scholarly journals Development of Sorghum Genotypes for Improved Yield and Resistance to Grain Mold Using Population Breeding Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aruna ◽  
I. K. Das ◽  
P. Sanjana Reddy ◽  
R. B. Ghorade ◽  
A. R. Gulhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Grain Mold ◽  
Population Breeding ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Mold Resistance ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The infection caused by grain mold in rainy season grown sorghum deteriorates the physical and chemical quality of the grain, which causes a reduction in grain size, blackening, and making them unfit for human consumption. Therefore, the breeding for grain mold resistance has become a necessity. Pedigree breeding has been widely used across the globe to tackle the problem of grain mold. In the present study, a population breeding approach was employed to develop genotypes resistant to grain mold. The complex genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) make the task of identifying stable grain mold-resistant lines with good grain yield (GY) challenging. In this study, the performance of the 33 population breeding derivatives selected from the four-location evaluation of 150 genotypes in 2017 was in turn evaluated over four locations during the rainy season of 2018. The Genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was used to analyze a significant GEI observed for GY, grain mold resistance, and all other associated traits. For GY, the location explained a higher proportion of variation (51.7%) while genotype (G) × location (L) contributed to 21.9% and the genotype contributed to 11.2% of the total variation. For grain mold resistance, G × L contributed to a higher proportion of variation (30.7%). A graphical biplot approach helped in identifying promising genotypes for GY and grain mold resistance. Among the test locations, Dharwad was an ideal location for both GY and grain mold resistance. The test locations were partitioned into three clusters for GY and two clusters for grain mold resistance through a “which-won-where” study. Best genotypes in each of these clusters were selected. The breeding for a specific cluster is suggested. Genotype-by-trait biplots indicated that GY is influenced by flowering time, 100-grain weight (HGW), and plant height (PH), whereas grain mold resistance is influenced by glume coverage and PH. Because GY and grain mold score were independent of each other, there is a scope to improve both yield and resistance together.

scholarly journals Limnological characteristics of a reservoir in semiarid Northeastern Brazil subject to intensive tilapia farming (Orechromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Artur Valões Bezerra ◽  
Walt Disney Paulino ◽  
Danielle Sequeira Garcez ◽  
Helena Becker ◽  
Jorge Iván Sánchez-Botero
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
T Test ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AIM: There is currently no consensus regarding the physical and chemical variability of tropical reservoirs. In semiarid Northeastern Brazil, reservoirs are among other things used for human consumption, industrial water supply and intensive fish farming, all of which can impact water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical variability of the water in Sítios Novos, a reservoir in semiarid Northeastern Brazil, comparing samples collected in areas of intensive tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming to samples from areas not directly impacted by aquaculture, in both the dry and the rainy season. METHODS: Between October 2010 and July 2011, data were collected on temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, salinity, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, oxygen demand, total phosphorus and total nitrogen levels in the water column using a multiparametric probe at four different sampling locations. Physical and chemical differences between the four locations were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test and Dunn's post test, while the t test, followed by Welchʼs correction, was used to compare samples collected in different seasons. RESULTS: No influence of intensive aquaculture was detected when comparing sampling locations near fish farms (180C and 300C) to locations not directly impacted by aquaculture (LIMN1, near the dam, and LIMN2, near the debouch of the São Gonçalo river). However, the sampling locations differed significantly (p<0.05) with regard to conductivity, pH, turbidity and chlorophyll a levels. CONCLUSIONS: The physical and chemical variability was greater between seasons than between locations when the data were analyzed with the t test. That analysis showed significant differences for 22 of 40 comparisons between the 10 physical and chemical parameters in the two seasons at the four sampling locations. In conclusion, the physical and chemical variability registered for the Sítios Novos reservoir throughout the study period indicates morphometric, meteorological and hydrological heterogeneity, with emphasis on the differences between LIMN2 and the other three sampling locations and between the rainy season and the dry season. According to the calculated trophic status index, the reservoir is supereutrophic in the rainy season and supereutrophic to hypereutrophic in the dry season.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of grain mold resistance in white seed sorghum genotypes

