scholarly journals Plant Salinity Tolerance Conferred by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer ◽  
Mst Ishrat Zahan ◽  
Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Mst Arjina Akter ◽  
Shin Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

Soil salinity often hinders plant productivity in both natural and agricultural settings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbionts can mediate plant stress responses by enhancing salinity tolerance, but less attention has been devoted to measuring these effects across plant-AMF studies. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies to determine how AMF symbionts influence plant responses under non-stressed vs. salt-stressed conditions. Compared to non-AMF plants, AMF plants had significantly higher shoot and root biomass (p < 0.0001) both under non-stressed conditions and in the presence of varying levels of NaCl salinity in soil, and the differences became more prominent as the salinity stress increased. Categorical analyses revealed that the accumulation of plant shoot and root biomass was influenced by various factors, such as the host life cycle and lifestyle, the fungal group, and the duration of the AMF and salinity treatments. More specifically, the effect of Funneliformis on plant shoot biomass was more prominent as the salinity level increased. Additionally, under stress, AMF increased shoot biomass more on plants that are dicots, plants that have nodulation capacity and plants that use the C3 plant photosynthetic pathway. When plants experienced short-term stress (<2 weeks), the effect of AMF was not apparent, but under longer-term stress (>4 weeks), AMF had a distinct effect on the plant response. For the first time, we observed significant phylogenetic signals in plants and mycorrhizal species in terms of their shoot biomass response to moderate levels of salinity stress, i.e., closely related plants had more similar responses, and closely related mycorrhizal species had similar effects than distantly related species. In contrast, the root biomass accumulation trait was related to fungal phylogeny only under non-stressed conditions and not under stressed conditions. Additionally, the influence of AMF on plant biomass was found to be unrelated to plant phylogeny. In line with the greater biomass accumulation in AMF plants, AMF improved the water status, photosynthetic efficiency and uptake of Ca and K in plants irrespective of salinity stress. The uptake of N and P was higher in AMF plants, and as the salinity increased, the trend showed a decline but had a clear upturn as the salinity stress increased to a high level. The activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the proline content changed due to AMF treatment under salinity stress. The accumulation of proline and catalase (CAT) was observed only when plants experienced moderate salinity stress, but peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased in AMF plants irrespective of salinity stress. Taken together, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influenced plant growth and physiology, and their effects were more notable when their host plants experienced salinity stress and were influenced by plant and fungal traits.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the biomass and nutrition of Urochloa decumbens at different soil densities

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Reis Sales ◽  
Geanderson Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Raphael Henrique da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Valdemar Faquin
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the accumulation of shoot and root biomass and on the nutrient contents of Urochloa decumbens grown in soils with different densities. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement: four soil densities (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 kg dm-3) with and without inoculation of AMF, with four replicates. The biomass accumulation (dry matter weight of shoot and roots) and macro- and micronutrient contents of U. decumbens were determined at different soil densities. The mycorrhizal colonization of the plants was evaluated, and the number of mycorrhizal spores present in the soil was determined. The biomass accumulation of shoot and roots and macro- and micronutrient contents, as well as the number of mycorrhizal spores in the soil, were negatively affected by the increase in soil density. Only root biomass increased with AMF inoculation. There was no interaction between soil density and inoculation for shoot and root biomass accumulation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the accumulation of biomass in the roots and of N and Ca contents in the shoots of Urochloa decumbens even at the highest soil densities.

How Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Impact on Soil Respiration?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Fang Ma ◽  
Shu Juan Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Dan Shan ◽  
Xiao Feng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
P Content

Soil respiration can be altered by changing substance supply, respiratory capacity and the demand for the products. We carried out a field experiment in the northeast of China to understand how inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alters soil respiration in paddy fields. Soil respiration and factors contributing to it were measured for paddy fields either inoculated or non-inoculated with AMF, with or without fertilization. We found that inoculation increased soil respiration, net photosynthesis of rice leaves, N and P content of rice shoots and the abundance of actinomyces and fungi in rhizosphere; while the negative effect was only observed on root biomass. We also found that fertilization decreased the responses of soil respiration, root biomass and the abundance of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere to inoculation. However, it decreased the responses of net photosynthesis, shoot biomass and shoot N and P content to inoculation. Conclusively, AMF inoculation promoted soil respiration by enhancing substrate supply, respiratory capacity and the demand for products; while the impacts of inoculation were weakened by fertilization via respiration capacity and the demand for the products.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytical Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Murugesan Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of higher plants which increase the growth and nutrient uptake of host plants. The primary objective was initiated based on analyzing the enormity of optimal effects upon AMF inoculation in a comparative bias between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants stipulated on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Consequently, in accomplishing the above-mentioned objective a vast literature was collected, analyzed, and evaluated to establish a weighted meta-analysis irrespective of AMF species, plant species, family and functional group, and experimental conditions in the context of beneficial effects of AMF. I found a significant increase in the shoot, root, and total biomass by 36.3%, 28.5%, and, 29.7%, respectively. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants significantly increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium uptake by 36.3%, 22.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. Affirmatively upon cross-verification studies, plant growth parameters intensification was accredited to AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus followed by Funniliforme mosseae), plants (Triticum aestivum followed by Solanum lycopersicum), and plant functional groups (dicot, herbs, and perennial) were the additional vital important significant predictor variables of plant growth responses. Therefore, the meta-analysis concluded that the emancipated prominent root characteristics, increased morphological traits that eventually help the host plants for efficient phosphorus uptake, thereby enhancing plant biomass. The present analysis can be rationalized for any plant stress and assessment of any microbial agent that contributes to plant growth promotion.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salinity stress and alter phenolic compounds of Moldavian balm

Rhizosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100417
Author(s):  
Sevda Alizadeh ◽  
Syamak Fallahi Gharagoz ◽  
Latifeh Pourakbar ◽  
Sina Siavash Moghaddam ◽  
Masoumeh Jamal Omidi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals Beyond nutrients: a meta-analysis of the diverse effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plants and soils

Ecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 2111-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille S. Delavaux ◽  
Lauren M. Smith-Ramesh ◽  
Sara E. Kuebbing
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals Current developments in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi research and its role in salinity stress alleviation: a biotechnological perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Joanna F. Dames ◽  
Aditi Gupta ◽  
Satyawati Sharma ◽  
Jack A. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Stress Alleviation

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize seedlings under salt stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Xu, Yan Lu ◽  
Shuyuan Tong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Rubisco Activity

The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus. tortuosum on morphology, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, photosynthetic capacity and rubisco activity of maize under saline stress were detected under potted culture experiments. The experimental result indicated the saline stress notably reduced both dry mass and leaf area in contrast with the control treatment. Nevertheless, AMF remarkably ameliorated dry mass and leaf area under saline stress environment. Besides, maize plants appeared to have high dependency on AMF which improved physiological mechanisms by raising chlorophyll content, efficiency of light energy utilization, gas exchange and rubisco activity under salinity stress. In conclusion, AM could mitigate the growth limitations caused by salinity stress, and hence play a very important role in promoting photosynthetic capacity under salt stress in maize.

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