scholarly journals Cannabis Use in People With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology: Results From a Mexican Epidemiological Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Nicolini ◽  
José Jaime Martínez-Magaña ◽  
Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza ◽  
Jorge Ameth Villatoro Velázquez ◽  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Pharmacological Response ◽  
Derivatives Of

Recent studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system could play an important role in the physiopathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There are reports of effective treatment with derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The study of the genetic factor associated with psychiatric disorders has made possible an exploration of its contribution to the pharmacological response. However, very little is known about the genetic factor or the prevalence of cannabis use in the Mexican population with OCD. The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of use and dependence on cannabis in individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS) with that of individuals with other psychiatric symptoms (psychosis, depression, and anxiety), and to explore the association between genetic risk and use. The study includes a total of 13,130 individuals evaluated in the second stage of the 2016 National Survey of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use (Encodat 2016), with genetic analysis (polygenic risk scoring) of a subsample of 3,521 individuals. Obsessive symptomatology had a prevalence of 7.2% and compulsive symptomatology a prevalence of 8.6%. The proportion of individuals with OCS who had ever used cannabis was 23.4%, and of those with cannabis dependency was 2.7%, the latter figure higher than that in individuals with other psychiatric symptoms (hypomania, 2.6%; anxiety, 2.8%; depression, 2.3%), except psychosis (5.9%). Individuals with OCS who reported using cannabis had an increased genetic risk for cannabis dependence but not for OCD. We thus cannot know how the increased genetic risk of cannabis dependence in people with OCD is influenced by their pharmacological response to derivatives of THC. The results, however, suggest paths for future studies.

scholarly journals The patterns of family genetic risk scores for eleven major psychiatric and substance use disorders in a Swedish national sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Henrik Ohlsson ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Risk Scores

AbstractTo clarify the structure of genetic risks for 11 major psychiatric disorders, we calculated, from morbidity risks for disorders in 1st–5th degree relatives controlling for cohabitation effects, in the Swedish population born between 1932 and 1995 (n = 5,830,014), the family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), bulimia (BUL), anorexia nervosa (AN), alcohol use disorder (AUD), drug use disorder (DUD), ADHD, and autism-spectrum disorder (ASD). For all affected individuals, we calculated their mean standardized FGRS for each disorder. The patterns of FGRS were quite similar for MD and AD, and for AUD and DUD, but substantially less similar for BUL and AN, BD and SZ, and ADHD and ASD. While OCD had high levels of FGRS for MD and AD, the overall FGRS profile differed considerably from MD and AD. ADHD FGRS scores were substantially elevated in AUD and DUD. FGRS scores for BD, OCD, AN, ASD, ADHD, and especially SZ were relatively disorder-specific while genetic risk for MD and AD had more generalized effects. The levels of FGRS for BMI, coronary artery disease, and educational attainment across our disorders replicated prior associations found using molecular genetic methods. All diagnostic categories examined had elevated FGRS for many disorders producing, for each condition, an informative FGRS profile. Using a novel method which approximates, from pedigree data, aggregate genetic risk, we have replicated and extended prior insights into the structure of genetic risk factors for key psychiatric illnesses.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A genetic risk factor for obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome?

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Klaffke ◽  
Inke R. König ◽  
Fritz Poustka ◽  
Andreas Ziegler ◽  
Johannes Hebebrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Genetic Risk Factor ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Predicting Eating Disorder and Anxiety Symptoms Using Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Polygenic Scores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Yilmaz ◽  
Katherine Schaumberg ◽  
Matt Halvorsen ◽  
Erica L. Goodman ◽  
Leigh C. Brosof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Clinical, epidemiological, and genetic findings support an overlap between eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety symptoms. However, little research has examined the role of genetic factors in the expression of eating disorders and OCD/anxiety phenotypes. We examined whether the anorexia nervosa (AN), OCD, or AN/OCD transdiagnostic polygenic scores (PGS) predict eating disorders, OCD, and anxiety symptoms in a large population-based developmental cohort. Using summary statistics files from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Freeze 2 AN and Freeze 1 OCD GWAS, we first conducted an AN/OCD transdiagnostic GWAS meta-analysis and then calculated PGS for AN, OCD, and AN/OCD in participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with available genetic and phenotype data on eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety diagnoses and symptoms (sample size 3,212-5,369 per phenotype). We observed sex differences in the PGS prediction of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety-related phenotypes, with AN genetic risk manifesting at an earlier age and playing a more prominent role in eating disorder phenotypes in boys than in girls. Compulsive exercise was the only phenotype predicted by all three PGS (e.g., PAN(boys)=0.0141 at age 14; POCD(girls)=0.0070 at age 16; PAN/OCD(all)=0.0297 at age 14). Our results suggest that earlier detection of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety-related symptoms could be made possible by including measurement of genetic risk for these psychiatric conditions while being mindful of sex differences.

Who Am I? A Life Story Intervention for Persons With Intellectual Disability and Psychiatric Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerben J. Westerhof ◽  
Janny Beernink ◽  
Anneke Sools
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Personal Learning ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Life Review Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Abstract This article describes an innovative intervention based on narrative and life review therapy that is tailored to people with intellectual disability (ID) and psychiatric problems. The current study provides a first evaluation of the intervention. A symptom checklist (SCL-90) was used in a pre- and post-follow-up design, and a qualitative evaluation of the intervention was carried out with 25 participants. Results showed large changes in psychiatric symptoms, in particular on depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and interpersonal sensitivity. Participants were mainly positive in their general explicit evaluations of the therapy as well as on personal learning points, intervention-specific, group-related, and therapist-related aspects. It is concluded that the intervention is promising for the treatment of people with ID and psychiatric complaints.

