Bed-Sharing in Couples Is Associated With Increased and Stabilized REM Sleep and Sleep-Stage Synchronization

Several theories link consciousness to complex cortical dynamics, as suggested by comparison of brain signal diversity between conscious states and states where consciousness is lost or reduced. In particular, Lempel-Ziv complexity, amplitude coalition entropy and synchrony coalition entropy distinguish wakefulness and REM sleep from deep sleep and anesthesia, and are elevated in psychedelic states, reported to increase the range and vividness of conscious contents. Some studies have even found correlations between complexity measures and facets of self-reported experience. As suggested by integrated information theory and the entropic brain hypothesis, measures of differentiation and signal diversity may therefore be measurable correlates of consciousness and phenomenological richness. Inspired by these ideas, we tested three hypotheses about EEG signal diversity related to sleep and dreaming. First, diversity should decrease with successively deeper stages of non-REM sleep. Second, signal diversity within the same sleep stage should be higher for periods of dreaming vs. non-dreaming. Third, specific aspects of dream contents should correlate with signal diversity in corresponding cortical regions. We employed a repeated awakening paradigm in sleep deprived healthy volunteers, with immediate dream report and rating of dream content along a thought-perceptual axis, from exclusively thought-like to exclusively perceptual. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess how signal diversity varied with sleep stage, dreaming and thought-perceptual rating. Signal diversity decreased with sleep depth, but was not significantly different between dreaming and non-dreaming, even though there was a significant positive correlation between Lempel-Ziv complexity of EEG recorded over the posterior cortex and thought-perceptual ratings of dream contents.

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A Smart Arduino Alarm Clock Based on NREM and REM Sleep Stage Detection

Mobile Web and Intelligent Information Systems - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-44215-0_36 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 431-442

Author(s):

Adam Drabek ◽

Ondrej Krejcar ◽

Kamil Kuca

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Alarm Clock

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Sleep, Subcortical Stimulation and Kindling in the Cat

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s031716710002059x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 447-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

T. Tanaka ◽

H. Lange ◽

R. Naquet

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Mesencephalic Reticular Formation ◽

Seizure Threshold ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Central Gray Matter ◽

Spike Discharge ◽

Amygdaloid Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

SUMMARY:A longitudinal study of the effects of sleep on amygdaloid kindling showed that kindling disrupted normal sleep patterns by reducing REM sleep and increasing awake time. Few interictal spike discharges were observed during the awake stage, while a marked increase in discharge was observed during the light and deep sleep stages. No discharges were observed during REM sleep. During the immediate post-stimulation period the nonstimulated amygdala showed a much higher rate of spike discharge. On the other hand, there was an increase in spike discharge in the stimulated amygdala during natural sleep without preceding amygdaloid stimulation. Amygdaloid stimulation at the generalized seizure threshold during each sleep stage resulted in a generalized convulsion.The influence of subcortical electrical stimulation on kindled amygdaloid convulsions was investigated in a second experiment. Stimulation of the centre median and the caudate nucleus was without effect on kindled convulsions, while stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation at high frequency (300 Hz) reduced the latency of onset of kindled generalized convulsions. Stimulation of the nucleus ventralis lateralis of the thalamus at low frequency (10 Hz) prolonged the convulsion latency, and at high current levels blocked the induced convulsion. Stimulation in the central gray matter at low frequency (10 Hz) also blocked kindled amygdaloid convulsions.

