scholarly journals Are Grasses Really Useful for the Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Trace Elements? A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo ◽  
Jaco Vangronsveld ◽  
Alan J. M. Baker ◽  
Antony van der Ent ◽  
Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Potentially Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Infertile Soils

The pollution of soil, water, and air by potentially toxic trace elements poses risks to environmental and human health. For this reason, many chemical, physical, and biological processes of remediation have been developed to reduce the (available) trace element concentrations in the environment. Among those technologies, phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly in situ and cost-effective approach to remediate sites with low-to-moderate pollution with trace elements. However, not all species have the potential to be used for phytoremediation of trace element-polluted sites due to their morpho-physiological characteristics and low tolerance to toxicity induced by the trace elements. Grasses are prospective candidates due to their high biomass yields, fast growth, adaptations to infertile soils, and successive shoot regrowth after harvest. A large number of studies evaluating the processes related to the uptake, transport, accumulation, and toxicity of trace elements in grasses assessed for phytoremediation have been conducted. The aim of this review is (i) to synthesize the available information on the mechanisms involved in uptake, transport, accumulation, toxicity, and tolerance to trace elements in grasses; (ii) to identify suitable grasses for trace element phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytofiltration; (iii) to describe the main strategies used to improve trace element phytoremediation efficiency by grasses; and (iv) to point out the advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives for the use of grasses for phytoremediation of trace element-polluted soils.

scholarly journals The role of the seagrass <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> in the cycling of trace elements

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2623-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sanz-Lázaro ◽  
P. Malea ◽  
E. T. Apostolaki ◽  
I. Kalantzi ◽  
A. Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Potentially Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Element Transfer

Abstract. The aim of this work was to study the role of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica on the cycling of a wide set of trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, V and Zn). We measured the concentration of these trace elements in the different compartments of P. oceanica (leaves, rhizomes, roots and epibiota) in a non-polluted seagrass meadow representative of the Mediterranean and calculated the annual budget from a mass balance. We provide novel data on accumulation dynamics of many trace elements in P. oceanica compartments and demonstrate that trace element accumulation patterns are mainly determined by plant compartment rather than by temporal variability. Epibiota was the compartment which showed the greatest concentrations for most trace elements. Thus, they constitute a key compartment when estimating trace element transfer to higher trophic levels by P. oceanica. For most trace elements, translocation seemed to be low and acropetal. Zn, Cd, Sr and Rb were the trace elements that showed the highest release rate through decomposition of plant detritus, while Cs, Tl and Bi the lowest. P. oceanica acts as a sink of potentially toxic trace elements (Ni, Cr, As and Ag), which can be sequestered, decreasing their bioavailability. P. oceanica may have a relevant role in the cycling of trace elements in the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals The role of the seagrass <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> in the cycling of trace elements

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2497-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sanz-Lázaro ◽  
P. Malea ◽  
E. T. Apostolaki ◽  
I. Kalantzi ◽  
A. Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Potentially Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Element Transfer

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica on the cycling of a wide set of trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, V and Zn). We measured the concentration of these trace elements in different compartments of P. oceanica (leaves, rhizomes, roots and epiphytes) in a non-polluted seagrass meadow representative of the Mediterranean and calculated the annual budget from a mass balance. We provide novel data on accumulation dynamics of many trace elements in P. oceanica compartments and demonstrate that trace element accumulation patterns are mainly determined by plant compartment rather than by temporal variability. Epiphytes were the compartment, which showed the greatest concentrations for most trace elements. Thus, they constitute a key compartment when estimating trace element transfer to higher trophic levels by P. oceanica. Trace element translocation in P. oceanica seemed to be low and acropetal in most cases. Zn, Cd, Sr and Rb were the trace elements that showed the highest release rate through decomposition of plant detritus, while Cs, Tl and Bi showed the lowest. P. oceanica acts as a sink of potentially toxic trace elements (Ni, Cr, As and Ag), which can be sequestered, decreasing their bioavailability. P. oceanica may have a relevant role in the cycling of trace elements in the Mediterranean.

