scholarly journals Electromagnetic Fields Modify Redox Balance in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Sieroń ◽  
Katarzyna Knapik ◽  
Grzegorz Onik ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
Ewa Birkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of electromagnetic fields with divergent physical properties on the prooxidative and antioxidative balances in homogenates of the tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines of rats.Material and Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, namely, a control group, a group exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMFs; frequency: 50 Hz; intensity: 10 kV/m; magnetic induction: 4.3 pT), a group exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted by mobile phones (frequency: 900 MHz), and a group exposed simultaneously to LF-EMFs and RF-EMFs emitted by mobile phones. After 28 consecutive days of the experiment, the following pro- and antioxidative markers were assessed in the gastrointestinal tract homogenates: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its two isoenzymes (Mn-SOD, Cu,Zn-SOD) catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA).Results: In rats exposed to LF-EMFs, higher concentrations of the markers of prooxidant processes, MDA or TOS, were observed in the salivary glands, esophagus, and small intestine homogenates in comparison with the control group. Additionally, in the group of rats opposite to the control, antioxidant activity was observed. The main differences included a higher activity of Cu,Zn-SOD in homogenates of the tongue, salivary glands, and esophagus as well as decreased activity of CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, and small intestine. In animals exposed to RF-EMFs, the concentration of TOS was higher in the large intestine than in control rats. The main difference of antioxidant activity was presented by decreased Cu,Zn-SOD in homogenates of the salivary glands, stomach, small and large intestine as well as CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine. Moreover, in rats exposed simultaneously to LF-EMFs and RF-EMFs, a lower concentration of TOS was observed. Antioxidant activity was presented by a decreased activity of CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine in comparison to the control group.Conclusion: Among those applied in the study, electromagnetic fields of a low-frequency caused the most significant disturbances of oxidative stress in the rat gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals A Metabolomic-Based Evaluation of the Role of Commensal Microbiota throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Yamamoto ◽  
Yumiko Nakanishi ◽  
Shinnosuke Murakami ◽  
Wanping Aw ◽  
Tomoya Tsukimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbes ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Commensal microbiota colonize the surface of our bodies. The inside of the gastrointestinal tract is one such surface that provides a habitat for them. The gastrointestinal tract is a long organ system comprising of various parts, and each part possesses various functions. It has been reported that the composition of intestinal luminal metabolites between the small and large intestine are different; however, comprehensive metabolomic and commensal microbiota profiles specific to each part of the gastrointestinal lumen remain obscure. In this study, by using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS)-based metabolome and 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome analyses of specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) murine gastrointestinal luminal profiles, we observed the different roles of commensal microbiota in each part of the gastrointestinal tract involved in carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient production. We found that the concentrations of most amino acids in the SPF small intestine were higher than those in the GF small intestine. Furthermore, sugar alcohols such as mannitol and sorbitol accumulated only in the GF large intestine, but not in the SPF large intestine. On the other hand, pentoses, such as arabinose and xylose, gradually accumulated from the cecum to the colon only in SPF mice, but were undetected in GF mice. Correlation network analysis between the gastrointestinal microbes and metabolites showed that niacin metabolism might be correlated to Methylobacteriaceae. Collectively, commensal microbiota partially affects the gastrointestinal luminal metabolite composition based on their metabolic dynamics, in cooperation with host digestion and absorption.

scholarly journals The Effect of 12 Hz Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Visual Memory of Male Macaque Monkeys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Kazemi ◽  
◽  
Hamed Aliyari ◽  
Elaheh Tekieh ◽  
Hassan Tavacoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Rhesus

Introduction: Today, humans leave in a world surrounded by electromagnetic fields. Numerous studies have been carried out to discover the biological, physiological, and behavioral effects of electromagnetic fields on humans and animals. Given the biological similarities between monkeys and humans, the goal of the present research was to examine Visual Memory (VM), hormonal, genomic, and anatomic changes, and changes of the amygdala function in the male rhesus macaques who exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF/MF). Materials and methods: Four male Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) were used. For the behavioral tests the animals were needed to be fasting for 17 hours, and for the behavioral tests such as visual memory, cooperation of the animal was necessary. Using the radiation protocol, two of the monkeys were exposed to 12-Hz electromagnetic fields with a magnitude of 0.7 microtesla (electromagnetic radiation) four hours a day for a month. Before and after the exposure, a visual memory test was conducted using a coated device (visible reward) on a movable stand. Ten mL of blood was obtained from the femoral artery of the monkeys and half of it was used to examine cortisol serum levels using MyBioSource kits (made in the USA). The other half of blood samples were used to extract lymphocytes for assaying expressions of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) genes before and after radiation using the PCR method. Anatomic studies of the amygdala were carried out based on pre- and post-radiation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Findings: Research results indicated that visual memory in male primates increased significantly at the 12Hz frequency. Hormonal analysis at the 12Hz frequency showed a decrease in cortisol serum levels. However, visual memory and serum cortisol levels did not change considerably in male primates in the control group. There was no considerable amygdala volumetric difference at the 12 Hz frequency. The expression of the GR genes decreased at 12Hz compared to the control group. Conclusion: In short, these results indicated that ELF may have a beneficial value for memory enhancement as indicated by the fact that exposure to the 12 HZ ELF can enhance visual memory. This may be due to a decrease in plasma cortisol, and/or expression of GR genes. Moreover, direct involvement of the amygdala in this regard cannot be recommended.

