scholarly journals The Presentation of Eating Disorders in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Jawed ◽  
Amy Harrison ◽  
Dagmara Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Weight Concern ◽  
Global Score ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Shape Concern ◽  
Report Measure

Objective: There is lack of information on the presentation of eating disorders (EDs) in Saudi Arabia using gold standard clinical tools. The present study aimed to provide data on the presentation of EDs in Saudi Arabia using clinically validated measures.Method: Hundred and thirty-three individuals (33 male) with a mean age of 22 years (2.63) completed three measures: the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), a semi-structured interview, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), a self-report measure, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to measure comorbid symptoms.Results: Individuals in Saudi Arabia reported higher levels of restraint, eating concern and shape concern and a higher global score, but lower levels of weight concern on the EDE-Q compared to the EDE. Female participants reported a higher global score, alongside significantly higher scores on the restraint, shape concern and weight concern subscales than males. The most common ED subtype was other specific feeding or ED. Compared with Western community samples, symptom severity in this purposive sample obtained from community settings was significantly higher in this sample.Discussion: Individuals with eating, weight and shape concerns in Saudi Arabia may feel more comfortable expressing their symptoms on a self-report tool compared with a face to face interview. However, it is possible that a self-report measure may over-estimate the severity of symptoms. The data suggest that clinicians in Saudi Arabia should regularly screen for EDs in all genders. It is also important to note that ED symptoms are a cause for concern in young people in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among gender-expansive populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Nagata ◽  
Emilio J. Compte ◽  
Chloe J. Cattle ◽  
Annesa Flentje ◽  
Matthew R. Capriotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Global Score ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire ◽  
Excessive Exercise ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Community Norms ◽  
Shape Concern ◽  
Weight And Shape Concern

Abstract Purpose Gender-expansive individuals (i.e., those who identify outside of the binary system of man or woman) are a marginalized group that faces discrimination and have a high burden of mental health problems, but there is a paucity of research on eating disorders in this population. This study aimed to describe the community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in gender-expansive populations. Methods The participants were 988 gender-expansive individuals (defined as neither exclusively cisgender nor binary transgender) from The PRIDE study, an existing longitudinal cohort study of health outcomes in sexual and gender minority people. Results We present the mean scores, standard deviations, and percentile ranks for the Global score and four subscale scores of the EDE-Q in this group as a whole and stratified by sex assigned at birth. Gender-expansive individuals reported any occurrence (≥1/28 days) of dietary restraint (23.0%), objective binge episodes (12.9%), excessive exercise (7.4%), self-induced vomiting (1.4%), or laxative misuse (1.2%). We found no statistically significant differences by sex assigned at birth. Compared to a prior study of transgender men and women, there were no significant differences in eating attitudes or disordered eating behaviors noted between gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. Transgender women reported higher Restraint and Shape Concern subscale scores compared to gender-expansive individuals. Compared to a prior study of presumed cisgender men 18–26 years, our age-matched gender-expansive sample had higher Eating, Weight, and Shape Concern subscales and Global Score, but reported a lower frequency of objective binge episodes and excessive exercise. Compared to a prior study of presumed cisgender women 18–25 years, our age-matched gender-expansive sample had a higher Shape Concern subscale score, a lower Restraint subscale score, and lower frequencies of self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and excessive exercise. Conclusions Gender-expansive individuals reported lower Restraint and Shape Concern scores than transgender women; higher Eating, Weight, and Shape Concern scores than presumed cisgender men; and lower Restraint but higher Shape Concern scores than presumed cisgender women. These norms can help clinicians in treating this population and interpreting the EDE-Q scores of their gender-expansive patients.

Measuring the Specific Psychopathology of Eating Disorder Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. V. Beumont ◽  
E. M. Kopec-Schrader ◽  
P. Talbot ◽  
S. W. Touyz
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
Dsm Iv

Cooper and Fairburn's Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) is a semi-structured interview designed to assess the specific psychopathology of eating disorder subjects. It was employed in a study of 116 Sydney patients for 2 purposes: first, to determine its usefulness in an Australian context; and second, to compare patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia and atypical eating disorder. The instrument appears to be quite appropriate for studies in Australia. With respect to the second aim, the results emphasize the essential similarity in psychopathology between the three diagnostic groups. The relevance of this latter finding to the categorisation of eating disorders in the DSM-IV proposals is discussed.

