scholarly journals Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Wieland ◽  
Sophie Fromm ◽  
Stefan Hetzer ◽  
Florian Schlagenhauf ◽  
Jakob Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Psychiatry is in urgent need of reliable biomarkers. Novel neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) sequences provide a time-efficient and non-invasive way to investigate the human brain in-vivo. This gives insight into the metabolites of dopaminergic signaling and may provide further evidence for potential dopaminergic alterations in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). The present systematic review provides a meta-analysis of case-control studies using neuromelanin-sensitive sequences in SCZ vs. healthy controls (HC).Methods: According to predefined search terms and inclusion criteria studies were extracted on PubMed. Meta-analyses with a fixed and random-effects model with inverse variance method, DerSimonian-Laird estimator for τ2, and Cohen's d were calculated. Bias was assessed using funnel plots. The primary study outcome was contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the substantia nigra compared between HC and SCZ.Results: The total sample of k = 6 studies included n = 183 cases and n = 162 controls. Across all studies we found a significant elevation of CNR in the substantia nigra (d = 0.42 [0.187; 0.655], z = 3.521, p < 0.001) in cases compared to controls. We found no significant difference in the control region of locus coeruleus (d = −0.07 [−0.446; 0.302], z = −0.192, p = 0.847), with CNR for the latter only reported in k = 3 studies.Conclusion: CNR in the substantia nigra were significantly elevated in cases compared to controls. Our results support neuromelanin as a candidate biomarker for dopaminergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. Further studies need to assess this candidate marker in large, longitudinal cohorts and address potential effects of disease state, medication and correlations with symptoms.

scholarly journals Substantia nigra neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging in patients with different subtypes of Parkinson disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yayun Yan ◽  
Liyao Zhang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Ruirui Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mean Values

AbstractNeuromelanin (NM) is a dark pigment that mainly exists in neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). In Parkinson disease (PD) patients, NM concentration decreases gradually with degeneration and necrosis of dopamine neurons, suggesting potential use as a PD biomarker. We aimed to evaluate associations between NM concentration in in vivo SN and PD progression and different motor subtypes using NM magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI). Fifty-four patients with idiopathic PD were enrolled. Patients were divided into groups by subtypes with different clinical symptoms: tremor dominant (TD) group and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) group. Fifteen healthy age-matched volunteers were enrolled as controls. All subjects underwent clinical assessment and NM-MRI examination. PD patients showed significantly decreased contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values in medial and lateral SN (P < 0.05) compared to controls. CNR values in lateral SN region decreased linearly with PD progression (P = 0.001). PIGD patients showed significant decreases in CNR mean values in lateral SN compared to TD patients (P = 0.004). Diagnostic accuracy of using lateral substantia nigra (SN) in TD and PIGD groups was 79% (sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 78.6%). NM concentration in PD patients decreases gradually during disease progression and differs significantly between PD subtypes. NM may be a reliable biomarker for PD severity and subtype identification.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging for non-invasive clinical evaluation of normal and regenerated cartilage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Xu ◽  
Jingming Gao ◽  
Shuyun Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffold ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, it is much desired to establish bioimaging techniques to monitor the real-time regeneration efficacy in vivo in a non-invasive way. Herein, we tried magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate knee cartilage regeneration after implanting a biomaterial scaffold seeded with chondrocytes, namely, matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI). After summary of the T2 mapping and the T1-related delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in vitro and in vivo in the literature, these two MRI techniques were tried clinically. In this study, 18 patients were followed up for 1 year. It was found that there was a significant difference between the regeneration site and the neighboring normal site (control), and the difference gradually diminished with regeneration time up to 1 year according to both the quantitative T1 and T2 MRI methods. We further established the correlation between the quantitative evaluation of MRI and the clinical Lysholm scores for the first time. Hence, the MRI technique was confirmed to be a feasible semi-quantitative yet non-invasive way to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of knee articular cartilage.

scholarly journals Thickness of cerebral cortex measured using anatomical mesoscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Liuda Janauskaitë ◽  
Justina Kaèerauskienë ◽  
Ugnë Jaðinskaitë ◽  
Vytautas Gedrimas ◽  
Rimvydas Stropus
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective. Magnetic resonance imaging method opened up the possibility for in vivo examination of the anatomy of human brain. For this reason it is interesting and relevant to compare the knowledge accumulated over a number of years during the examination of the composition of dead brain to that obtained from magnetic resonance images. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the thickness of cerebral cortex in human of different age and sex, measured in different sites of the hemispheres when applying anatomical mesoscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Material and methods. The thickness of cerebral cortex was measured in symmetrical Brodmann’s areas of both hemispheres. The anatomical mesoscopic imaging technique was used for the examination of 2×2-cm cortex samples obtained during autopsy and fixed for 4 weeks in 10% paraformaldehyde. In these samples, cortex thickness was measured in sections perpendicular to the convolution, using an operative microscope, in a mesoscopic image at ×16 magnification and with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Using cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, the thickness of cerebral cortex in live subjects was measured on T1-weighted images of patients examined at the Clinic of Radiology, Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital. The measured cortical field image was magnified to the smallest element of digital image – the pixel – and measured with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Each of the two techniques was applied for the examination of 20 men and women who were divided into age groups of 20–60 years (n=10) and older than 60 years (n=10). Results and conclusions. Both examination methods yielded a statistically significant difference in the thickness of cerebral cortex between Brodmann’s areas 1, 4, and 19. No significant difference in cortex thickness was found between different age and sex groups; however, the findings showed that the difference in cortex thickness between the different age male groups was 4.6% and female – 1.6%. No significant difference using different techniques was found, but the cortex thickness in the fixed samples was reduced by 0.5 cm on average.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Methods for the Estimation of Pineal Gland Volume Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyazi Acer ◽  
Ahmet Turan Ilıca ◽  
Ahmet Tuncay Turgut ◽  
Özlem Özçelik ◽  
Birdal Yıldırım ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pineal Tumors ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Significant Difference

Pineal gland is a very important neuroendocrine organ with many physiological functions such as regulating circadian rhythm. Radiologically, the pineal gland volume is clinically important because it is usually difficult to distinguish small pineal tumors via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although many studies have estimated the pineal gland volume using different techniques, to the best of our knowledge, there has so far been no stereological work done on this subject. The objective of the current paper was to determine the pineal gland volume using stereological methods and by the region of interest (ROI) on MRI. In this paper, the pineal gland volumes were calculated in a total of 62 subjects (36 females, 26 males) who were free of any pineal lesions or tumors. The mean ± SD pineal gland volumes of the point-counting, planimetry, and ROI groups were99.55±51.34,102.69±40.39, and104.33±40.45 mm3, respectively. No significant difference was found among the methods of calculating pineal gland volume (P>0.05). From these results, it can be concluded that each technique is an unbiased, efficient, and reliable method, ideally suitable for in vivo examination of MRI data for pineal gland volume estimation.

Monitoring stem cell migration in the nervous system by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S692-S692
Author(s):  
Mathias Hoehn ◽  
Uwe Himmelreich ◽  
Ralph Weber ◽  
Pedro Ramos-Cabrer ◽  
Susanne Wegener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Stem Cell Migration
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