Effect and Response of Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp. Seedlings From Three Contrasting Andalusian Populations to Individual and Combined Phytophthora cinnamomi and Drought Stresses

Quercus ilex L. is the dominant species in the Mediterranean forest and agrosilvopastoral ecosystem “dehesa.” Currently, this forest species is threatened by natural and anthropogenic agents, especially by the decline syndrome, which is caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi and drought periods. Although the morphological and physiological responses of Q. ilex to combined stress (P. cinnamomi and drought) have been examined already, little is known at the molecular level. In this study, we studied the effect and response of 8-month seedlings from three contrasting Andalusian populations (Seville [Se], Granada [Gr], and Almeria [Al]) to the individual and combined stresses of P. cinnamomi and drought from morphological, physiological, biochemical, and proteomics data. Whereas, seedling damage (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) and mortality were greater under the combined stresses in the three populations, the effect of each individual stress was population-dependent. Resilient individuals were found in all the populations at different percentages. The decrease in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic activity, and stomatal conductance observed in undamaged seedlings was greater in the presence of both stresses, the three populations responding similarly to drought and P. cinnamomi. Biochemical and proteomic analyses of undamaged seedlings from the two most markedly contrasting populations (Se and Al) revealed the absence of significant differences in the contents in photosynthetic pigments, amino acids, and phenolics among treatments. The Se and Al populations exhibited changes in protein profile in response to the different treatments, with 83 variable proteins in the former population and 223 in the latter. Variable proteins belonged to 16 different functional groups, the best represented among which were protein folding, sorting and degradation, carbohydrate, amino acid, and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, and ROS scavenging. While photosynthetic proteins were mainly downaccumulated, those of stress-responsive were upaccumulated. Although no treatment-specific response was observed in any functional group, differences in abundance were especially marked under the combined stresses. The following variable proteins are proposed as putative markers for resilience in Q. ilex, namely, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, 50S ribosomal protein L5, and α-1,4-glucan-protein synthase [UDP-forming].

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Proteomics, Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) and Other Recalcitrant and Orphan Forest Tree Species: How do They See Each Other?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20030692 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 692 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

María-Dolores Rey ◽

María Castillejo ◽

Rosa Sánchez-Lucas ◽

Victor Guerrero-Sanchez ◽

Cristina López-Hidalgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Quercus Ilex ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Plant Biology ◽

Spectrometric Analysis ◽

Full Potential ◽

Proteomics Data ◽

Forest Tree Species ◽

Complementary Techniques

Proteomics has had a big impact on plant biology, considered as a valuable tool for several forest species, such as Quercus, Pines, Poplars, and Eucalyptus. This review assesses the potential and limitations of the proteomics approaches and is focused on Quercus ilex as a model species and other forest tree species. Proteomics has been used with Q. ilex since 2003 with the main aim of examining natural variability, developmental processes, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as in other species of the genus Quercus or Pinus. As with the progress in techniques in proteomics in other plant species, the research in Q. ilex moved from 2-DE based strategy to the latest gel-free shotgun workflows. Experimental design, protein extraction, mass spectrometric analysis, confidence levels of qualitative and quantitative proteomics data, and their interpretation are a true challenge with relation to forest tree species due to their extreme orphan and recalcitrant (non-orthodox) nature. Implementing a systems biology approach, it is time to validate proteomics data using complementary techniques and integrate it with the -omics and classical approaches. The full potential of the protein field in plant research is quite far from being entirely exploited. However, despite the methodological limitations present in proteomics, there is no doubt that this discipline has contributed to deeper knowledge of plant biology and, currently, is increasingly employed for translational purposes.

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Short-Term Response to Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease Delays Time to Nursing Home Placement

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205015666180507105326 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 905-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carina Wattmo ◽

Elisabet Londos ◽

Lennart Minthon

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Nursing Home Placement ◽

Specific Response ◽

Short Term ◽

Chei Treatment ◽

The Individual ◽

Home Placement ◽

Term Response

Background: A varying response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment has been reported among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether the individual-specific response directly affects time to nursing home placement (NHP) was not investigated. Objective: We examined the relationship between the 6-month response to ChEI and institutionalization. Methods: In a prospective, observational, multicenter study, 881 outpatients with a clinical AD diagnosis and a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 10-26 at the start of ChEI therapy (baseline) were included. The participants were evaluated using cognitive, global, and activities of daily living (ADL) scales at baseline and semiannually over 3 years. The date of NHP was recorded. Results: During the study, 213 patients (24%) were admitted to nursing homes. The mean ± standard deviation time from baseline (AD diagnosis) to NHP was 20.8 ± 9.3 months. After 6 months of ChEI treatment, the improved/unchanged individuals had longer time to NHP than those who worsened. The prolonged time to NHP was 3 months for cognitive response (P=0.022), 4 months for global response (P=0.004), 6 months for basic ADL response (P<0.001), and 8 months for response in all three scales (P<0.001). No differences were detected between the improved and unchanged groups in any scales. Conclusion: Patients who exhibit a positive short-term response to ChEI can expect to stay in their own home for 3-8 months longer. These findings underline the importance of a comprehensive clinical examination including various assessment scales to evaluate treatment response and provide a more accurate prognosis.

