scholarly journals Under-Vine Vegetation Mitigates the Impacts of Excessive Precipitation in Vineyards

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Vanden Heuvel ◽  
Michela Centinari
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Diseased Fruit ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation Events

Excessive precipitation events have greatly increased in several grape growing regions due to human-caused climate change. These heavy downpours result in a myriad of problems in the vineyard including soil aggregate breakdown, soil runoff, nutrient leaching, excessive vine vegetative growth, and diseased fruit. The negative impacts of excessive precipitation events on vineyards are exacerbated by the maintenance of bare soil under the vines. Exposure of bare soil results in soil erosion and runoff which pollutes nearby watersheds; raindrops weaken and break apart soil aggregates, leading to increased soil erosivity and contributing to the formation of surface crusts. In addition to excessive precipitation events, some grape growing regions can be characterized by fertile soils. The availability of ample water and nutrients can lead to highly vigorous vines with shoot growth continuing through harvest. Long shoots and large leaves result in shaded fruit, a humid vine microclimate, and excessive cluster rot. In this review, we examined how either natural (i.e., resident) or seeded under-vine vegetation (UVV) can help mitigate many of the problems associated with excessive precipitation. Through providing vegetative coverage to reduce the force of raindrops, increasing soil organic matter and enhancing soil microbial diversity, UVV can reduce the soil degradation and off-site impacts caused by excessive precipitation events. Through competition for soil resources, UVV can reduce excessive vegetative growth of vines and decrease cluster rot incidence and severity, although grapevine response to UVV can be highly variable. We discussed recent advances in understanding below and aboveground vine response and acclimation to UVV and presented current evidence of factors influencing the impact of UVV on vine growth and productivity to assist practitioners in making informed decisions and maximize the ecosystem services provided by UVV.

Effects of biochar application on soil microbial diversity in soil aggregates from paddy soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
朱孟涛 ZHU Mengtao ◽  
刘秀霞 LIU Xiuxia ◽  
王佳盟 WANG Jiameng ◽  
刘志伟 LIU Zhiwei ◽  
郑聚锋 ZHENG Jufeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Continuous cropping of cut chrysanthemum reduces rhizospheric soil microbial populations, diversity and network complexity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Cheng ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Hanjie Zhang ◽  
Tianlang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Continuous cropping of cut chrysanthemum causes soil degradation and chrysanthemum quality decline, but the biotic and abiotic mechanisms behind it remain unclear. This impedes our ability to assess the true effects of continuous cropping on agricultural soil functions and our ability to repair impaired soils. Here we examined the impact of different replanting years on microbial communities and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Our results showed that soil total nitrogen (TN) and organic carbon (SOC) contents were significantly lower in the soil with 12 years of continuous cropping (Y12) than that in the soil with 1 year of cropping (Y1). Compared with Y1, Y12 treatment decreased alkaline phosphatase and β -glucosidase by 12.1 and 24.4%, but increased the activities of soil urease and catalase by 98.2 and 34.8%, respectively. Soil bacterial populations in Y6 (continuous cropping for 6 years) and Y12 treatments decreased by 52.3 and 87.5% compared with that in Y1 treatment. Moreover, the bacterial α-diversity (Shannon index) significantly decreased by 37.3 and 57.6% over 6 and 12 years of continuous cropping, respectively. Long-term monoculture cropping shifted the bacterial community composition, with decreased abundances of dominant phyla such as Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, but with an increase in the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes. Moreover, Y6 and Y12 treatments harbored less microbial network complexity, lower bacterial taxa, and fewer linkages among bacterial taxa, relative to Y1. Soil pH, SOC, and TN were the main edaphic factors affecting soil bacterial community compositions and diversity. Overall, our results demonstrate that continuous cropping has a significant negative impact on soil microbial diversity and complexity.

scholarly journals Impact of Agrochemicals on Soil Microbiota and Management: A Review