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REM sleep behavior disorder in children with type 1 Narcolepsy treated with Sodium Oxybate

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000011157 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011157

Author(s):

Elena Antelmi ◽

Marco Filardi ◽

Fabio Pizza ◽

Stefano Vandi ◽

Monica Moresco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽

Behavior Disorder ◽

Sodium Oxybate ◽

Direct Role ◽

Sleep Behavior ◽

Rem Sleep Without Atonia ◽

Nighttime Sleep

Objective:The aim was to study the effect of stable treatment with Sodium Oxybate (SO) on nocturnal REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) that severely affected children with type 1 narcolepsy (NT1.Methods:Nineteen NT1 children and adolescents (nine females; mean age 12.5±2.7, mean disease duration: 3.4±1.6 years) underwent neurological investigations and video-polysomnography (v-PSG) at baseline and after three months of stable treatment with SO.v-PSG was independently analysed by two sleep experts, in order to rate RBD episodes. RSWA was automatically computed by means of the validated REM sleep atonia index (RAI).Results:Compared to baseline, RAI significantly improved (p< 0.05) and complex movements during REM sleep were remarkably reduced after stable treatment with SO. Compared to baseline, children also reported improvement in clinical complaints and showed a different nighttime sleep stage architecture.Conclusions:RBD and RSWA improved after treatment with SO, pointing to a direct role of the drug in modulating motor control during REM sleep.

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Altered Sleep Stage Transitions of REM Sleep: A Novel and Stable Biomarker of Narcolepsy

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine ◽

10.5664/jcsm.4940 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (08) ◽

pp. 885-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yaping Liu ◽

Jihui Zhang ◽

Venny Lam ◽

Crover Kwok Wah Ho ◽

Junying Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage

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1193 Accuracy of a Commercial Wearable in Detecting Sleep Stages Compared to Polysomnography in Adults: Considering Sleep Classification Methods and Effects of Evening Alcohol Consumption

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A456-A457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L Menghini ◽

V Alschuler ◽

S Claudatos ◽

A Goldstone ◽

F Baker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Classification Methods ◽

Management Platform ◽

Wake Patterns ◽

Wake Detection ◽

Data Management Platform

Abstract Introduction Commercial wearable devices have shown the capability of collecting and processing multisensor information (motion, cardiac activity), claiming to be able to measure sleep-wake patterns and differentiate sleep stages. While using these devices, users should be aware of their accuracy, sources of measurement error and contextual factors that may affect their performance. Here, we evaluated the agreement between Fitbit Charge 2™ and PSG in adults, considering effects of two different sleep classification methods and pre-sleep alcohol consumption. Methods Laboratory-based synchronized recordings of device and PSG data were obtained from 14 healthy adults (42.6±9.7y; 6 women), who slept between one and three nights in the lab, for a total of 27 nights of data. On 10 of these nights, participants consumed alcohol (up to 4 standard drinks) in the 2 hours before bedtime. Device performance relative to PSG was evaluated using epoch-by-epoch and Bland-Altman analyses, with device data obtained from a data-management platform, Fitabase, via two methods one that accounts for short wakes (SW, awakenings that last less than 180s) and one that does not (not-SW). Results SW and not-SW methods were similar in scoring (96.76% agreement across epochs), although the SW method had better accuracy for differentiating “light”, “deep”, and REM sleep; but produced more false positives in wake detection. The device (SW-method) classified epochs of wake, “light” (N1+N2), “deep” (N3) and REM sleep with 56%, 77%, 46%, and 62% sensitivity, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the device significantly underestimated “light” (~19min) and “deep” (~26min) sleep. Alcohol consumption enhanced PSG-device discrepancies, in particular for REM sleep (p=0.01). Conclusion Our results indicate promising accuracy in sleep-wake and sleep stage identification for this device, particularly when accounting for short wakes, as compared to PSG. Alcohol consumption, as well as other potential confounders that could affect measurement accuracy should be further investigated. Support This study was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) grant R21-AA024841 (IMC and MdZ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views the National Institutes of Health.