Current issues in trace element nutrition of grazing livestock in Australia and New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Masters ◽  
G. J. Judson ◽  
C. L. White ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
N. D. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Trace Element Nutrition ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Improving trace element nutrition of grazing animals, in a way that is cost effective and that meets consumer perceptions and preferences, is a continuing challenge. This review focuses on research over the past 10 years, addressing issues and perspectives on the roles, risks of inadequacy, and supplementary remedies of key trace elements, both essential and deleterious, which have an impact on the productivity and product quality of grazing livestock throughout Australia and New Zealand. The emphasis is on copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), selenium (Se), and, to a lesser extent, zinc (Zn) — the trace elements most frequently found to be deficient in parts of Australia and New Zealand. Research continues to elucidate new roles for trace elements in the animal, and as this leads to a better understanding of requirements, diagnostic criteria and supplementation strategies need re-evaluation. Newer perspectives on marginal deficiency for Cu, I, Se, and Zn are given and issues for risk management discussed. Advances in sustained delivery of trace elements such as Co (as vitamin B12), I, and Se are reported. The diagnosis and management of marginal Cu deficiency continue to be difficult, especially in New Zealand where recent work has shown that dietary antagonists [iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), and sulfur (S)] may impair Cu absorption at lower intakes than previously thought. There is still a dearth of scientific data on the advantages of using so-called organic trace element supplements (metals complexed or chelated with amino acids or peptides). Nevertheless their usage continues to increase. There is increasing evidence that trace elements influence the pathophysiology arising from the ingestion of toxins. This review summarises recent work on the role of Co in annual ryegrass toxicity; Cu, Se, and Zn in lupinosis; Cu and alkaloid toxicity; Zn and facial eczema; and Co and white liver disease. Trace elements are required to support immune function (e.g. as imposed parasite infection) and marginal deficiencies may be exacerbated by an immunological challenge. The roles of Cu, Co, Mo, Se, and, to a lesser extent, chromium and Zn have attracted attention and under conditions of stress there may be an additional need for these elements. Diversification in farming has led to the introduction of species such as deer (Cervus), alpacas (Camilids), emus, and ostriches (Ratites) and the paucity of information on trace element requirements for these species, and also for horses, indicates the need for further work. The effect of supplementation on trace element composition of meat, milk, and wool is also reviewed, both in terms of product characteristics and human health. Of the deleterious elements, cadmium has attracted the most interest and concern because of its introduction into the pastoral system from phosphate-based fertilisers.

Trace Element Deficiency and Cot Deaths

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Raie ◽  
H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency

The level of 10 trace elements (As, Br, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn) in infant tissues (5 cot deaths, 4 other causes) are presented. These levels are compared with the normal adult levels for the same area or with the levels presented in the literature. The concentrations of 5 trace elements (As, Cu, Hg, Mn, Se) in human milk and 4 brands of artificial milks are also given and the intake of these trace elements from human and artificial milk for infants up to the age of 6 months is calculated. It is concluded that some artificial milks contain less of some essential trace elements (e.g. Cu and Se) and are richer in toxic trace elements (e.g. Hg and As). The suggestion of deficiency of the reported trace elements as a cause of cot deaths is rejected.

Trace-Element Analysis in Clinical Chemistry

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A Schroeder ◽  
Alexis P Nason
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract Present knowledge of human bodily contents and concentrations in blood, urine, and hair of 11 essential trace elements and 17-22 nonessential inert or toxic trace elements is reviewed and summarized. Analyses of trace elements are applicable as diagnostic aids and indices for therapy in a number of clinical conditions. Techniques are not difficult, and analyses will probably become more or less routine for many diseases in which primary or secondary abnormalities are manifest. Trace elements play fundamental roles in human metabolism.

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