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Meena ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Rahul Datta ◽  
Rattan Lal ◽  
Vinod Vijayakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that in developing nations, there are three million cases of agrochemical poisoning. The prolonged intensive and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals adversely affected the soil biodiversity, agricultural sustainability, and food safety, bringing in long-term harmful effects on nutritional security, human and animal health. Most of the agrochemicals negatively affect soil microbial functions and biochemical processes. The alteration in diversity and composition of the beneficial microbial community can be unfavorable to plant growth and development either by reducing nutrient availability or by increasing disease incidence. Currently, there is a need for qualitative, innovative, and demand-driven research in soil science, especially in developing countries for facilitating of high-quality eco-friendly research by creating a conducive and trustworthy work atmosphere, thereby rewarding productivity and merits. Hence, we reviewed (1) the impact of various agrochemicals on the soil microbial diversity and environment; (2) the importance of smallholder farmers for sustainable crop protection and enhancement solutions, and (3) management strategies that serve the scientific community, policymakers, and land managers in integrating soil enhancement and sustainability practices in smallholder farming households. The current review provides an improved understanding of agricultural soil management for food and nutritional security.

Conservation of forest soil microbial diversity: the impact of fire and research needs

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Staddon ◽  
L. C. Duchesne ◽  
J. T. Trevors
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact

While increasing attention has been given to issues surrounding biodiversity in recent years, little is known about the diversity of forest soil microorganisms. This is a serious gap in knowledge given the significant roles played by microorganisms in ecosystem functioning. This paper addresses issues surrounding conservation of microbial diversity in forest soils with an emphasis on the impact of fire. Recently developed techniques such as phospholipid fatty acid profiling, DNA reassociation, and carbon substrate utilization will also be reviewed for their applicability to biodiversity research. Future research needs are also discussed.Key words: biodiversity, conservation, forest soils, fire, microbial diversity.

The impact of crop rotation on soil microbial diversity: A meta-analysis

Pedobiologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zander Samuel Venter ◽  
Karin Jacobs ◽  
Heidi-Jayne Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Erosion reduces soil microbial diversity, network complexity and multifunctionality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Qiu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Hansong Zhu ◽  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
Samiran Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile soil erosion drives land degradation, the impact of erosion on soil microbial communities and multiple soil functions remains unclear. This hinders our ability to assess the true impact of erosion on soil ecosystem services and our ability to restore eroded environments. Here we examined the effect of erosion on microbial communities at two sites with contrasting soil texture and climates. Eroded plots had lower microbial network complexity, fewer microbial taxa, and fewer associations among microbial taxa, relative to non-eroded plots. Soil erosion also shifted microbial community composition, with decreased relative abundances of dominant phyla such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes. In contrast, erosion led to an increase in the relative abundances of some bacterial families involved in N cycling, such as Acetobacteraceae and Beijerinckiaceae. Changes in microbiota characteristics were strongly related with erosion-induced changes in soil multifunctionality. Together, these results demonstrate that soil erosion has a significant negative impact on soil microbial diversity and functionality.

scholarly journals Hidden heterogeneity and co-occurrence networks of soil prokaryotic communities revealed at the scale of individual soil aggregates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Szoboszlay ◽  
Christoph C. Tebbe
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSequencing PCR-amplified gene fragments from metagenomic DNA is a widely applied method for studying the diversity and dynamics of soil microbial communities. Typically DNA is extracted from 0.25 to 1 g of soil. These amounts, however, neglect the heterogeneity of soil present at the scale of soil aggregates; and thus, ignore a crucial scale for understanding the structure and functionality of soil microbial communities. Here we show with a nitrogen-depleted agricultural soil the impact of reducing the amount of soil used for DNA extraction from 250 mg to approx. 1 mg in order to access spatial information on the prokaryotic community structure as indicated by 16S rRNA-gene amplicon analyses. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individual aggregates from the same soil differ in their prokaryotic communities. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences from individual soil aggregates allowed us, in contrast to 250 mg soil samples, to construct a co-occurrence network that provides insight into the structure of microbial associations in the studied soil. Two dense clusters were apparent in the network, one dominated by Thaumarchaeota, known to be capable of ammonium oxidation at low N concentrations, and the other by Acidobacteria subgroup 6 probably representing an oligotrophic lifestyle to obtain energy from SOC. Overall this study demonstrates that DNA obtained from individual soil aggregates provides new insights into how microbial communities are assembled.

scholarly journals Arable agriculture changes soil microbial communities in the South African Grassland Biome

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Kamgan Nkuekam ◽  
Don A. Cowan ◽  
Angel Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Grassland

