scholarly journals Parental Chronic Illness, Internalizing Problems in Young Adulthood and the Mediating Role of Adolescent Attachment to Parents: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannike Kaasbøll ◽  
Norbert Skokauskas ◽  
Stian Lydersen ◽  
Anne Mari Sund
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Adolescent Attachment ◽  
Parental Chronic Illness ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Parental chronic illness is associated with an elevated risk for developing social-emotional and behavioral problems in children, in particular internalizing symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the associations between parental chronic illness when participants were adolescents and subsequent internalizing symptoms in young adulthood and whether adolescent attachment to parents or peers mediates these associations.Methods: The study used longitudinal survey data from the Youth and Mental Health Study, a cohort study including a representative sample of youth in central Norway assessed in the period from 1999 to 2000 (mean age 14.9 years) and in 2012 (mean age 27.2 years) (N = 1,266). The data consist of youth self-reports at both time points. Parental chronic illness was reported by the adolescents, quality of attachment was measured using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and internalizing problems were assessed in young adulthood by using the Adult Self-Report (ASR). Data were analyzed using parallel mediation analyses, controlling for adolescent sex, parental socioeconomic status, and divorce. In addition, separate analyses were conducted for adolescent girls and boys.Results: The total longitudinal effect was significant for both maternal and paternal chronic illness on internalizing problems in young adulthood. The direct effect on internalizing problems was only significant for maternal chronic illness. Attachment to fathers partially mediated the relationship between maternal chronic illness in adolescence and internalizing symptoms in young adulthood, whereas attachment to both mothers and fathers fully mediated the relationship between paternal chronic illness in adolescence and internalizing symptoms in young adulthood. A separate analysis for girls and boys indicated that the results were only significant for girls. Parental chronic illness did not play a significant indirect effect via attachment to peers on internalizing problems.Conclusions: Identifying protective factors in the pathways between parental chronic illness and mental distress in children could guide measures that promote the well-being of the child and family. The study demonstrates the importance of targeting the entire family in chronic illness care.

Obesity in young adulthood and later disability pension: A population-based cohort study of 366,929 Swedish men

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Karnehed ◽  
Finn Rasmussen ◽  
Malin Kark
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Obese People ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased threefold among Swedish men during recent decades. Knowledge from Sweden on how obese men manage in working life and become disability pensioners is sparse. The aim of this nationwide and population-based cohort study was to investigate to what extent body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood predicts later disability pension. Method: All Swedish men born 1952—59, who had their weight and height measured at age 18 years in the compulsory military conscription examinations, were followed up longitudinally from 1990 to 2001 with regard to receiving disability pension. Data on own socioeconomic position (1985), education and marital status (1990), parental socioeconomic position (1960), and education (1970) were obtained from censuses. For 366,929 men (81% of the eligible men) the hazard ratio for receiving disability pension was calculated with Cox regression controlling for own education, parental education, childhood and adult socioeconomic position, marital status, morbidity, and type of municipality. Results: Obesity in young adulthood increased the risk for disability pension later in life (1.35, 95% CI 1.19, 1.52) compared with men of normal weight. The relationship between BMI and disability pension was J-shaped with higher risks for underweight (1.14, 95% CI 1.09, 1.20) and obese men. Conclusions: Obese men in Sweden are at higher risk of receiving disability pension. The relationship between BMI and disability pension is J-shaped. An important future task is to estimate the societal costs due to disability pension of obese people.

scholarly journals It gets better or does it? Peer victimization and internalizing problems in the transition to young adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie J. Leadbeater ◽  
Kara Thompson ◽  
Paweena Sukhawathanakul
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Relational Victimization ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Over Time

AbstractConsistent research shows that peer victimization predicts internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence, but the extent to which peer victimization and its harmful effects on mental health persists into young adulthood is unclear. The current study describes patterns of physical and relational victimization during and after high school, and examines concurrent and prospective associations between internalizing symptoms (depressive and anxious symptoms) and peer victimization (physical and relational) from adolescence to young adulthood (ages 12–27). Data were collected from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey, a five-wave multicohort study conducted biennially between 2003 and 2011 (N = 662). Physical victimization was consistently low and stable over time. Relational victimization increased for males after high school. Both types of victimization were associated concurrently with internalizing symptoms across young adulthood for males and for females. Although sex differences were important, victimization in high school also predicted increases in internalizing problems over time.

