scholarly journals Mixture Compound Fertilizer and Super Absorbent Polymer Application Significantly Promoted Growth and Increased Nutrient Levels in Pinus massoniana Seedlings and Soil in Seriously Eroded Degradation Region of Southern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanhua Mao ◽  
Ruibo Zha ◽  
Shifa Chen ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ling Jie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Absorbent Polymer

Pinus massoniana is the pioneer tree species in the red soil regions of southern China, however, the serious understory soil erosion and nutrient deficiency in that region are the main factors restricting the growth of P. massoniana. This field study examined the effects of compound fertilizer and super absorbent polymer (SAP) on the physiology, growth characteristics, biomass, soil nutrient, plant nutrient content, and nutrient uptake efficiency of 1-year-old P. massoniana seedlings for 2 years at Changting, Fujian in South China. One control (no fertilizer, CK) and fertilization treatments were established, namely, single compound fertilizer application (0.94, 1.89, and 3.56 g⋅plant–1) and mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application (0.94 + 1.01, 1.89 + 1.01, and 3.56 + 1.01 g⋅plant–1). Fertilization significantly improved the physiological performance, root collar diameter growth, height growth, biomass, and nutrient uptake of the seedlings. Compared with other fertilization treatments, the mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application significantly improved the seedling photosynthesis, which meant that the SAP had a significant effect on promoting photosynthesis. Under the mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application, the whole biomass of the seedlings was higher than that of all other treatments. Fertilization significantly increased the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content in the soils, leaves, stems, and roots of the seedlings, respectively. The P content was the main factor affecting growth characteristics and contributed to 58.03% of the total variation in seedling growth characteristics (P < 0.01). The N:P ratio of CK in the soils, leaves, and stems were higher than that of all the fertilization treatments, indicating that the severely eroded and degraded region had little P and required much of P. The principal component analysis indicated that the F2S (1.89 + 1.01 g) was the optimum fertilization amount and method in this experiment. These results provide a theoretical basis for the fertilization management of P. massoniana forests with severely eroded and degraded red soil regions.

Effects of stand age on soil respiration in Pinus massoniana plantations in the hilly red soil region of Southern China

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyong Yu ◽  
Xiong Yao ◽  
Yangbo Deng ◽  
Zhuangjie Lai ◽  
Lingchen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Hilly Red Soil Region

scholarly journals Influence of Super Absorbent Polymer and Humic Acid on Maize Yield and Nutrient Uptake on Rainfed Alfisols

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Kasthuri Rajamani ◽  
K. Indudhar Reddy ◽  
A. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Absorbent Polymer

The advances and development in agriculture depend not only on mechanization and new hybrid seeds but also on the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties which in turn help to increase crop productivity in dry land soils. A field study was carried out to study the influence of superabsorbent polymer at 2.5 and 4.5 kg ha-1and humic acid at 15 and 30 kg ha-1 alone and their combinations with recommended 100% fertilizers on yield, uptake, and photosynthetic pigments of maize grown on rainfed alfisols at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem, Telangana. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, consisting of nine treatments. Further, results showed that conjoint application of [email protected] kg ha-1 + humic acid@30 kg ha-1 along with 100% RDF package significantly increased the pooled grain and stover yield (7136 and 8457 kg ha-1) of maize. Irrespective level of hydrogel and humic acid combinations with 100% RDF increased the macronutrient uptake by grain and stover, which further build up the total uptake. A similar pattern was also observed in corresponding to grain and stover yield.The chlorophyll “a”, “b” and total chlorophyll content (1.81, 1.69 1.54; 0.69, 0.62, 0.55 and 2.65, 2.46 and 2.24 mg g-1 in fresh plant weight at 30, 60 and 90 DAS) significantly influenced by application of [email protected] kg ha-1+ humic acid@30 kg ha-1.  In conclusion, the present investigation indicates the positive interaction between humic acid and super absorbent polymer which improved nutrient uptake and maize yield.

