scholarly journals Impact of Wheat on Soybean Cyst Nematode Population Density in Double-Cropping Soybean Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Rocha ◽  
Mirian F. Pimentel ◽  
John Bailey ◽  
Terry Wyciskalla ◽  
Dan Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Double-cropping is defined as producing more than one crop on the same parcel of land in a single growing season. It is reported to have many benefits when incorporated in cropping systems, including improving soil health. In some double-cropping systems, soybean is planted following winter wheat. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean pathogen, and several reports suggest suppressive effects of wheat on SCN populations. Field trials were conducted from 2017 to 2018 to investigate the effect of wheat on SCN populations in double-cropping soybean. Nine fields with three levels of initial SCN populations (low, moderate, and high) were selected in Illinois. Wheat was planted in strips alternating with strips-maintained weed-free and under fallow over winter and early spring. Soybean was planted in all strips after wheat harvest. SCN egg densities were acquired at four time points: wheat establishment, post-wheat/pre-soybean, mid-soybean (R1 growth stage or beginning of flowering), and post-soybean harvest. Wheat strips reduced SCN egg densities compared with fallow strips at the R1 stage (−31.8%) and after soybean harvest (−32.7%). Double-cropping soybean with wheat has the potential to suppress SCN field populations and is a system with the potential to provide additional farm income. This study is meant to be a first step toward a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern the suppression of SCN by wheat.

Glucosinolate Production by Five Field-GrownBrassica napusCultivars Used as Green Manures

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽  
Matthew J. Morra ◽  
Mary J. Guttieri ◽  
Paul D. Brown ◽  
Jack Brown
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration

Winter rape (Brassica napusL.) green manures have shown potential for erosion control and suppression of weeds and other pests in potato cropping systems. However, little information on residue cover, biomass production, glucosinolate concentration, and glucosinolate production with winter rape grown as a green manure is available. In field trials in southern Idaho, ‘Aspen,’ ‘Bridger,’ ‘Cascade,’ ‘Dwarf Essex,’ and ‘Humus’ winter rape were planted in mid-August and incorporated the following spring in late April or early May. All five cultivars provided > 80% fall, winter, and early spring residue cover. Winter rape dry weight just before incorporation was 2,880 to 4,462 kg/ha in 1994 and 5,438 to 7,837 kg/ha in 1995. The major glucosinolate in roots of all five cultivars was phenylethyl glucosinolate; the major glucosinolates in shoots were 4-pentenyl, 2-hydroxybutenyl, 3-butenyl, and 2-hydroxypentenyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolate concentrations varied between years, but concentrations were higher in Dwarf Essex and Humus than in Aspen both years. Glucosinolate production per hectare also was highest in Dwarf Essex and Humus and lowest in Aspen. Dwarf Essex and Humus produced higher amounts of isothiocyanate (ITC) and oxazolidinethione (OZT)-producing glucosinolates than Aspen, Bridger, or Cascade, and therefore may be better biofumigants.

scholarly journals Effects of Seven Diversified Crop Rotations on Selected Soil Health Indicators and Wheat Productivity

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Yingxing Zhao ◽  
Mahdi Al-Kaisi ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
Yuanquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Double Cropping

Diversified cropping systems can enhance soil condition and increase system productivity worldwide. To reduce the negative effects that accompany the continuous winter wheat–summer maize (WM) double-cropping in the North China Plain (NCP), diversified crop rotation (DCR) needs to be considered. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of DCR on soil health and wheat productivity as compared to a continuous WM double-cropping. A field experiment (37°41′ N, 116°37′ E) was established in the NCP including a traditional WM double-cropping as a baseline. During 2016/2017–2017/2018, the control is winter wheat–summer maize→winter wheat–summer maize (WM→WM) and seven DCRs as follow: fallow→winter wheat–summer maize (F→WM); spring maize→winter wheat–summer maize (Ms→WM); winter wheat→winter wheat–summer maize (W→WM); sweet potato→winter wheat–summer maize (Psw→WM); spring peanut→winter wheat–summer maize (Pns→WM); winter wheat–summer peanut→winter wheat–summer maize (WPn→WM) and potato–silage maize→winter wheat–summer maize (PMl→WM). Our results indicated that DCRs significantly changed certain soil health indicators in 2016/2017 compared with the control, where F→WM rotation significantly decreased soil pH by 2.7%. The DCRs, especial Psw→WM and Pns→WM rotations showed a potential positive effect on soil health indicators at the end of the second year (2017/2018) compared with the control, where sweet potato increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), urease activity (UA) and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in 2017/2018 by 5.1%, 5.3%, 13.8%, 9.4%, and 13.5%, respectively. With the spring peanut, TN, AP, and soil APA were increased by 2.1%, 13.2%, and 7.7%, respectively. Although fertilizer and irrigation input of DCRs were lower than the control, no significant decrease was observed on actual wheat yield as compared to the control (7.79 Mg/ha). The finding of this study highlights the value of DCRs, especially, Psw→WM and Pns→WM rotations over WM double-cropping in the NCP.

Comparative host suitability of common bean cultivars to the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in Iran

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Naser Safaie ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Ramin Heydari
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AbstractThe first occurrence of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, on beans in Iran was documented when a cyst-forming nematode was detected in a commercial common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) field in Iran and subsequently identified as H. glycines. The population was identified as HG Type 0. Host suitability of the 11 P. vulgaris cultivars most commonly grown in the country were evaluated with that population in pot and field trials. Pot assays were conducted in a growth chamber and nematode reproduction on the cultivars was compared. In the field trials, host suitability of the tested entries was evaluated in a field naturally infested with H. glycines. In both the pot and field experiments, most of the common bean cultivars were susceptible or moderately susceptible to the HG Type 0 populations of H. glycines. Common bean cvs Sayad and Dehghan were classified as moderately resistant in pot trials and were moderately resistant and moderately susceptible, respectively, in field trials. The occurrence of H. glycines in commercial bean production fields and lack of high levels of resistance of the commonly grown P. vulgaris cultivars could severely affect common bean and soybean production programmes in Iran.

scholarly journals A Bacillus thuringiensis Cry protein controls soybean cyst nematode in transgenic soybean plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Kahn ◽  
Nicholas B. Duck ◽  
Michael T. McCarville ◽  
Laura Cooper Schouten ◽  
Kathryn Schweri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Cry Protein ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Slow Decline ◽  
Soybean Plants

AbstractPlant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are economically important pests of agricultural crops, and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in particular is responsible for a large amount of damage to soybean. The need for new solutions for controlling SCN is becoming increasingly urgent, due to the slow decline in effectiveness of the widely used native soybean resistance derived from genetic line PI 88788. Thus, developing transgenic traits for controlling SCN is of great interest. Here, we report a Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, Cry14Ab, that controls SCN in transgenic soybean. Experiments in C. elegans suggest the mechanism by which the protein controls nematodes involves damaging the intestine, similar to the mechanism of Cry proteins used to control insects. Plants expressing Cry14Ab show a significant reduction in cyst numbers compared to control plants 30 days after infestation. Field trials also show a reduction in SCN egg counts compared with control plants, demonstrating that this protein has excellent potential to control PPNs in soybean.

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