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Recent results of Czech-American fir hybridization research

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/55/2012-jfs ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 64-71

Author(s):

J. Kobliha ◽

J. Stejskal ◽

P. Škorpík ◽

J. Frampton

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

Tree Plantations ◽

Christmas Tree ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Abies Fraseri ◽

Fraser Fir ◽

Abies Cephalonica ◽

Basic Parameters ◽

Viable Seeds ◽

The Individual

Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) Christmas tree plantations in North Carolina are infested by root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. This disease kills almost 100% of Fraser fir material and leaves the soil permanently infested. Control crossings of Mediterranean fir hybrids Abies cilicica × Abies cephalonica with Abies fraseri were performed to ensure possibly resistant hybrid material of desired Christmas tree parameters. Pollen of various clones of A. fraseri was shipped to the Czech Republic by NCSU. Control pollinations were performed in April/May 2010 and 2011 in our hybridization seed orchards. Female strobili were isolated in the period of their highest receptibility. Cones were collected during September. Cones were dried and completely disintegrated. Basic parameters of cones and seeds were assessed for each seed lot. Seed samples of the individual seed lots were X-rayed for assessment of the final share of full seeds. In 2010, the most successful combination CZ2 × NC81 brought 7% of viable seeds. In 2011 the most successful combination was CZ2 × NC26 with 18% of viable seeds.

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Nitrogen Limitation Alters the Response of Specific Genes to Biotic Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19113364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 3364 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mahsa Farjad ◽

Martine Rigault ◽

Stéphanie Pateyron ◽

Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette ◽

Anne Krapp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Biotic Stress ◽

Erwinia Amylovora ◽

Specific Response ◽

Transcriptomic Data ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

N Limitation ◽

Combined Stresses ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Transcriptomic Responses

In their natural environment, plants are generally confronted with multiple co-occurring stresses. However, the interaction between stresses is not well known and transcriptomic data in response to combined stresses remain scarce. This study aims at characterizing the interaction between transcriptomic responses to biotic stress and nitrogen (N) limitation. Plants were grown in low or full N, infected or not with Erwinia amylovora (Ea) and plant gene expression was analyzed through microarray and qRT-PCR. Most Ea-responsive genes had the same profile (induced/repressed) in response to Ea in low and full N. In response to stress combination, one third of modulated transcripts responded in a manner that could not be deduced from their response to each individual stress. Many defense-related genes showed a prioritization of their response to biotic stress over their response to N limitation, which was also observed using Pseudomonas syringae as a second pathosystem. Our results indicate an interaction between transcriptomic responses to N and biotic stress. A small fraction of transcripts was prioritized between antagonistic responses, reflecting a preservation of the plant defense program under N limitation. Furthermore, this interaction also led to a complex and specific response in terms of metabolism and cellular homeostasis-associated genes.

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Benzyladenine and Gibberellic Acid Application Prevents Abscisic Acid-induced Leaf Chlorosis in Pansy and Viola

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.6.925 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 925-933 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nicole L. Waterland ◽

John J. Finer ◽

Michelle L. Jones

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Water Loss ◽

Leaf Chlorosis ◽

Bedding Plant ◽

Leaf Yellowing ◽

Negative Side Effects ◽

The Individual

Drought stress during the shipping and retailing of floriculture crops can reduce postproduction shelf life and marketability. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates drought stress responses by closing stomata and reducing water loss. Applications of exogenous s-ABA effectively reduce water loss and allow a variety of species to survive temporary periods of drought stress. Unfortunately, s-ABA application can also lead to leaf chlorosis, which reduces the overall quality of economically important bedding plant species, including Viola ×wittrockiana (pansy). The goal of this research was to determine how to prevent s-ABA-induced leaf chlorosis in pansy and a closely related species, Viola cornuta (viola). All concentrations of both spray (250 or 500 mg·L−1) and drench (125 or 250 mg·L−1) s-ABA applications induced leaf yellowing. Young plants at the plug stage and 11-cm finished plants with one to two open flowers were further evaluated to determine if the developmental stage of the plants influenced s-ABA effectiveness or the development of negative side effects. Both plugs and finished pansies and violas developed leaf chlorosis after s-ABA applications, but symptoms were generally more severe in finished plants. The individual application of benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA4+7), or the ethylene perception inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene, before s-ABA application had no effect on the development of s-ABA-induced leaf chlorosis. However, applications of 5 or 10 mg·L−1 BA and GA4+7 as a mixture (BA + GA4+7) before a drench or spray application of s-ABA prevented leaf chlorosis. The application of s-ABA and BA + GA4+7 would allow floriculture crops to tolerate temporary periods of drought stress without any loss of postproduction quality.