Euphytica ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 145 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Audilakshmi ◽  
J. W. Stenhouse ◽  
T. P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Grain Mold ◽  
Mold Resistance ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

scholarly journals PSVIII-29 Analysis of genotype by environment interaction across time for Nile tilapia reared in different production systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 269-270
Author(s):  
Arthur Francisco Araujo Fernandes ◽  
Erika R de Alvarenga ◽  
Gabriel F O Alves ◽  
Ludson G Manduca ◽  
Fabio L B Toral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Genotype By Environment

Abstract Nile tilapia is the second most important freshwater fish for human consumption worldwide and it is produced under many different conditions. Even though genotype by environment interaction (GEI) can arise due to many factors, most studies with tilapia have focused on water quality on pond and cage systems. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to evaluate GEI on body weight (BW) of Nile tilapia raised in biofloc technology (BFT), Cage, and recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) from 100 to 350 days of age. A Bayesian multi-trait random regression model (MTRRM) with age as random regression covariable was employed to evaluate the temporal trend of GEI. Estimated genetic correlations between BFT and RAS were above 0.7 for almost any combination of ages evaluated (Figure 1). However, genetic correlations between Cage at ages below 150 days with either BFT or RAS at any other age were positive but below 0.5. The posterior means of heritability for BW were found to reach peaks of 0.40, 0.38 and 0.29 around 230 days for RAS, BFT, and Cage respectively (Figure 2). Conversely, the ratio between common family environment and phenotypic variances presented an overall decreasing trend with minimums around 0.22, 0.15 and 0.10 at 230 days for Cage, RAS, and BFT, respectively. The MTRRM has shown to be a powerful statistical tool to assess changes across time for genetic parameters of interest. In conclusion, GEI was found to be dynamic across time, with stronger effects between Cage and both BFT and RAS if selection is promoted prior to 150 days. However, GEI is negligible for most of the situations considered if selection is performed after 200 days of age in either BTF or RAS, with the possibility of achieving better indirect selection results if selection is performed around 230 days.

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality and Safety of Farm Level Produced Cheeses from Sheep and Goat Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3196
Author(s):  
Mariana Kováčová ◽  
Jana Výrostková ◽  
Eva Dudriková ◽  
František Zigo ◽  
Boris Semjon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Goat's Milk ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Consumption of sheep’s and goat’s milk and cheese is currently increasing. The production process of these types of cheese is being carried out by traditional domestic production at farm level. However, knowledge in the field of hygiene, technology and health safety of cheeses are still insufficient. This study aimed to examine the physical and chemical quality and microbiological safety of sheep’s and goat’s milk and cheeses made from them. The month of milking influenced the content of milk components (p < 0.001) in sheep’s milk and goat’s milk, but no changes in SCC content during the examined period were found (p > 0.05). Level of contamination by Enterobacteriaceae sp. and coagulase-positive staphylococci was lower than 5 log CFU/mL in sheep’s and goat’s milk. During the ripening time, the number of lactic acid bacteria significantly raised (p < 0.001). Ripening time statistically changed (p < 0.001) not just the microbial safety of cheeses but also the color (p < 0.01). Under the applicable regulations, the analyzed samples were evaluated as suitable for human consumption.

Using AMMI approach to delineate genotype by environment interaction and stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under northern Indian shivalik hill conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Yadav ◽  
A. K. Razdan ◽  
Bupesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Singh ◽  
Anjani K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Principal Component Axis ◽  
Ammi Analysis

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of 18 barley varieties was assessed during two successive rabi crop seasons so as to identify high yielding and stable barley varieties. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes (G), environment (E) and GEI accounted for 1672.35, 78.25 and 20.51 of total variance, respectively. Partitioning of sum of squares due to GEI revealed significance of interaction principal component axis IPCA1 only On the basis of AMMI biplot analysis DWRB 137 (41.03qha–1), RD 2715 (32.54qha–1), BH 902 (37.53qha–1) and RD 2907 (33.29qha–1) exhibited grain yield superiority of 64.45, 30.42, 50.42 and 33.42 per cent, respectively over farmers’ recycled variety (24.43qha–1).

Exploring genotype‐by‐environment interaction in sweet sorghum under tropical environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vander Fillipe Souza ◽  
Pedro César de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Indalécio Cunha Vieira Júnior ◽  
Isadora Cristina Martins Oliveira ◽  
Cynthia Maria Borges Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Tropical Environments

Genotype by environment interaction on phenology and synchronous maturity of mungbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Marwiyah ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas xxx ◽  
Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo
Keyword(s):  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype By Environment
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