scholarly journals A Global Perspective on Testing Infants Online: Introducing ManyBabies-AtHome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorijn Zaadnoordijk ◽  
Helen Buckler ◽  
Rhodri Cusack ◽  
Sho Tsuji ◽  
Christina Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
International Community ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Online Testing ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The World

Online testing holds great promise for infant scientists. It could increase participant diversity, improve reproducibility and collaborative possibilities, and reduce costs for researchers and participants. However, despite the rise of platforms and participant databases, little work has been done to overcome the challenges of making this approach available to researchers across the world. In this paper, we elaborate on the benefits of online infant testing from a global perspective and identify challenges for the international community that have been outside of the scope of previous literature. Furthermore, we introduce ManyBabies-AtHome, an international, multi-lab collaboration that is actively working to facilitate practical and technical aspects of online testing and address ethical concerns regarding data storage and protection, and cross-cultural variation. The ultimate goal of this collaboration is to improve the method of testing infants online and make it globally available.

scholarly journals A Global Perspective on Testing Infants Online: Introducing ManyBabies-AtHome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorijn Zaadnoordijk ◽  
Helen Buckler ◽  
Rhodri Cusack ◽  
Sho Tsuji ◽  
Christina Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Available P ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Online Testing ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The World

Online testing holds great promise for infant scientists. It could increase participant diversity, improve reproducibility and collaborative possibilities, and reduce costs for researchers and participants. However, despite the rise of platforms and participant databases, little work has been done to overcome the challenges of making this approach available to researchers across the world. In this paper, we elaborate on the benefits of online infant testing from a global perspective and identify challenges for the international community that have been outside of the scope of previous literature. Furthermore, we introduce ManyBabies-AtHome, an international, multi-lab collaboration that is actively working to facilitate practical and technical aspects of online testing as well as address ethical concerns regarding data storage and protection, and cross-cultural variation. The ultimate goal of this collaboration is to improve the method of testing infants online and make it globally available.

How Universal Is Media Entertainment, Really? On the Enriching Potential of Cross-Cultural Approaches for Existing Entertainment Scholarship

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Özen Odağ
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

The current chapter focuses on the (cross-)cultural appeal of existing entertainment theories, showcasing the meager evidence that exists with respect to their universality. The central argument throughout the chapter is that most entertainment theories have originated in the Western world and little has so far been done to apply them to the much larger rest of the world. The rest of the world has shown to be profoundly different, however, with respect to various dimensions of human behavior and cognition, including self-concepts, emotion appraisal and display, valued affect, thinking styles, values, and well-being maxims. The chapter scrutinizes five pertinent entertainment theories for their ability to explain this cultural variation. It suggests the inclusion of fruitful macro- and micro-level concepts from cross-cultural psychology and intercultural communication to increase their global explanatory power. The main aim of the current chapter is to spark an overdue (cross-)cultural evolution of media entertainment scholarship.

Populism and social media: a global perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Postill
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Theory ◽  
Filter Bubble

The link between the spread of social media and the recent surge of populism around the world remains elusive. A global, rather than Western, theory is required to explore this connection. Such a theory would need to pay particular attention to five questions, namely, the roots of populism, ideology and populism, the rise of theocratic populism, social media and non-populist politicians, and the embedding of social media in larger systems of communication. In this essay, I draw from a range of cross-cultural examples to argue that social media are inextricable from a dense web of highly diverse online and offline communicative practices. Like most other forms of political communication, populism is twice hybrid, in that it entails the ceaseless interaction between old and new media as well as between online and offline sites of communication. Populists never operate in a vacuum or indeed in a filter bubble: they share hybridly mediated spaces and arenas with other populists and with non-populists. Over time, these varied political actors have co-evolved media strategies and tactics in full awareness of one another’s existence.

scholarly journals Kripkeans of the world, unite!

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309
Author(s):  
Farjana Islam ◽  
Giosuè Baggio
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Distinction ◽  
Semantic Reference

Abstract This paper revisits a study by Machery et al. (2004), suggesting that, in experimental versions of Kripke’s (1980) fictional cases on the use of proper names, Westerners are more likely than East Asian participants to show intuitions compatible with Kripke’s causal-historical (CH) theory of reference. We conducted two experiments, recruting participants from Norway and Bangladesh, either in English (experiment 1; N = 75) or in the participants’ native languages (experiment 2; N = 60), using modified cases and a new approach to data analysis. We replicated the results of Machery et al. (2004), but we show that the residual finding—i.e., that participants who are not aligned with CH produce responses consistent with a definite descriptions (DD) theory of reference—does not hold. Most participants in our experiments, and nearly all those who do not provide CH answers, respond as predicted by a theory that accommodates speaker’s reference in reasoning about uses of proper names, not according to DD. We suggest that cross-cultural variation in this task is real. However, explanations of variation within or across cultures need not invoke competing theories of reference (CH vs DD), and can be unified within a single, broadly Kripkean analysis that honors the basic distinction between semantic reference and speaker’s reference.

