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Melanin Formation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Electron Transmission Microscopy

(+)-Scytalone [3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxy-l-(2Hj-naphthalenone] and 1,8-di- hydroxynaphthalene (DHN) have been proposed as intermediates of melanin synthesis in the fungi Verticillium dahliae (1, 2, 3, 4) and Thielaviopsis basicola (4, 5). Scytalone is enzymatically dehydrated by V. dahliae to 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene which is then reduced to (-)-vermelone [(-)-3,4- dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone]. Vermelone is subsequently dehydrated to DHN which is enzymatically polymerized to melanin.Melanin formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera soro- kiniana was examined by light and electron-transmission microscopy. Wild-type isolates of each fungus were compared with albino mutants before and after treatment with 1 mM scytalone or 0.1 mM DHN in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Both chemicals were converted to dark pigments in the walls of hyphae and conidia of the albino mutants. The darkened cells were similar in appearance to corresponding cells of the wild types under the light microscope.

Ultrastructure and Morphology of the Neurospora Crassa Cell Wall Mutants, Slime And Slime X, Using Tem and Sem

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Karen S. Howard ◽  
H. D. Braymer ◽  
M. D. Socolofsky ◽  
S. A. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
X Cells ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Isolated Cell

The recently isolated cell wall mutant slime X of Neurospora crassa was prepared for ultrastructural and morphological comparison with the cell wall mutant slime. The purpose of this article is to discuss the methods of preparation for TEM and SEM observations, as well as to make a preliminary comparison of the two mutants.TEM: Cells of the slime mutant were prepared for thin sectioning by the method of Bigger, et al. Slime X cells were prepared in the same manner with the following two exceptions: the cells were embedded in 3% agar prior to fixation and the buffered solutions contained 5% sucrose throughout the procedure.SEM: Two methods were used to prepare mutant and wild type Neurospora for the SEM. First, single colonies of mutant cells and small areas of wild type hyphae were cut from solid media and fixed with OSO4 vapors similar to the procedure used by Harris, et al. with one alteration. The cell-containing agar blocks were dehydrated by immersion in 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP).

Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Tube Emergence ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

Identification of a baculovirus polyhedron formation mutant with a novel phenotype

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 796-797
Author(s):  
James M. Slavicek ◽  
Melissa J. Mercer ◽  
Mary Ellen Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Viral Gene ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Insect Midgut ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Budded Virus ◽  
Viral Form

Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV, family Baculoviridae) produce two morphological forms, a budded virus form and a viral form that is occluded into a paracrystalline protein matrix. This structure is termed a polyhedron and is composed primarily of the protein polyhedrin. Insects are infected by NPVs after ingestion of the polyhedron and release of the occluded virions through dissolution of the polyhedron in the alkaline environment of the insect midgut. Early after infection the budded virus form is produced. It buds through the plasma membrane and then infects other cells. Later in the infection cycle the occluded form of the virus is generated (reviewed by Blissard and Rohrmann, 1990).The processes of polyhedron formation and virion occlusion are likely to involve a number of viral gene products. However, only two genes, the polyhedrin gene and 25K FP gene, have been identified to date that are necessary for the wild type number of polyhedra to be formed and viral particles occluded.

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