Description of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Stannard ◽  
Julie M. Old
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
New Information ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This paper provides a macro- and microscopic description of the digestive tract of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), a small dasyurid marsupial. The digestive tract was simple, with no external differentiation between the small and large intestine, and lacked a caecum. Mean gross length of the kultarr digestive tract was 165.2 ± 32.1 mm. Microscopically, the tissues had cell types similar to those of other mammals. The new information will aid future post-mortem investigations of captive kultarrs and future studies of nutrition.

Pyrosequencing-based analysis of the complex microbiota located in the gastrointestinal tracts of growing-finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
Y. Han ◽  
J. Z. Zhao ◽  
Z. J. Zhou ◽  
H. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Colon And Rectum

The commensal gut microbial communities play an important role in the health and production efficiency of growing-finishing pigs. This study aimed to analyse the composition and diversity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract sections (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum) of growing-finishing pigs. This analysis was assessed using 454 pyrosequencing targeting the V3–V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were collected from 20, healthy pigs aged 24 weeks and weighing 115.9 ± 5.4 kg. The dominant bacterial phyla in the various gastrointestinal tract sections were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Prevotella, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospira were more abundant in the large intestine than in the stomach and the small intestine. Unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae and Corynebacterium were more abundant in the small intestine than in the stomach and the large intestine. Shuttleworthia, unclassified Veillonellaceae and Mitsuokella were more abundant in the stomach than in the small and large intestines. At the species level, M. el.s.d.enii and M. multacida were predominant in the stomach. In addition, P. stercorea, P. copri, C. butyricum, R. flavefaciens and R. bromii were significantly more abundant in the large intestine than in the stomach and the small intestine. B. pseudolongum and B. thermacidophilum were significantly more abundant in the small intestine than in the stomach and the large intestine. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the overall composition of the pig gastrointestinal microbiota could be clustered into three groups: stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine (caecum, colon and rectum). Venn diagrams illustrated the distribution of shared and specific operational taxonomic units among the various gastrointestinal tract sections.

Gastrointestinal physiology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Physiology

This chapter describes gastrointestinal physiology as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, saliva, swallowing, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and large intestine. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

scholarly journals Contribution of rat liver and gastrointestinal tract to whole-body protein synthesis in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A McNurlan ◽  
P J Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The rate of protein synthesis was assessed in liver, stomach, small and large intestine and in the whole body of rats by injection of 100 mumol of [14C]leucine/100 g body wt. In each of the tissues turnover was very rapid, so that taken together they accounted for 43% of the protein synthesized by the whole animal.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING LEVELS OF RAW LIMA BEAN (Phasealus lunatus) ON THE RAT'S PANCREATIC AND INTESTINAL TRYPSIN (EC 3.4.21.4) AND CHYMOTRYPSIN (EC 3.4.21.1) ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
V. A. Aletor ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Multiple Determination ◽  
Proteinase Inhibition ◽  
Small And Large Intestine ◽  
Pancreatic Proteinase

Two series of assays involving a total of 120 growing rats were carried out to investigate the effect of varying levels of raw lima bean (RLB) on pancreatic and intestinal trypsin EC 3.4.21.4) and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) activities. Experiment one indicates significant (P<0.01) inhibtion of both pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin due to RLB feeding. Enzyme activities in both the small and large intestine were also significantly (P<0.01) depressed while enzyme values in the caecum were not. Age x Diet interaction was non significant with respect to these enzymes. Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin correlated significantly (P<0.01; P<0.05) with RLB with respective R2, coefficient of multiple determination, of 0.94 and 0.67. Trypsin activity in both the small and large intestine was also significantly (P<0.01) correlated with respective R2 of 0.78 and 0.96. The second study suggests a less than 10% replacement of cooked lima bean by the raw to avert significant pancreatic proteinase inhibition, and a less than 15% replacement of the cooked lima bean by the raw to aver t significantinhibition of the proteinases especially in the small intestine.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields of Dental Light Cure Devices and Mobile Phones Accelerating Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations: An in vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2Apr) ◽  
Author(s):  
S M J Mortazavi ◽  
A Dehghani Nazhvani ◽  
M Paknahad
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation ◽  
Amalgam Restorations

