scholarly journals How Do Institutional Conflicts of Interest Between Pharmaceutical Companies and the Healthcare Sector Become Corrupt? A Case Study of Scholarship Donations Between Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Mie University, and Ono Pharmaceutical in Japan

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Anju Murayama ◽  
Kayo Harada ◽  
Hiroaki Saito ◽  
Toyoaki Sawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Corrupt Behavior

Institutional conflicts of interest (ICOIs) with pharmaceutical companies can bias internal operation of healthcare organizations. Naturally, a scholarship donation—which is a donation scheme unique to Japan, provided to healthcare organizations and their subunits to encourage educational and academic activities related to the development of new drugs—fall into the ICOI category. While anecdotal evidence exists that scholarship donations have been used as bribes by pharmaceutical companies, there has been little case study research that would illuminate the workings of this “gray area” mechanism. From this perspective, we offer an in-depth analysis of a recent scandal involving the Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Mie University and Ono Pharmaceutical, where a scholarship donation was used by a pharmaceutical company to increase the prescription of one of its key drugs at a hospital department. Available evidence also suggests that a professor based within the department originally requested a scholarship donation from the company, which became an initial trigger of the scandal. We argue that by scrutinizing scholarship donations we can gain insight into problems specific to ICOIs between the pharmaceutical companies and the healthcare sector in Japan. In addition, scholarship donations can be understood as a form of “gifts” which have been found to underpin certain forms of pharmaceutical companies' promotional activities in Japan but also in other countries. We conclude by highlighting potential institutional remedies, which may alleviate ICOIs and corrupt behavior affecting the healthcare sector.

Entrepreneurship and SME development in post-conflict societies

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernesa Djip
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Depth Analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the conditions of entrepreneurship in transition and post-conflict societies, using Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) as a case study. There are many features of this country which make it an interesting case such. It was once a part of Yugoslavia and had a socialist regime. Post-socialism, B&H turned to creating and maintaining a market-based economy, making it a transition country. Lastly, the transition process has been disturbed and delayed due to the war that began in 1992. Design/methodology/approach – The author chose a single case study research design to present a unique case and to give in-depth analysis. The author has used the method of data triangulation to increase reliability and credibility of the case study research. Findings – The case study's findings reveal that three types of conditions influence entrepreneurship in B&H: socio-political, economic and legal. The paper has several implications; more specifically, inter alia, it has helped understand complexity of transitional environments and the implications of the same on entrepreneurship development. Originality/value – The paper adds to the existing literature on factors affecting entrepreneurial activity within a post-conflict context by simplifying categorization into three broad categories. By doing so, the paper emphasizes particular areas obstructing the development of the enterprise sector in B&H.

scholarly journals Determinants of marketing and logistics management in a micro-enterprise

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Danuta Janczewska
Keyword(s):  
Case Study Research ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Logistics Management ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Abstract At present, under the conditions of some turbulent changes observed in our environment, micro-enterprises seek for opportunities to win their competitive positions in the market and in the sectors in which they operate The aim of the article is to present marketing and logistics management as one of the methods applied to achieve the market objectives of micro-enterprises. As an integrated method, marketing and logistics management may contribute to the improvement in competitiveness; hence, the recognition of conditions required for the application of this method may also contribute to the improvement in competitiveness. In the article, a review of literature related to the discussed problems is presented. The expert literature on the analysed subject does not provide any publications on micro-enterprise management, and scientific research in that sector is very scarce and provides only some general data. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the processes taking place in the micro-enterprise sector in more detail, especially in the field of modern methods of management. In the article, some considerations on the specificity of integrated logistics and marketing processes are presented. Research methods: a review of expert literature and the Author’s own case-study research. The research was carried out in the years 2015-2018 among a group of micro-enterprises in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province, Łódzkie Province, Mazowieckie Province and Wielkopolskie Province. The aim of the research was to identify conditions required for marketing and logistics management in micro-enterprises and to define the impact exerted by the factors that determine the implementation of that process. Recognising knowledge as a fundamental determinant of the implementation of modern management methods in the aspect of micro-enterprise operation requires some in-depth analysis. The article presents the results of the research based on the case-study of integrated marketing and logistics management, on the example of a virtual micro-enterprise. The main conclusions: In a virtual micro-enterprise, it is possible to indicate the field of integration of marketing and logistics processes and to define their courses and conditions. Knowledge of logistics and marketing allows us to extend the field referring to the environment of the analysed company in virtual space.

scholarly journals Impact of coupled open innovation on company business models: A case study of demand-driven co-creation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-108
Author(s):  
Heini Malm ◽  
Minna Pikkarainen ◽  
Elina Hyrkäs
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Impact

Research on open innovation refers to a model in which innovation is driven by the needs of the customer. In the healthcare sector, healthcare organizations are often the core customers for companies that want to use e-health solutions to improve patient care and cost efficiency. We examined the impact of coupled open innovation on companies’ business models. The co-creation between network actors was done in a demand-driven manner based on the needs of healthcare professionals. We present the findings of a longitudinal case study in an international setting. The research generated a new demand-driven coupled open innovation framework that supports companies in the challenging task of exploring economically viable business opportunities. Our paper contributes to the knowledge management and open business model literatures by providing empirical knowledge on the knowledge absorption and impact of coupled open innovation in the company business models in the knowledge-based economy.

scholarly journals Security Assurance Modelling of Security Incident in Healthcare using the Generic Security Template (GST)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying He ◽  
Cunjin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Organization ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Security Incident ◽  
Security Assurance ◽  
Security Incidents