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Individual and concurrent effects of drought and chilling stresses on morpho-physiological characteristics and oxidative metabolism of maize cultivars

10.1101/829309 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hafiz Athar Hussain ◽

Shengnan Men ◽

Saddam Hussain ◽

Umair Ashraf ◽

Qingwen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Chilling Stress ◽

Future Research ◽

Specific Response ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Genetically Engineer ◽

Compatible Osmolytes ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

The Individual ◽

Hybrid Maize

AbstractMaize belongs to tropical environment and is extremely sensitive to drought and chilling stress, particularly at early developmental stages. The present study investigated the individual and combine effects of drought (15% PEG-Solution) and chilling stress (15°C/12°C) on the morpho-physiological growth, osmolyte accumulation, production and regulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activities of antioxidants in two maize hybrids i.e., ‘XD889’ and ‘XD319’ and two inbred cultivars i.e., ‘Yu13’ and ‘Yu37’. Individual and combined drought and chilling stresses stimulated the production of O2□, H2O2, OH□ and enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents which led to reduced photosynthetic pigments and morphological growth. Drought, chilling and drought + chilling stress conditions induced the compatible osmolytes, ROS detoxifying proteins and antioxidants to counterbalanced the oxidative damage. It was found that the concurrent occurrence of drought + chilling stress was more lethal for maize seedling growth than the drought and chilling individual stresses. However, the performance of hybrid maize cultivars (XD889 and XD319) was better than the inbred maize cultivars (Yu13 and Yu37). For improving tolerance to individual and concurrent drought and chilling stress in maize, future research focus should be on developing genetically engineer plants that have the ability to generate specific response against sub-optimal temperature and water deficit conditions.

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Spatiotemporal proteomics uncovers cathepsin-dependent host cell death during bacterial infection

10.1101/455048 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joel Selkrig ◽

Nan Li ◽

Jacob Bobonis ◽

Annika Hausmann ◽

Anna Sueki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Host Cell ◽

Isotope Labeling ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Active Role ◽

Specific Response ◽

Proteomics Data ◽

Macrophage Infection ◽

Host Cell Death ◽

Pathogen Destruction

SUMMARYImmune cells need to swiftly and effectively respond to invading pathogens. This response relies heavily on rapid protein synthesis and accurate cellular targeting to ensure pathogen destruction. In return, pathogens intercept this response to ensure their survival and proliferation. To gain insight into this dynamic interface, we combined click-chemistry with pulsed stable isotope labeling of amino acids (pSILAC-AHA) in cell culture to quantify the newly synthesised host proteome during macrophage infection with the model intracellular bacterial pathogen,Salmonella entericaTyphimurium (STm). We monitored newly synthesised proteins across different host cell compartments and infection stages, and used available proteomics data in response to lipopolysaccharide to deconvolute theSTm-specific response. Within this rich resource, we detected aberrant trafficking of lysosomal proteases to the extracellular space and the nucleus, the latter of which correlated with signatures of cell death. Pharmacological cathepsin inhibition suppressed Caspase-11 dependent macrophage cell death, thus demonstrating an active role for cathepsins duringSTm induced pyroptosis. Our study illustrates that resolving host proteome dynamics during infection can drive the discovery of biological mechanisms at the host-microbe interface.

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Еffect of different breeds on the protein profile in ram seminal plasma

BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE ◽

10.15547/bjvm.2285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 344-354

Author(s):

M. Ivanova ◽

D. Gradinarska ◽

S. Yotov ◽

D. Abadjieva ◽

Ts. Tzvetkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seminal Plasma ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Biological Marker ◽

Sds Page ◽

Specific Proteins ◽

Molecular Masses ◽

Seminal Plasma Proteins ◽

The Individual ◽

Individual Profiles

In this study the individual profiles of seminal plasma proteins (SPP) in rams of three breeds – Merino, Pleven Blackhead and Ile de France - were analysed. The study was carried out with three rams at 3, 6 and 10 years of age, grown and fed under similar conditions. Eighteen ejaculates (6 ejaculates from each ram) were evaluated by Sperm Class Analyzer. The total SPP concentration was measured spectrophotometrically. The separation and characterisation of SPP was performed by HPLC and one dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). There were no significant differences between the characteristics of ejaculates and the main kinematic parameters of the sperm in the breeds studied. Chromatograms showed specific profiles with 9, 10 and 11 protein peaks for Merino, Pleven Blackhead and Ile de France breeds, respectively. The total SPP concentration was the highest in the Pleven Blackhead breed and the lowest in Ile de France breed. The major parts of SPP in the three breeds were identical. The seminal plasma of Merino breed contained proteins with molecular mass of 30.3 kDa, 15.7 kDa and 15.2 kDa that were not present in the other two breeds. In the Ile de France and Pleven Blackhead samples only, two proteins with molecular masses of 39.7 kDa and 21.1 kDa, were observed. In conclusion, the detection of specific proteins can be used as a biological marker for sheep breed identification.

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