Obsessive compulsive disorder and multiple sclerosis: a case report implicating serotonergic dysfunction

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aideen Freyne ◽  
Rory K Shelley
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Response ◽  
Serotonergic Pathway ◽  
Serotonergic Dysfunction

AbstractA patient who developed obsessive compulsive disorder within a year of developing multiple sclerosis is described. Possible reasons for an association between these two conditions are discussed. The role of serotonergic pathway dysfunction in obsessive compulsive disorder is also suggested by the pharmacological response in this case.

Patterns of cannabis use among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from an internet survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 100664
Author(s):  
Reilly R. Kayser ◽  
Meredith S. Senter ◽  
Rebecca Tobet ◽  
Marissa Raskin ◽  
Sapana Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Characterizing a psychiatric symptom dimension related to deficits in goal-directed control

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire M Gillan ◽  
Michal Kosinski ◽  
Robert Whelan ◽  
Elizabeth A Phelps ◽  
Nathaniel D Daw
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Compulsive Behavior ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Symptom Dimension ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors

Prominent theories suggest that compulsive behaviors, characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction, are driven by shared deficits in goal-directed control, which confers vulnerability for developing rigid habits. However, recent studies have shown that deficient goal-directed control accompanies several disorders, including those without an obvious compulsive element. Reasoning that this lack of clinical specificity might reflect broader issues with psychiatric diagnostic categories, we investigated whether a dimensional approach would better delineate the clinical manifestations of goal-directed deficits. Using large-scale online assessment of psychiatric symptoms and neurocognitive performance in two independent general-population samples, we found that deficits in goal-directed control were most strongly associated with a symptom dimension comprising compulsive behavior and intrusive thought. This association was highly specific when compared to other non-compulsive aspects of psychopathology. These data showcase a powerful new methodology and highlight the potential of a dimensional, biologically-grounded approach to psychiatry research.

scholarly journals A Selective Increase in OC Symptoms is Driving Information Seeking and Guideline Adherence During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa M. Loosen ◽  
Vasilisa Skvortsova ◽  
Tobias U. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Pandemic Wave

AbstractBackgroundIncreased mental health problems as a reaction to stressful life events, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, are common. Critically, successful adaptation helps reduce such symptoms to baseline, preventing long-term psychiatric disorders. It is thus important to understand whether and which psychiatric symptoms only show transient elevations, and which persist long-term and become chronically heightened. At particular risk for the latter trajectory are disorders with symptoms directly affected by the pandemic, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.MethodsIn this longitudinal large-scale study (N=416), we assessed how obsessive-compulsive (OC), anxiety, and depression symptoms changed throughout the course of the first pandemic wave in a sample of the general UK public. We further examined how these symptoms affected pandemic-related information seeking and adherence to governmental guidelines.FindingsAll psychiatric domains were initially elevated, but showed distinct adaptation patterns. Depression scores decreased during the first pandemic wave, however, OC symptoms further increased, even after the end of lockdown. These OC symptoms were directly linked to Covid-related information seeking which gave rise to higher adherence to government guidelines.InterpretationThe rise and persistence of OC symptoms, despite the ease of Covid-19 restrictions, shows that OCD is disproportionally and chronically affected by the pandemic. This is particularly worrying with regards to the long-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on public mental health and indicates that patients with OCD may require particular treatment efforts.

scholarly journals History of psychosurgery at Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France, through translational interactions between psychiatrists and neurosurgeons

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. E9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Zanello ◽  
Johan Pallud ◽  
Nicolas Baup ◽  
Sophie Peeters ◽  
Baris Turak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
History Of

Sainte-Anne Hospital is the largest psychiatric hospital in Paris. Its long and fascinating history began in the 18th century. In 1952, it was at Sainte-Anne Hospital that Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker used the first neuroleptic, chlorpromazine, to cure psychiatric patients, putting an end to the expansion of psychosurgery. The Department of Neuro-psychosurgery was created in 1941. The works of successive heads of the Neurosurgery Department at Sainte-Anne Hospital summarized the history of psychosurgery in France.Pierre Puech defined psychosurgery as the necessary cooperation between neurosurgeons and psychiatrists to treat the conditions causing psychiatric symptoms, from brain tumors to mental health disorders. He reported the results of his series of 369 cases and underlined the necessity for proper follow-up and postoperative re-education, illustrating the relative caution of French neurosurgeons concerning psychosurgery.Marcel David and his assistants tried to follow their patients closely postoperatively; this resulted in numerous publications with significant follow-up and conclusions. As early as 1955, David reported intellectual degradation 2 years after prefrontal leucotomies.Jean Talairach, a psychiatrist who eventually trained as a neurosurgeon, was the first to describe anterior capsulotomy in 1949. He operated in several hospitals outside of Paris, including the Sarthe Psychiatric Hospital and the Public Institution of Mental Health in the Lille region. He developed stereotactic surgery, notably stereo-electroencephalography, for epilepsy surgery but also to treat psychiatric patients using stereotactic lesioning with radiofrequency ablation or radioactive seeds of yttrium-90.The evolution of functional neurosurgery has been marked by the development of deep brain stimulation, in particular for obsessive-compulsive disorder, replacing the former lesional stereotactic procedures.The history of Sainte-Anne Hospital’s Neurosurgery Department sheds light on the initiation—yet fast reconsideration—of psychosurgery in France. This relatively more prudent attitude toward the practice of psychosurgery compared with other countries was probably due to the historically strong collaboration between psychiatrists and neurosurgeons in France.

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