Eating Disorder Examination: Deutschsprachige Version des strukturierten Essstörungsinterviews

Diagnostica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Hilbert ◽  
Brunna Tuschen-Caffier ◽  
Martina Ohms
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Weight Concern ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Shape Concern ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version

Zusammenfassung. Das Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) von Fairburn und Cooper (1993) ist ein strukturiertes Essstörungsinterview zur Erfassung der spezifischen Psychopathologie von Essstörungen. In der klinischen Forschung und Praxis gilt es weithin als Methode der Wahl für die Essstörungsdiagnostik. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte deutschsprachige, reübersetzte Version des EDE zeigte in Stichproben von 80 Patientinnen mit Bulimia Nervosa, 144 Patientinnen mit Binge-Eating-Störung und 20 Patientinnen mit Anorexia Nervosa hohe Interrater-Reliabilitäten der Items sowie der Subskalen. Als Indikatoren für die konvergente Validität waren die EDE-Subskalen Shape Concern und Weight Concern mit Selbstbeurteilungsskalen zum Körperbild, z.B. dem Fragebogen zum Figurbewusstsein, hoch korreliert. Die EDE-Subskalen Restraint und Eating Concern zeigten signifikante Zusammenhänge mit dem in Ernährungstagebüchern protokollierten Essverhalten, z.B. Mahlzeiten- oder Essanfallshäufigkeit oder Nährstoffaufnahme. Die Subskalen des EDE unterschieden zwischen Gruppen mit verschiedenen Essstörungsdiagnosen und bildeten Veränderungen durch psychologische Psychotherapie sensitiv ab. Somit steht mit der deutschsprachigen Version des EDE ein dem englischsprachigen Original entsprechendes, geeignetes Instrument für die Erfassung der spezifischen Psychopathologie von Essstörungen zur Verfügung.

Intensive Nutritional Counselling in Bulimia Nervosa: A Role for Supplementation with Fluoxetine?

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre J.V. Beumont ◽  
Janice D. Russell ◽  
Stephen W. Touyz ◽  
Cathy Buckley ◽  
Kitty Lowinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Weight Concern ◽  
Nutritional Counselling ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Shape Concern

Objective: The aims of the paper are to determine whether nutritional counselling is associated with an improvement in bulimic symptomatology, whether this improvement is maintained during post-treatment follow-up, and whether the addition of fluoxetine 3 × 20 mg/day confers additional benefit. Method: Psychological, pharmacological and combined psychopharmacological treatments of bulimia nervosa were reviewed briefly. Sixty-seven patients referred to specialist eating disorder services who fulfilled strict diagnostic criteria were treated with intensive nutritional counselling and randomly assigned to either fluoxetine 3×20 mg/day or placebo. After a 1-week ‘wash-out’, active treatment was given over 8 weeks, followed by post-treatment interviews at 12 and 20 weeks. Results: Both groups of patients improved significantly during treatment. In some respects, the fluoxetine group did slightly better as demonstrated by the items ‘restraint’, ‘weight concern’ and ‘shape concern’ (p<0.05 vs p<0.0001) on the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Fluoxetine patients decreased their energy intake and lost a modest amount of weight. They went on to regain weight during the follow-up period, returning to levels higher than they were initially. These patients also appeared more likely to have a recurrence of symptoms, as shown by the fall in percentage of binge-free patients and by changes in the EDE. Conclusion: Nutritional counselling is an effective means of treating bulimia nervosa, with improvement maintained up to 3 months follow-up. The addition of fluoxetine may confer some benefit during active treatment, but its discontinuation may contribute to a higher rate of recurrence of symptoms post treatment. Of course, this study cannot be extrapolated to the efficacy of fluoxetine when used as the only form of treatment in patients for whom intensive nutritional counselling or other structured psychological programs are not available.

scholarly journals Norms for Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among Secondary School Students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa R ◽  
Bujang MA ◽  
Haniff J ◽  
Mohamad NA ◽  
Omar Kd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Weight Concern ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Shape Concern