Background: Previous studies have shown that exposure to electromagnetic fields produced by magnetic resonance imaging or mobile phones can lead to increased microleakage of dental amalgam.Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field of a commercial dental light cure device and a common GSM mobile phone on microleakage of amalgam restorations.Materials and Methods: Identical class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 60 non-carious extracted human teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 samples each. The samples in the first group were not exposed to electromagnetic fields, while the second and the third groups were exposed to electromagnetic fields produced by a commercial light cure device, or mobile phone radiation (60 min), respectively. The fourth group was exposed to electromagnetic radiations emitted by both mobile phone for 60 min and light cure device. Then, teeth samples were scored for microleakage according to a standard dye penetration protocol by examination under a stereomicroscope.Results: The mean score of microleakage in the fourth group (light cure + mobile phone) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P =0.030). Moreover, the scores of microleakage in this group were significantly higher than that of the second group (light cure only) (P= 0.043).Conclusion: Exposure of amalgam restorations to electromagnetic fields produced by both light cure devices and mobile phones can synergistically increase the microleakage of amalgam restorations.

scholarly journals Clinical and experimental substantiation of the effect of hypoxia on the wall of the small and large intestine in newborns

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Irina Yuryevna Karpova ◽  
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Parshikov ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Prodanets ◽  
Tatyana Ivanovna Solovieva ◽  
Evgenia Dmitrievna Pyatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Tissue Component ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Connective Tissue Component ◽  
Small And Large Intestine ◽  
Experimental Substantiation

Based on the analysis of morphological and morphometric data, the clinical and experimental results of the effect of hypoxia on the wall of the small and large intestine in newborns are presented. The clinical part is based on the study of 58 case histories of patients with necrotizing enterocolitis, which the operating material (resected sections of the small intestine, large intestine) was studied in detail. The experimental work included the modeling of chronic hypobaric hypoxia in different trimesters of pregnancy in 4 groups of white rats (24 females). The offspring was taken out of the experiment at 4-5 days after birth, followed by collection of the small and large intestine areas to study histoarchitectonics. It is proved that hypoxia affects the number of newborn offspring, its weight. The small intestine is most vulnerable to the effect of this factor. Analysis of the morphological and morphometric picture of the operating and experimental material convincingly proves that under the influence of hypoxia the destruction of the intestinal mucosa occurs and the growth of the connective tissue component in the muscle layer occurs. Changes from the microcirculation of blood and lymph provoke the development of pre-ulcerative, ulcerative defects and the formation of necrosis. Disturbance of the drainage function promotes the spread of destruction in the intestinal wall.

scholarly journals Comparing the Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Diverse Values on Anxiety, Memory, Learning, And Β-Amyloid Deposition In Adult Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Nafiseh Faraji ◽  
◽  
Iraj Salehi ◽  
Akram Alizadeh ◽  
Arash Pourgholaminejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Background: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have gathered significant consideration for their possible pathogenicity. However, their effects on nervous system functions were not fully clarified. In this study, our aim was to assay the effect of ELF-EMFs with different intensity on memory, anxiety, antioxidant activity, beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition and microglia population in rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty male adult rats were randomly separated into 5 groups; four groups exposed to a flux density of 1, 100, 500 and 2000 microtesla (µT), 50 Hertz (Hz) frequency for 1h/day for 2 months and one group as a control group. The control group were without ELF-EMF stimulation. After 8 weeks, passive avoidance and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests was performed to assess memory formation and anxiety-like behavior, respectively. Total free thiol groups and the index of lipid peroxidation were assessed. Also, for detection of β-Amyloid deposition and stained microglia in the brain, anti-β-amyloid and anti-Iba1 antibodies were used. Results: In the ELF-EMF exposure groups, the step-through latency was significantly greater in the retention test (100,500, and 2000 µT) than in the control group (P<0.05). Also, the percentage of the entries into the open arms in ELF-EMF exposure groups (especially 2000 µT) decreased than control group (P <0.05). No β-Amyloid depositions were detected in the hippocampus of different groups. An increase in microglia numbers in the 100, 500 and 2000 µT groups was observed in compare to the control and 1 µT group. Conclusion: Exposure to ELF-EMF had an anxiogenic effect on rats and promoted memory and also induced oxidative stress. No β-Amyloid depositions were detected in the brain. Also, positive effect of ELF-EMF was observed on population of microglia population in the brain.

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