scholarly journals A-040 Shift as Mediator Between ADHD Status and Internalizing Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-830
Author(s):  
Imre Z ◽  
Kibby M
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Bootstrap Estimation ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Individuals with ADHD are at a higher risk for internalizing disorders such as anxiety (APA, 2013). Some internalizing symptoms are associated with problems in shift (Ajilchi & Nejati, 2017). Individuals with ADHD also often have poor shift (Martel et al., 2007; Shuai et al., 2011). Hence, this project hypothesized shift to be a statistical mediator in the relationship between ADHD status and internalizing symptoms. Method Participants included 257 children from a pre-existing, grant-funded database (R03HD048752, R15HD065627), which is from a community sample. The mean age of participants is 9.54 years, with this sample being 53.7% male and 87.9% Caucasian. Participants included children with ADHD (n = 89), Reading Disorder (RD; n = 47), comorbid RD/ADHD (n = 47), and controls (n = 74). Parents completed several questionnaires on their child, including the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Second Edition (BASC-2). The BRIEF Shift and BASC-2 Internalizing Problems subscales were used for this project. Results Mediation analysis was run in PROCESS using ADHD status as the predictor variable, BRIEF Shift as the statistical mediator, and BASC Internalizing Problems as the outcome variable. ADHD status was no longer significant when including Shift in the model (from p = .01 to p = .59). Bootstrap estimation with 5,000 samples indicated a significant indirect effect, as the 95% confidence interval did not contain zero [2.66, 6.61]. Conclusions Problems with shift may be a mediator contributing to the higher risk for internalizing problems in children with ADHD. However, this needs to be verified in a longitudinal study.

The Role of Spiritual Experiences and Activities in the Relationship Between Chronic Illness and Psychological Well-Being

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1386-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoshana H. Ballew ◽  
Susan M. Hannum ◽  
Jean M. Gaines ◽  
Katherine A. Marx ◽  
John M. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Is spiritual well-being related to survival time of inpatients with advanced cancer? An East Asian cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hiratsuka ◽  
Sang-Yeon Suh ◽  
Seon Hye Won ◽  
Sung Eun Choi ◽  
Sun Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Palliative Care Units ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose: It has been suggested that psychosocial factors are related to survival time in patients with cancer. However, there is no cross-cultural study examining the relationship between spiritual well-being (SWB) and survival time among countries. This study investigated the relationship between SWB and survival time among three East Asian countries. Methods: This international multicenter cohort study is a secondary analysis involving newly admitted inpatients with advanced cancer in palliative care units in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. SWB was measured at admission. We performed multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: A total of 2638 patients treated at 37 palliative care units from January 2017 to September 2018 were analyzed. The median survival time was 18.0 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.5 to 19.5) in Japan, 23.0 days (95% CI 19.9 to 26.1) in Korea and 15.0 days (95% CI 13.0 to 17.0) in Taiwan. Four variables were significant in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. SWB was a significant factor correlated with survival in Taiwan (hazard ratio [HR] 1.27; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.59; p = 0.04), while it was insignificant in Japan (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.22; p = 0.06), and Korea (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.77 to 1.35; p = 0.89). Conclusion: SWB of patients with advanced cancer was related to survival time in Taiwan but not in Japan or Korea. The findings suggest that spiritual care may contribute to prolonged survival in patients with far advanced cancer.

Inner strength in women with chronic illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-116
Author(s):  
Amanda Jenkinson ◽  
Mary A Cantrell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Inner Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives This literature review summarizes research relevant to the meaning of inner strength in females living with a chronic illness. This review also examined studies that have used The Inner Strength Questionnaire to examine inner strength among chronically ill females. Methods Using the search terms inner strength and women, CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest Nursing databases were searched for the years 1990–2016. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. Results Inner strength in women is a mental health construct that women can encompass to positively affect their quality of life while living through challenging life events. The Theory of Inner Strength appears to be a useful a framework for understanding how physical, psychological, and spiritual health can promote well-being, quality of life, and spirituality in women. Discussion The limited number of studies identified suggests the need for further investigations to explore the relationship between inner strength and quality of life among females living with chronic health conditions. The Inner Strength Questionnaire is a unique tool with adequate psychometric properties to measure inner strength in chronically ill women that includes a holistic assessment of living with a chronic illness that encompasses women’ social, physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.

scholarly journals Self-Acceptance and Interdependence Promote Longevity: Evidence From a 20-year Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Ng ◽  
Heather G. Allore ◽  
Becca R. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
The Relationship

We explored psychosocial pathways to longevity, specifically, the association between psychological well-being and mortality in a 20-year prospective cohort study of 7626 participants. As hypothesized, high self-acceptance and interdependence were associated with decreased mortality risk, controlling for other psychological components (purpose, positive relations, growth, mastery) and potential confounders: personality, depression, self-rated health, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), illness, and demographics. Self-acceptance decreased mortality risk by 19% and added three years of life. Longevity expectation fully mediated the relationship between self-acceptance and mortality. Interdependence decreased mortality risk by 17% and added two years of life. Serenity towards death fully mediated the relationship between interdependence and mortality. This is the first known study to investigate self-acceptance, interdependence, and serenity toward death as promoters of longevity, and distilled the relative contributions of these factors, controlling for covariates—all of which were measured over multiple time points. Theoretically, this study suggests that components of well-being may make meaningful contributions to longevity, and practically recommend that self-acceptance and interdependence could be added to interventions to promote aging health.

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