scholarly journals The Relationship Between Income Inequality and the Palliative Function of Meritocracy Belief: The Micro- and the Macro-Levels Both Count

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Hadarics ◽  
Anna Kende ◽  
Zsolt Péter Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Income Status ◽  
The Relationship

In the current paper, we report the analysis of the relationship between meritocracy belief and subjective well-being using two large international databases, the European Social Survey Program (N = 44,387) and the European Values Study Program (N = 51,752), involving data gathered from 36 countries in total. We investigated whether low status individuals are more likely to psychologically benefit from endorsing meritocratic beliefs, and the same benefits are more pronounced in more unequal societies. Since meritocracy belief can function as a justification for income differences, we assumed that the harsher the objective reality is, the higher level of subjective well-being can be maintained by justifying this harsh reality. Therefore, we hypothesized that the palliative function of meritocracy belief is stronger for both low social status (low income) individuals, and for those living in an unequal social environment (in countries with larger income differences). Our multilevel models showed a positive relationship between meritocracy belief and subjective well-being, which relationship was moderated by both individual-level income status and country-level income differences in both studies. Based on these results, we concluded that the emotional payoff of justifying income inequalities is larger if one is more strongly affected by these inequalities.

scholarly journals Inequality and Social Rank: Income Increases Buy More Life Satisfaction in More Equal Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722092385
Author(s):  
Edika G. Quispe-Torreblanca ◽  
Gordon D. A. Brown ◽  
Christopher J. Boyce ◽  
Alex M. Wood ◽  
Jan-Emmanuel De Neve
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Equal Income ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

How do income and income inequality combine to influence subjective well-being? We examined the relation between income and life satisfaction in different societies, and found large effects of income inequality within a society on the relationship between individuals’ incomes and their life satisfaction. The income–satisfaction gradient is steeper in countries with more equal income distributions, such that the positive effect of a 10% increase in income on life satisfaction is more than twice as large in a country with low income inequality as it is in a country with high income inequality. These findings are predicted by an income rank hypothesis according to which life satisfaction is derived from social rank. A fixed increment in income confers a greater increment in social position in a more equal society. Income inequality may influence people’s preferences, such that in unequal countries people’s life satisfaction is determined more strongly by their income.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Pendapatan terhadap Kesejahteraan Subjektif pada Anggota TNI AU di Kota X

PSYCHE 165 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
Iqhsan Eko Setiawan ◽  
M Ridwan Saputra ◽  
Arsepta Kurnia Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to examine the relationship between personeel income beetwean subjective well-being on military personeel. A quantitative survey was performed on a sample of personeels (N = 43) TNI AU in City X and study documents is used to measure how impact of  personeel income to personeel’s SWB. The subjective well-being as an independent variable and to measure how subjective well-being correlated each other, this study has used  Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, 2006) and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Experience (Diener, 2009). Result showed that personeel income is significantly correlate with subjective well-being (p =  0.036, sig. < 0.05). New finding also shows that high and low income are significantly correlate with subjective well-being, limited and recommendation are discussed.

scholarly journals Finding ‘Reasons to Stay’ Amidst Issues of Well-Being: A Case Study of Two Underserved Communities in Colombo

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iresha M. Lakshman ◽  
Mohideen M. Alikhan ◽  
Abdhullah Azam
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Underserved Communities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
The Many ◽  
Migration Experiences

This paper attempts to explore the factors that attract and encourage individuals to live in low-income neighbourhoods in Colombo in spite of the many socioeconomic issues that are associated with such communities. Data was collected through 30 face-to-face in-depth interviews with residents from two underserved communities consisting of individuals with different migration experiences. The collected data was then analysed using the three-dimensional well-being model introduced by Pouw and McGregor (2014). The study revealed a situation of material and relational wellbeing intersecting to create a more practical kind of well-being in the communities studied. Of the two, material well-being had the strongest power to attract and retain residents in the neighbourhoods while relational wellbeing played a supportive role in terms of pulling people into the community. Subjective well-being, on the other hand, was identified as the strongest reason with a capacity to push people away from the community. However, this single push factor was not strong enough to overpower the pull effect of material and relational well-being, particularly because of the residents’ low-income status. The material benefits of living in the location facilitated by social ties offered by the neighbourhood kept these residents attracted and attached to these underserved communities.

Ageism, Religiosity, and Wellbeing Among Older Adults: Evidence From the European Social Survey (ESS4)

2020 ◽  
pp. 016402752095363
Author(s):  
Harris Hyun-soo Kim ◽  
Jong Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Systemic Discrimination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Research shows that ageism (systemic discrimination against people because of their age) significantly undermines physical and psychological wellbeing, particularly among older adults. Our aim is to contribute to the literature by investigating whether this negative association varies across national religious context. We estimate multilevel models by drawing on a subset of data (ages 55 and above) from the fourth round of the European Social Survey (2008/2009). We find that ageism is negatively related to measures of wellbeing (happiness, life satisfaction, self-rated health). More importantly, the relationship is less pronounced in countries with higher levels of religiosity. These findings suggest that the country’s religious environment serves as a buffer against deleterious health consequences of ageism for the older population. Our study thus provides additional evidence on ageism as a critical risk factor and sheds novel light on the moderating role of country-level religiosity as a protective factor.