Many studies, mostly in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, have demonstrated that agricultural practices affect the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. However, very little is known about the impact of agriculture on the microbial communities in other regions of the world, most particularly on the African continent. In this study, we used MiSeq amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS regions to characterise microbial communities in agricultural and natural grassland soils located in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. Nine soil chemical parameters were also measured to evaluate the effects of edaphic factors on microbial community diversity. Bacterial and fungal communities were significantly richer and more diverse in natural grassland than in agricultural soils. Microbial taxonomic composition was also significantly different between the two habitat types. The phylum Acidobacteria was significantly more abundant in natural grassland than in agricultural soils, while Actinobacteria and the family Nectriaceae showed the opposite pattern. Soil pH and phosphorus significantly influenced bacterial communities, whereas phosphorus and calcium influenced fungal communities. These findings may be interpreted as a negative impact of land-use change on soil microbial diversity and composition.

scholarly journals Soil microbial community variation with time and soil depth in Eurasian Steppe (Inner Mongolia, China)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Zhao ◽  
Wenling Zheng ◽  
Shengwei Zhang ◽  
Wenlong Gao ◽  
Yueyue Fan
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Soil microorganisms play an indispensable role in the material and energy cycle of grassland ecosystems. The abundance of these organisms vary according to environmental factors, such as time of year and soil depth. There have been few studies on the transformation of soil microbial communities in degraded typical steppe according to these temporal and spatial changes. In this study, we analyze the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi, and the impact of these changing temporal and spatial factors upon the community structure. Methods From May to September 2018, we collected 90 soil samples from different depths (10, 20, and 30 cm) from the typical degraded steppe area of Xilingol. We carried out studies on soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial diversity using high-throughput sequencing technology. Results We found that depth significantly affected abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi. Bacteria and fungi diversity at 10 cm was higher than that at 20 cm and 30 cm. The abundance of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes varies significantly with depth. In addition, soil pH increased significantly with increasing depth, while soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), volume water content of soil (VWC), and soil temperature (ST) decreased significantly with increasing depth. Finally, the depth, total organic carbon (TOC), and AN had a significant impact on the bacterial and fungal communities’ abundance (p < 0.05). Conclusions Spatial heterogeneity (in soil depth) is more significant than the time of year (month) in predicting changes in microbial community composition and soil properties. SOM, VWC, and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes positively correlate with soil depth, while pH and the abundance of Acidobacteria, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes negatively correlate with soil depth. We speculate that SOM and VWC account for the variations in the abundance of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, while pH causes variations in the abundance of Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycota.

scholarly journals Impacts of Chlorpyrifos and Deltamethrin on Soil Bacterial Community Composition in Different Salinity Soils: Natural Attenuation Microcosm Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safoura Hashemi Jokar ◽  
Mahmoud Shavandi ◽  
Azam Haddadi ◽  
Ebrahim Alaie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Control Microcosm ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Pesticides and insecticides are the chemicals widely used in the agricultural industry, but their ecotoxicological effects on the environment are not still well understood. In this study, the remediation of chlorpyrifos (CP) and deltamethrin (DM) and their impacts on soil microbial diversity was investigated. Four different soils with various salinity (0%, 1%, 2% and 4%) were artificially contaminated by CP and DM. Then, natural attenuation of the pesticides in soil microcosms and their effects on soil microbial composition were studied by metagenomics. The pesticide natural attenuation analysis showed higher CP remediation in slightly saline soils with 1% and 2% salinity and faster removal of DM in 1% saline soil in comparison to non-saline control microcosm. The complete natural attenuation of the contaminants took around 60 days. The metagenomics analysis indicated that pesticide contamination had significant impacts on the soil flora and some dominant species in the control microcosm were completely eliminated by CP and DM. In addition, Paenibacillus (2% salinity and DM), Bacillus (4% salinity and CP), Paeniclostridium (1% salinity and DM) and Lachnospiraceae (1% salinity and CP) were the dominant genus by 77%, 50%, 41% and 39% relative abundances, respectively. At phylum level, the sequences belonged to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were considerably enriched during natural attenuation of both DM and CP pesticides. Furthermore, Shannon and Simpson Indexes were identified more sensitive to the microbial community evenness, while, Chao1 and ACE indexes were changed by the community abundance. It was revealed that the highest negative impacts of deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos on the culturable and unculturable communities were related to the non-saline soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document