Impact of Super Absorbent Polymer and Plants on Microbial Community and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation in Contaminated Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Hua Jiao ◽  
Zhi Hui Bai ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Zhan Bin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Absorbent Polymer

A greenhouse pot test, in which wheat, cabbage, spinach were cultivated separately in petroleum contaminated soil with and without super absorbent polymer (SAP), was conducted to evaluated the effect of plants and SAP on soil microbiological properties. phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles were analyzed to reveal the microbial communities. As a measure of the functional activity of soil microbial community, the ratio of degraded to total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in soil was estimated. The results indicated that SAP had an important effect on the soil microbial community and its degrading TPH activities. First, the principal component analysis (PCA) of the PLFA signatures revealed marked changes between soil with SAP and without SAP. In addition, the total amount and the profile of PLFA were significantly different between the untreated and SAP-amended soils. Using PLFA patterns as a biomarker, it was found that gram-positive bacteria (G+) were more sensitive to SAP than gram-negative bacteria (G-), and the biomass of G+ was higher in soil with SAP than in that without SAP. Second, the crop could stimulate the growth of soil microorganisms; however, the differences depended clearly on the crop species. The G+ and G- biomass was increased in cabbage, spinach soil containing SAP, but was decreased in wheat soils. The population of fungi was increased in cabbage and spinach soils containing SAP, but was decreased in wheat soil with SAP. The population of actinomycetes was decreased in all soils with SAP. Third, the ratio of degraded to TPH was slightly increased in soil with SAP treatment, but a significant change depended on the crop species. In total, 12 different PLFAs were identified, including saturated, monounsaturated, branched, and polyunsaturated species. There was a clear difference in the PLFAs composition between soils with and without SAP.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

scholarly journals The Influence of Monomer Composition and Surface-CrossLinking Condition on Biodegradation and Gel Strength of Super Absorbent Polymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Jung Soo Kim ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Youn Suk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Monomer Composition ◽  
Cellulose Hydrogel ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Absorbent Polymer

In this study, a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) comprising poly (IA-co-cellulose-co-VSA-co-AA; ICVA) core-SAP (CSAP) was synthesized through radical polymerization using itaconic acid (IA), acrylic acid (AA), cellulose, and vinyl sulfonic acid (VSA) as monomers. The absorption performances and relative biodegradability of various compositions prepared by adjusting the amounts of cellulose and VSA with constant IA and AA content were compared. Increasing the cellulose content in CSAP contributed to improved biodegradation of the surface-crosslinked SAP (SSAP) and gel strength, although the free absorbency (FA) and centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) decreased. Increasing the VSA content resulted in strong anionicity, which enables the absorption of large amounts of water. Surface-crosslinking technology was applied to the CSAP synthesized with the optimal composition ratio to increase its absorption performance and gel strength. Improved performance of the synthesized SSAP (a CRC of 30.4 g/g, absorbency under load (AUL) of 23.3 g/g, and permeability of 55 s) was achieved by selecting the optimal surface-crosslinking treatment time and the amount of distilled water in the surface-crosslinking solution: as the latter was increased in the surface-crosslinking solution, the AUL and permeability of the SSAP were improved, and its biodegradability was found to be 54% compared to the 100% biodegradable cellulose hydrogel in the control group.

Morph-specific correlations between floral traits in a distylous Ophiorrhiza napoensis (Rubiaceae) population in southern China

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSHI KUDOH ◽  
TAKASHI SUGAWARA ◽  
SUGONG WU ◽  
JIN MURATA
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Subtropical Evergreen Forest ◽  
Positive Correlations

Floral trait correlations were compared between the two flower morphs of a distylous Ophiorrhiza napoensis population in a subtropical evergreen forest at the Defu Natural Animal Preserve, Guangxi, China. Common principal component analyses indicated that overall patterns in correlations among floral traits were morph specific in the study population. Strong positive correlations (r > 0.9) between anther height and corolla-tube length were found in both morphs. Stigma height correlated positively with corolla-tube length in the long-styled morph (r = 0.843), but not in the short-styled morph (r = −0.018). Flower-morph-specific correlation suggests that natural selection by pollinators has moulded trait covariance among floral traits. Because morph-specific correlations are expressed as the patterns of within-morph variation among multiple traits, putative genes responsible for the stigma-corolla tube correlation should not link to the supergene for sex-organ reciprocity between the morphs, but their expression is limited in the long-styled morph.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document