scholarly journals The Austronesian Game Taxonomy: A cross-cultural dataset of historical games

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Leisterer-Peoples ◽  
Susanne Hardecker ◽  
Joseph Watts ◽  
Simon J. Greenhill ◽  
Cody T. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Goal Structure ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings

AbstractHumans in most cultures around the world play rule-based games, yet research on the content and structure of these games is limited. Previous studies investigating rule-based games across cultures have either focused on a small handful of cultures, thus limiting the generalizability of findings, or used cross-cultural databases from which the raw data are not accessible, thus limiting the transparency, applicability, and replicability of research findings. Furthermore, games have long been defined as competitive interactions, thereby blinding researchers to the cross-cultural variation in the cooperativeness of rule-based games. The current dataset provides ethnographic, historic information on games played in cultural groups in the Austronesian language family. These game descriptions (Ngames = 907) are available and codeable for researchers interested in games. We also develop a unique typology of the cooperativeness of the goal structure of games and apply this typology to the dataset. Researchers are encouraged to use this dataset to examine cross-cultural variation in the cooperativeness of games and further our understanding of human cultural behaviour on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Global Perspective on Marital Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8817
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dobrowolska ◽  
Agata Groyecka-Bernard ◽  
Piotr Sorokowski ◽  
Ashley K. Randall ◽  
Peter Hilpert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Access Database

Across the world, millions of couples get married each year. One of the strongest predictors of whether partners will remain in their relationship is their reported satisfaction. Marital satisfaction is commonly found to be a key predictor of both individual and relational well-being. Despite its importance in predicting relationship longevity, there are relatively few empirical research studies examining predictors of marital satisfaction outside of a Western context. To address this gap in the literature and complete the existing knowledge about global predictors of marital satisfaction, we used an open-access database of self-reported assessments of self-reported marital satisfaction with data from 7178 participants representing 33 different countries. The results showed that sex, age, religiosity, economic status, education, and cultural values were related, to various extents, to marital satisfaction across cultures. However, marriage duration, number of children, and gross domestic product (GDP) were not found to be predictors of marital satisfaction for countries represented in this sample. While 96% of the variance of marital satisfaction was attributed to individual factors, only 4% was associated with countries. Together, the results show that individual differences have a larger influence on marital satisfaction compared to the country of origin. Findings are discussed in terms of the advantages of conducting studies on large cross-cultural samples.

scholarly journals The World Expo as a means of global cross-cultural communication (on the example of participation of Ural and the Chelyabinsk regions)

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Irina Evgen'evna Inozemtseva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
World Expo ◽  
International Event

This article is a historical foray into participation of the Ural and the Chelyabinsk regions in the World Expos in the context of cross-cultural communication, in which the interaction between the exhibiting countries on the global questions of modernity takes place through the dialogue of cultures. In the broad sense, exhibition first and foremost is a significant attribute of culture and cultural life of a particular environment, and form of distribution of culture. The scientific literature features the following definition: “…exhibitions are the key presentation instrument of cultural policy of the country”. The real scientific achievements are concentrated in a single space. Each exhibition promotes different cultural traditions and contributes to the enrichment of cultures. As pertains to the participation of Ural, it is too early to speak of the full-fledged participation in the dialogue of cultures at World Expos; however, the region has made decent steps towards it. There is no doubt that the World Expo is an remarkable international event. Each host country makes every effort to ensure an immense scale of the event, attract wide audience of visitors and exhibitors. Therefore, the exhibition should be viewed from the global perspective.

The Asian Values Thesis Revisited: Evidence from the World Values Surveys

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN WELZEL
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Universal Model ◽  
The West ◽  
Asian Values ◽  
Empirical Claim ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
The World

AbstractThe thesis that ‘Asian’ cultures oppose the ‘Western’ emphasis on emancipative values and liberal democracy has mostly been criticized for its political instrumentality. By contrast, the empirical claim about most Asians’ dismissal of emancipative values and liberal democracy has not been tested on a broadly cross-cultural basis. Filling this gap, this article uses data from the World Values Surveys to put the values of Asian populations into global perspective. As a result, the differences between Asian and Western populations over emancipative values and liberal democracy appear to be gradual, not categorical. What is more, the forces of modernization that gave rise to emancipative values and a liberal notion of democracy in the ‘West’, are doing the same in the ‘East’, confirming a universal model of human development rather than Asian exceptionalism, or any other form of cultural exceptionalism.

scholarly journals Experiential cartography and the significance of “untranslatable” words

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lomas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Mainstream Psychology

Mainstream psychology can be regarded as largely Western-centric, with its concepts and priorities biased towards Western ways of thinking and understanding. Consequently, the field would benefit from greater cross-cultural awareness and engagement. To that end, this article offers one means of engagement, the study of “untranslatable” words (i.e., terms without an exact equivalent in another language, in our case English). A key function of language is that it offers a “map” that allows us to understand and navigate the world. In that respect, such words point to cultural variation in the maps we use, and even to variation in the actual territory mapped. The paper concludes with suggestions for why and how psychology could benefit from engaging with such words.

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