Abstract Background: The recent industry reports show that the number of security incidents in healthcare sector is still increasing, especially the high severity incident, such as data leakage incident and ransomware, which can lead to significant impact on healthcare services. It is imperative for the organizations to learn lessons from those incidents. Traditional ways to disseminate lessons learned are based on text approach, the linear format of which can obscure relationships among concepts and discourage readers from integrating information across ideas. Graphical diagrams can serve this purpose, as it can communicate both individual elements of information and relationships between them. Methods: The Generic Security Template (GST) has been proposed to support the exchange of lessons learned from security incidents. It utilises graphical notations to communicate both individual elements of information and relationships between them. This paper conducts a case study by adopting the GST to capture and structure the incident information of a data leakage incident in a UK healthcare organization in order to facilitate incident exchange. Results: The results show that, the GST was able to visualise and depict the key elements, including lessons learned, the associated security requirements and organizational contextual information identified from the selected data leakage incident case study from NHS. GST provides a unified way to communicate incident information. Conclusions: This research has significance for the healthcare organizations to improve their incident learning practices. It fosters an environment where different stakeholders can speak the same language while exchanging the lessons learned from the security incidents. Future work will consider apply the GST to analyse other complex security incidents such as the advanced persistent threats (APTs) in healthcare organizations and extend the use of the GST in other industries. Keywords: Security Assurance Modelling, Generic Security Template (GST), Security Incident, Healthcare Organization.

scholarly journals Managing knowledge across boundaries in healthcare when innovation is desired

2010 ◽  
pp. 134-153 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Knowledge Brokering ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Quality Register

The purpose of this study is to explore how knowledge can be managed across boundaries when implementing innovations in the healthcare sector is desired, in this specific case a healthcare quality register. The research is based on a qualitative, case study approach and comprises methodologies such as semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The findings of this study describe knowledge transferred across boundaries on a syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic level. On the syntactic level, knowledge of the innovation was transferred by training sessions for healthcare staff and through information to patients. On the semantic level, knowledge was transferred by knowledge brokering in the professional community of rheumatologists, and by creating collective stories and encouraging rheumatologists to “try” the innovation to find added value. On the pragmatic level, there were explicit conflicts of interest between physicians and healthcare authorities, as well as resistance from some rheumatologists to share knowledge of patients and treatment. The paper is concluded with implications for innovation practice in healthcare drawn from the study and ends with remarks about challenges ahead.

Impartiality and Independence of Arbitrators in International Arbitration: Issue Conflicts as Grounds for Disqualification with Special Regard to ICSID Arbitrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-601
Author(s):  
Pablo Agustín Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Settlement Mechanism

The grounds for disqualification of arbitrators provided by most arbitration rules refer to the relationships of arbitrators with the parties or the subject matter of the dispute – i.e., issue conflicts. However, some of those rules used to be vague or unclear, which resulted in incomplete arbitrators’ disclosures, unfunded challenge requests and awards that lacked homogeneity. Following a case-study research method, the paper focuses on the ICSID investor-State dispute settlement mechanism. It analyses and compares the ICSID Convention and Arbitration Rules, the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules and the IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in light of challenge awards. The paper stresses the relevance of arbitrators’ disclosure duty and the importance of clearly defining the scope and content of ‘impartiality’ and ‘independence’ as a guidance for parties and deciding authorities when raising or deciding upon a challenge request. In particular, the study aims to show how international investment arbitrations deal with issue conflicts as grounds for disqualification, by analyzing their main causes: multiple appointments of arbitrators, similar legal issues to be decided and permission to serve both as counsel and arbitrator.

Big Data Analytics for Healthcare Organizations a Case Study of the Iraqi Healthcare Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 7783-7789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A Alani ◽  
Firas D Ahmed ◽  
Mazlina Abdul Majid ◽  
Mohd Sharifuddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Organizations

THE ASPECTS OF SHARED LEADERSHIP IN HEALTH CARE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aelita Skarbaliene ◽  
Egidijus Skarbalius
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Leadership Education ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Study Results

Leadership is overwhelming the thinking of contemporary society. A well-functioning organization is first identified with its leader very often. Therefore, it is very important to question the attitude of leadership constantly, not to devalue it, but to understand it better and realize it. Moreover, the expression of leadership in different organizations is very distinct, and its specificity in areas such as health care is still insufficiently explored. Healthcare organizations hold strict hierarchy, therefore leadership is considered as equal to the administrative position. Modern conceptualizations such as transactional, shared, authentic and other leadership theories point to the educational power of a leadership; however, implementation remains challenging. The article presents the analytical-theoretical point of view and interpretive approach for case study about leadership. Firstly, the article introduces research evidence analysis of leadership educational impact for integrated health care system. Secondly, the traditional discourse of leadership is challenged with analysis of complex adaptive systems theory. The case study research was conducted with the purpose to identify the images of leadership among nursing staff and to recognize the needs for leadership education in the healthcare system. Case study results reveal the great need for leadership education in general and for shared leadership in particular.

scholarly journals When Are Women as Corrupt as Men? Gender, Corruption, and Accountability in the UK Parliamentary Expenses Scandal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Waylen ◽  
Rosalynd Southern
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Corrupt Behavior ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Are women less corrupt than men? Although research reinforced this popular assumption, proposing more women in government to reduce corruption, recently scholars have challenged it. Analyzing the 2009 UK parliamentary expenses scandal using a gendered institutionalist approach, we show women office-holders’ propensity for corruption is context dependent. Male and female office-holders engage in similarly corrupt behavior when accountability is low. But subsequently when accountability is high, they respond to and are treated differently for perceived “wrong-doing.” Comparing low- and high-accountability contexts using in-depth case-study research shows how the relationship between corruption, accountability, and risk aversion is gendered.

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