Time and well-being, an institutional, comparative perspective: Is it time to explore the idea of a time policy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihi Lahat ◽  
Itai Sened
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between time and well-being as a social policy question. Although the research on time and well-being is extensive, few have dealt with them together from a comparative institutional perspective. Based on data from the third European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) of 2012, regarding 34 mostly European countries, in different welfare regimes, we explore two issues: (1) What are the effects of welfare regimes on the uses of time and subjective well-being? and (2) What are the effects of different uses of time on subjective well-being? We find that the institutional structure – the welfare regime – affects the way people use their time. Furthermore, the findings documented that uses of time have a direct effect on well-being when controlling for individual level as well as country-level variables. These findings may have important implications for policymaking.

scholarly journals Balancing flexibility and security in Europe? The impact of unemployment on young peoples’ subjective well-being

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Russell ◽  
Janine Leschke ◽  
Mark Smith
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Job Instability ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the relationship between ‘flexicurity’ systems, unemployment and well-being outcomes for young people in Europe. A key tenet of the flexicurity approach is that greater flexibility of labour supply supports transitions into employment, trading longer-term employment stability for short-term job instability. However, there is a risk that young people experience greater job insecurity, both objective and subjective, with less stable contracts and more frequent unemployment spells. Our research draws on data from the European Social Survey and uses multi-level models to explore whether and how flexibility-security arrangements moderate the effect of past and present unemployment on the well-being of young people. We distinguish between flexibility-security institutions that foster improved job prospects and those that provide financial security.

scholarly journals Explaining the Relationship between Social Trust and Value Similarity: The Case of Estonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Mai Beilmann ◽  
Laur Lilleoja
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Value Similarity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The article is dedicated to explaining why value similarity fosters generalised social trust in high-trust societies. Previous findings by Beilmann and Lilleoja suggest that value similarity is more important in generating individual-level social trust in countries where the overall levels of social trust are higher, while in countries with a low level of social trust, congruity of the personal value structure with the country-level value structure tends to be coupled with lower trustfulness on the part of individuals. The article explores the meso-level indicators that could explain this relationship. The relationship between social trust and human values was examined in a sample of 2,051 people in Estonia, using data from the European Social Survey, round 7. The results suggest that when differences in socio-economic factors are controlled for, value similarity remains a significant factor in fostering generalised social trust in Estonian society. However, its direct effect is relatively low when compared with predictors such as trust in certain institutions, economic well-being, and ethnicity. Trust in the legal system and the police plays a particularly important role in fostering generalised social trust in a high-trust society wherein people believe that other people in general treat them honestly and kindly.

Entrepreneurship and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Psychological Functioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Nikolaev ◽  
Christopher John Boudreaux ◽  
Matthew Wood
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Relationship

Well-being is an essential outcome of engagement in entrepreneurship, but the pathway from self-employment to well-being is poorly understood. To address this, we develop a model in which psychological functioning—purposeful engagement with life, realization of personal talents and capabilities, and fulfillment of intrinsic needs such as autonomy and competence—mediates the relationship between entrepreneurship and subjective well-being. We test our model with data from the European Social Survey using structural equation modeling and a series of robustness tests (e.g., propensity score matching estimators and accounting for model uncertainty). Results suggest that entrepreneurship is associated with substantial benefits in terms of psychological functioning—both personal and social—which almost entirely mediate the relationship between entrepreneurship and subjective well-being. These findings highlight psychological functioning as a critical pathway between entrepreneurship and subjective well-being.

scholarly journals “Life Satisfaction” and “Personal Happiness” in the Sociological Studies of Subjective Well-Being

2020 ◽  
pp. 565-589
Author(s):  
Galina G. Tatarova ◽  
◽  
Anna V. Kuchenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
General Integral ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the actualization of methodological issues of using the indicators “life satisfaction” and “personal happiness”. In sociological studies they play (either individually or as part of indices) the role of a generalized (general, integral) indicator of subjective well-being, in contrast to particular ones. The features of the relationship of these indicators are considered at the country, group (the basis for the selection — lifecycle stages) and individual levels. The article justifies the expediency (for sociological measurements) of the introducing of a two-dimensional space, highlighting segments in it, on which a very definite character of the relationship between life satisfaction and happiness is observed. Compared with other existing indices based on the difference in answers to direct questions about “life satisfaction” and “personal happiness” or the arithmetic mean, the proposed model is a “logical” index. The advantages of this construct in mass surveys are: procedural transparency, which facilitates the detection of atypical situations; the priority of quality over quantity when highlighting qualitatively homogeneous groups (according to a generalized indicator); avoiding the artificiality of the construct; avoiding “summation”. The empirical base is the data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) (2017) and European Social Survey (2016).

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