Framing Effects and Evidence Type: Influence on the Persuasive Effect of Myopia Prevention Messages Among Elementary School Students in China

Background: The myopia is a public health issue that attracts much attention. However, limited attention has been paid to the effect of primary school students' acceptance of health messages. Previous studies have found that framing effects and evidence types influence the persuasive effect of messages.Purpose: This study explored whether framing effects and evidence type influence the persuasive effect of myopia prevention messages among elementary school students and the influence of children's myopia prevention cognition was considered.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,493 elementary school students aged 9 to 13 in China from May to July 2020 by convenience sampling. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multinomial logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: Significant differences were found in the persuasive effect between statistical and non-statistical evidence messages (p < 0.001). Among non-statistical evidence messages, gain-framed messages showed a greater persuasive effect than loss-framed messages (p < 0.001). Among statistical evidence messages, loss-framed messages performed better than gain-framed messages (p < 0.001). Children's myopia prevention cognition exerted no significant effect on the persuasive effect of the messages (p > 0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrated the influence of framing effect on the persuasive effect of myopia prevention messages among children aged 9 to 13 in China. Non-statistical evidence messages showed a better persuasive effect than statistical evidence messages. Different types of evidence influenced the persuasive effect of gain- and loss- framed messages. These findings have implications for strategies more or less likely to work in making myopia prevention messages for children.

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Physiological Exophoria Did Not Increase The Incidence of Myopia in Rural School Children in Taiwan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-701227/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jui-Hung Hsu ◽

Li-Ju Lai ◽

Tao-Hsin Tung ◽

Wei-Hsiu Hsu

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

School Students

Abstract Purpose:This study evaluated the incidence rate and risk factors for developing myopia in elementary school students in Chiayi, Taiwan.Methods:This prospective cohort study comprised 1816 students without myopia (grades 1 to 5 in Chiayi County). The students underwent a noncycloplegic ocular alignment examinations using an autorefractometer and completed a questionnaires at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up. A univariate logistic regression was used to assess the effects of the categorical variables on new cases of myopia. A multinomial logistic regression was then conducted. A chi-squared test was used to compare new cases of myopia in terms of ocular alignment. A Cox hazard ratio model was then used to validate factors associated with changes in ocular alignment. A P value of <.05 was considered significant.Results: In 370 participants with new cases of myopia out of 1816 participants, a spherical error of −1.51 ± 0.6 diopters was noted at follow-up. The baseline ocular alignment was not a significant risk factor for developing myopia (exophoria vs orthophoria: OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.97-1.62; other vs. orthophoria: OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.73-1.82). However, new cases of myopia (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1.61), and baseline ocular alignment (exophoria vs orthophoria: HR 3.76, 95% CI 3.20-4.42; other vs orthophoria: HR 3.02, 95% CI 2.05-4.45) were associated with exophoria at follow-up.Conclusions: This study provided epidemiological data on the incidence of myopia in elementary school students in Chiayi, Taiwan. It also demonstrated that physiological exophoria does not predispose patients to developing myopia.

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PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERMAINAN EDUKATIF TERHADAP PERILAKU MENCUCI TANGAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI

Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional ◽

10.37294/jrkn.v3i1.144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Made - Rismawan ◽

IGNM Kusuma Negara

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

First Grade ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Educational Game ◽

Rank Test ◽

School Students ◽

Public Elementary School

ABSTRACT. Background. One of the causes of the low hand washing behavior in public elementary school students is due to the limited learning media used. The Educational Game Tool (EGT), specifically the snake ladder game, can be used as an alternative learning media about hand washing behavior in public elementary school students. This study aims to determine the effect of using EGT on hand washing behavior of public elementary school students in Denpasar City. Methods. This pre-experimental study used the design of the One Group Pre-Post Test Only and was carried out at SDN 3 Tonja. The sample in this study were 30 first grade students who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The research instrument uses the Hand Washing Questioner and a snake ladder game developed by researchers. Result. The test results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test showed that the handwashing behavior of all participants significantly increased after treatment (M = 15.5, p <0.001). Discussion. A pleasant EGT makes it easy for children to understand the positive behavior they want to instill. While carrying out this game, children begin to accept and be ready to carry out proper hand washing behavior in their daily lives. Through the games given, information about proper hand washing behavior is acceptable. Conclusion. EGT has an effect on increasing handwashing behavior in elementary school students.Keywords: educational game tool, hand washing behavior, elementary school students