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Validation of non-REM sleep stage decoding from resting state fMRI using linear support vector machines

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.072 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 544-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A. Altmann ◽

M.S. Schröter ◽

V.I. Spoormaker ◽

S.A. Kiem ◽

D. Jordan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Support Vector Machines ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Resting State ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Support Vector ◽

Vector Machines

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Effect of carotid body denervation on arousal response to hypoxia in sleeping dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1981.51.1.40 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

G. Bowes ◽

E. R. Townsend ◽

L. F. Kozar ◽

S. M. Bromley ◽

E. A. Phillipson

Keyword(s):

Carotid Body ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Critical Role ◽

Ventilatory Responses ◽

Progressive Hypoxia ◽

Arousal Response ◽

Arterial O2 Saturation ◽

Carotid Body Denervation

We studied the arousal and ventilatory responses to hypoxia during sleep in three trained dogs, before and 1–4 wk after carotid body denervation (CBD). During the studies the dogs breathed through a cuffed endotracheal tube inserted via a chronic tracheostomy. Eucapnic progressive hypoxia was induced by a rebreathing technique, and arterial O2 saturation (Sao2) was measured with an ear oximeter. Sleep stage was determined by electroencephalographic and behavioral criteria. Following CBD, all dogs exhibited hypoventilation under resting conditions; hypoxic ventilatory responses during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep were less than 10% of control. Prior to CBD, hypoxic arousal occurred at Sao2 of 83.2 +/- 4.6% (mean +/- Se) during SWS and 70.6 +/-2.2% in REM sleep. Following CBD, arousal failed to occur during progressive desaturation to 60% in SWS and 50% in REM sleep, at which levels hypoxia was arbitrarily terminated. In a few studies following CBD where rebreathing was allowed to continue, the dogs occasionally failed to arouse at all and require active resuscitation. The results indicate a critical role for the carotid chemoreceptors in mediating the arousal response to hypoxia.

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Why Are Seizures Rare in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep? Review of the Frequency of Seizures in Different Sleep Stages

Epilepsy Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2013/932790 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Marcus Ng ◽

Milena Pavlova

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Seizure Freedom ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Focal Seizures ◽

Generalized Seizures ◽

Interictal Discharges

Since the formal characterization of sleep stages, there have been reports that seizures may preferentially occur in certain phases of sleep. Through ascending cholinergic connections from the brainstem, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is physiologically characterized by low voltage fast activity on the electroencephalogram, REMs, and muscle atonia. Multiple independent studies confirm that, in REM sleep, there is a strikingly low proportion of seizures (~1% or less). We review a total of 42 distinct conventional and intracranial studies in the literature which comprised a net of 1458 patients. Indexed to duration, we found that REM sleep was the most protective stage of sleep against focal seizures, generalized seizures, focal interictal discharges, and two particular epilepsy syndromes. REM sleep had an additional protective effect compared to wakefulness with an average 7.83 times fewer focal seizures, 3.25 times fewer generalized seizures, and 1.11 times fewer focal interictal discharges. In further studies REM sleep has also demonstrated utility in localizing epileptogenic foci with potential translation into postsurgical seizure freedom. Based on emerging connectivity data in sleep, we hypothesize that the influence of REM sleep on seizures is due to a desynchronized EEG pattern which reflects important connectivity differences unique to this sleep stage.

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Instantaneous Change in Sleep Stage with Noise of a Passing Truck

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.1031 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 1031-1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tomoyuki Kawada ◽

Shosuke Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Movement Time ◽

Transient Effects ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Instantaneous Change ◽

Stage 1

The transient effects of passing truck noise on sleep polygraphs of 8 men were studied. The percentage of the sleep Stage 2 which changed from Stage 2 to Stage 1, waking or movement time, was calculated. The shallowing of REM sleep was identified when it had changed to other stages, and the shallow epoch percentage was calculated for the REM sleep. The percentage of shallow epochs for Stage 2 significantly increased against that of the control condition after exposure to noise but was not statistically significant for Stage REM. In conclusion, the shallowing or changes in the sleep Stage 2 or REM sleep with the passing truck noise might be observed at noise levels of less than 45 dBA or greater than 60 dBA, respectively.

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