Introduction: The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) has been widely used as a tool to detect eating disorders. We aimed to identify the EDE-Q normative data among secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving four secondary schools in an urban area. The respondents of secondary school students were selected using stratified sampling. Results: There were 298 teenagers 12 to 17 years of age who participated in the study. The EDE-Q mean scores ± standard deviation was 1.27 ± 1.08 for the total score (Global Score), 0.78 ± 0.95 for Restraint Domain, 1.02 ± 1.03 for Eating Concern, 1.76 ± 1.55 for Shape Concern and 1.54 ± 1.43 for Weight Concern. Conclusion: Mean values obtained from this study were relatively lower when compared to western populations. Shape Concern and Weight Concern had higher scores compared to the other domains. These values are useful for EDE-Q interpretation in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Assessing Negative Core Beliefs in Eating Disorders: Revision of the Eating Disorder Core Beliefs Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaani H. Hatoum ◽  
Amy L Burton ◽  
Maree J Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
High Standards

Abstract Background: Increased theoretical and empirical attention has been given to examining the role of core beliefs in both the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). The Eating Disorder Core Beliefs Questionnaire (ED-CBQ) is self-report measure designed to assess five dimensions of core beliefs relating to eating disorders; self-loathing, unassertive/inhibited, demanding/needing help and support, abandoned/deprived, and high standards for the self. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ED-CBQ and to develop a revised and improved version of the original measure, as necessary, after evaluating its factor structure and related properties.Methods: A sample of undergraduate university students (N = 763) completed an online test battery of questionnaires. Putative ED (n = 384) and non-ED (n = 379) subgroups were created from self-reported responses from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed, and internal consistency, construct validity, group differences and clinical utility was examined. Results: An initial CFA did not support the original five-factor 40-item ED-CBQ. Two revised versions were developed that both possessed equal or superior psychometric properties to the original 40-item measure. The ED-CBQ-SF and ED-CBQ-R both demonstrated superior model fit, similar levels of reliability and construct validity, and the ability to discriminate between putative ED diagnostic groups.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the ED-CBQ-SF and ED-CBQ-R are both valid, reliable, but more importantly efficient and accessible measures with the potential to be utilised both clinically and in research settings.

Ready or Not: Examining Self-Reported Readiness for Behavior Change at Intake Assessment for Adults With an Eating Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-227
Author(s):  
Chloe C. Hudson ◽  
Brad A. Mac Neil
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Engagement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Group Sessions ◽  
Report Measure

We explored whether a single-item self-report measure (i.e., the Readiness Ruler) was an appropriate measure of treatment engagement in adult outpatients with eating disorders. In total, 108 women diagnosed with an eating disorder completed the Readiness Ruler and measures of symptom severity at intake to a hospital-based outpatient treatment program. Treatment engagement was operationalized as attendance to a minimum of one session of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment group, the number of CBT group sessions attended, and whether the participants dropped out of the CBT group prematurely. Results suggest that the Readiness Ruler was not associated with attending the CBT group. Among the participants who attended the program, the Readiness Ruler was not associated with the number of CBT group sessions attended or CBT group dropout. Higher Readiness Ruler score was associated with more severe symptomatology. In conclusion, the Readiness Ruler may not be a good predictor of CBT group treatment engagement for individuals with eating disorders and may instead be a proxy for symptom severity.

scholarly journals Binge eating disorder: a symptom-level investigation of genetic and environmental influences on liability

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1899-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Mitchell ◽  
M. C. Neale ◽  
C. M. Bulik ◽  
S. H. Aggen ◽  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Report Measure

BackgroundRecent behavioral genetic studies have emphasized the importance of investigating eating disorders at the level of individual symptoms, rather than as overall diagnoses. We examined the heritability of binge eating disorder (BED) using an item-factor analytic approach, which estimates contributions of additive genetic (A), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) influences on liability to BED as well as individual symptoms.MethodParticipants were 614 monozygotic and 410 dizygotic same-sex female twins from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry who completed a self-report measure of BED symptoms based upon DSM-IV criteria. Genetic and environmental contributions to BED liability were assessed at the diagnostic and symptom levels, using an item-factor approach.ResultsLiability to BED was moderately heritable; 45% of the variance was due to A, with smaller proportions due to C (13%), and E (42%). Additive genetic effects accounted for 29–43% of the variance in individual items, while only 8–14% was due to C.ConclusionsResults highlight the relevance of examining eating disorders at the symptom level, rather than focusing on aggregate diagnoses.

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