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The Use of “KakAyu Dental Flipbook” in Oral Health Knowledge Improvement for Elementary School Students in Depok

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v11i4.1299 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Rikawarastuti Rikawarastuti ◽

Eka Anggreni ◽

Rahaju Budiarti ◽

Nurlaila Ramadhan Suid

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Oral Health ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Rank Test ◽

School Students ◽

Oral Health Knowledge ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Post Test ◽

Signed Rank Test

Educating Indonesian children to improve their knowledge about the importance of maintaining oral health is needed. This study was aimed to explain relation between several factors in elementary school students, such as grade, age, sex with number of children in family or economic factor such as whether the mother is housewife or she earns regular income, which is affected by improvement of their oral health education. A quasi experiment pre-test and post-test without control group design involved 141 students as selected through purposive sampling. Samples were distributed to grade IV, V, and VI of private elementary school students in Depok, West Java, Indonesia in April-October 2016. Data collection used pre-test and post-test questionnaires. Data processing used Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and regression logistic. Results showed the improvement of knowledge level after implementing “KakAyu Dental Flipbook” education. The average result of respondents’ knowledge at pre-test was 80.85 ± 14.17, and 93.40 ± 9.84 at post-test. There is a relation between knowledge improvement and education using “KakAyu Oral Dental/Orthodonthic Flipbook” (p value = 0.001), but no significant relation between the variables (grade, age, sex, number of family members and mother’s working status) and oral health knowledge improvement of elementary school students.AbstrakPerlu adanya edukasi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan anak Indonesia tentang pentingnya memelihara kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara faktor siswa sekolah dasar seperti kelas, usia, jenis kelamin dengan jumlah anak dalam keluarga atau faktor ekonomi seorang ibu rumah tangga atau berpenghasilan tetap, yang dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan pengetahuan dari edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Disain penelitian quasi experiment pre-test dan post-test tanpa desain grup kontrol melibatkan 141 siswa yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Sampel tersebar pada siswa kelas IV, V, dan VI sekolah dasar swasta di Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia pada April-Oktober 2016. Data penelitian diperoleh dari kuesioner pre-test dan post-test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dan regresi logistik digunakan dalam pengolahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan meningkat setelah dilakukan edukasi menggunakan “KakAyu Dental Flipbook”. Rata-rata hasil pengetahuan responden saat pre-test 80,85 ± 14,17 dan saat post-test 93,40 ± 9,84. Terdapat korelasi antara peningkatan pengetahuan dan edukasi menggunakan “KakAyu Oral Dental/Orthodonthic Flipbook” (nilai p = 0,001), namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel (kelas, usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah anak dalam keluarga, dan status pekerjaan ibu) dengan peningkatan pengetahuan kesehatan mulut siswa sekolah dasar.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READINESS AND ANXIETY LEVEL IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS FACING MENARCHE IN PADEMAWU SUB-DISTRICT, PAMEKASAN

Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan ◽

10.20473/jbk.v9i2.2020.95-103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Mega Widya Puspa Ningrum ◽

Windhu Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Pubic Hair ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Breast Development ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional

The signs of puberty in teenagers are including physical changes such as breast development (thelarche), pubic hair growth (pubarche) and armpits, menarche, and ovulation. Menstruation that occurs for the first time is known as menarche. Teenagers facing menarche require good preparation since anxiety and fear will likely appear. Anxiety that occurs makes teenagers experience selective attention that disrupts their concentration. Preliminary studies that have been conducted by researchers are known to have elementary school students who experience anxiety facing menarche in Pademawu (sub-district) as the subjects. This study aims to analyze the relationship between readiness and anxiety level of elementary school students facing menarche in Pademawu, Pamekasan (district). The quantitative cross-sectional study is a research design chosen by researchers. The number of research samples of 75 students was obtained through cluster random sampling. The clusters used as research samples are in different schools and the same sub-district. Multinomial logistic regression is a statistical test for analyzing data. The results of the study were 49.3 percent of students had sufficient knowledge about menarche. As many as 38.7 percents of students received family support about moderate menarche. Furthermore, 68 percent of students were not ready to face menarche, and 45.3 percent of students experienced moderate anxiety. In the statistical test results obtained a correlation value of 0.001. In this research, it is known that there is a relationship between readiness and anxiety level in dealing with menarche in elementary school students in Pademawu, Pamekasan. Family willingness and support are factors that influence respondents' anxiety in facing menarche. Parents are expected to be active in educating their daughters by providing information and motivation in dealing with menarche.

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