scholarly journals Rate of Force Development Is Related to Maximal Force and Sit-to-Stand Performance in Men With Stages 3b and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared M. Gollie ◽  
Michael O. Harris-Love ◽  
Samir S. Patel ◽  
Nawar M. Shara ◽  
Marc R. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Sit To Stand

Introduction: The primary aims of the present study were to assess the relationships of early (0–50 ms) and late (100–200 ms) knee extensor rate of force development (RFD) with maximal voluntary force (MVF) and sit-to-stand (STS) performance in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not requiring dialysis.Methods: Thirteen men with CKD (eGFR = 35.17 ±.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2, age = 70.56 ±.4 years) and 12 non-CKD men (REF) (eGFR = 80.31 ± 4.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2, age = 70.22 ±.9 years) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions to determine MVF and RFD of the knee extensors. RFD was measured at time intervals 0–50 ms (RFD0−50) and 100–200 ms (RFD100−200). STS was measured as the time to complete five repetitions. Measures of rectus femoris grayscale (RF GSL) and muscle thickness (RF MT) were obtained via ultrasonography in the CKD group only. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to examine differences between groups. Bivariate relationships were assessed by Pearson's product moment correlation.Results: Knee extensor MVF adjusted for body weight (CKD=17.14 ±.1 N·kg0.67, REF=21.55 ±.3 N·kg0.67, SMD = 0.79) and STS time (CKD = 15.93 ±.4 s, REF = 12.23 ±.7 s, SMD = 1.03) were lower in the CKD group than the REF group. Absolute RFD100−200 was significantly directly related to adjusted MVF in CKD (r = 0.56, p = 0.049) and REF (r = 0.70, p = 0.012), respectively. STS time was significantly inversely related to absolute (r = −0.75, p = 0.008) and relative RFD0−50 (r = −0.65, p = 0.030) in CKD but not REF (r = 0.08, p = 0.797; r = 0.004, p = 0.991). Significant inverse relationships between RF GSL adjusted for adipose tissue thickness and absolute RFD100−200 (r =−0.59, p = 0.042) in CKD were observed.Conclusion: The results of the current study highlight the declines in strength and physical function that occur in older men with CKD stages 3b and 4 not requiring dialysis. Moreover, early RFD was associated with STS time in CKD while late RFD was associated MVF in both CKD and REF.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03160326 and NCT02277236.

scholarly journals Rate of Force Development is Related to Maximal Force, Muscle Quality and Physical Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Predialysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared M. Gollie ◽  
Michael O. Harris-Love ◽  
Samir S. Patel ◽  
Marc R. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Time Points

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical function is severely compromised in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and worsens with continued decreases in kidney function. Neuromuscular force capacity is a key determinant of physical function in healthy older adults, though its importance in persons with CKD is less understood.MethodsThis study aimed to determine the relationships among rate of force development (RFD), muscle quality and physical function in a group of community-dwelling, middle-aged and older men (n=14; age=71.2±6.2 years) with CKD stages 3 and 4 (eGFR=37.5±10.4 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Force characteristics were determined from maximal knee extensor isometric contractions and muscle quality was estimated using ultrasound grayscale analysis. Physical function was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and 5-repetition sit-to-stand (STS) test.ResultseGFR was directly related to SPPB (r=0.54, p=0.044) and inversely related to STS (r=-0.62, p=0.029). RFD was positively related to SPPB at time points 0-50 ms, 50-100 ms, and 0-300 ms (RFD0-50, r=0.73, p=0.010; RFD50-100, r=0.67, p=0.022 and RFD0-300 r=0.61, p=0.045); and inversely related to STS at time points 0-50 ms, 50-100 ms, and 0-300 ms (RFD0-50, r=-0.78, p=0.007; RFD50-100, r=-0.78, p=0.006 and RFD0-300 r=-0.76, p=0.009), respectively. RFD was positively associated with maximal voluntary force (MVF) at times 50-100 ms, 100-200 ms, and 0-300 ms (RFD50-100, r=0.72, p=0.011; RFD100-200, r=0.66, p=0.025; and RFD0-300 r=0.70, p=0.016), respectively. Neither MVF nor muscle quality was significantly associated with functional measures.ConclusionsRFD is an important determinant of physical function in middle-aged and older men with CKD stages 3 and 4.

scholarly journals Relationship between quadriceps thickness and 60-second sit-to-stand test in patients with chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthley J. C. Costa ◽  
Frederico C. B. Cavalcanti ◽  
Shirley Dias Bezerra ◽  
José Candido de Araújo Filho ◽  
Juliana Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between quadriceps muscle thickness and functional performance on the 60s sit-to-stand test (60s-STS), the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and handgrip strength in non-dialytic stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 40 CKD patients aged between 30-70 years. Participants were submitted to an assessment that included quadriceps muscle thickness evaluated by a portable ultrasound. Functional performance tests included the 60s-STS, distance walked in the 6MWT, and handgrip strength. Also, body composition evaluated using electrical bioimpedance analysis and physical activity level through the short version of International Physical Activity were measured. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the quadriceps thickness and functional performance. Results: Quadriceps muscle thickness was correlated to 60s-STS (R2 = 43.6%; 95% CI = 0.022 - 0.665; β = 0.34; p = 0.037). Also, a moderate correlation between this muscle thickness and appendicular skeletal muscle (ALM) was found in CKD patients (r = 0.603, p <0.001). No relationship was found between quadriceps muscle thickness with the 6MWT and handgrip strength. Conclusion: Quadriceps muscle thickness is associated to 60s-STS, thus our results demonstrate the repercussions of the disease on the musculoskeletal system.

Acute Physiological Response to Light- and Heavy-load Power-oriented Exercise in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
Julian Alcazar ◽  
Jose Losa-Reyna ◽  
JuanManuel Carmona-Torres ◽  
Aurora Maria Cruz-Santaella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Maximal Isometric Force

AbstractThis study investigated the acute responses to volume-load-matched heavy-load (80% 1RM) versus light-load (40% 1RM) power-oriented resistance training sessions in well-functioning older adults. Using a randomized cross-over design, 15 volunteers completed each condition on a leg press. Neuromuscular (maximal isometric force and rate of force development) and functional performance (power during sit-to-stand test), lactate, and muscle damage biochemistry (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein serum concentration) were assessed pre- and post-exercise. Performance declines were found after heavy-load (Cohen’s d effect size (d); maximal isometric force=0.95 d; rate of force development=1.17 d; sit-to-stand power =0.38 d, all p<0.05) and light-load (maximal isometric force=0.45 d; rate of force development=0.9 d; sit-to-stand power=1.17 d, all p<0.05), while lactate concentration increased only after light-load (1.7 d, p=0.001). However, no differences were found between conditions (all p>0.05). Both conditions increased creatine kinase the day after exercise (marginal effect=0.75 d, p<0.001), but no other blood markers increased (all, p>0.05). Irrespective of the load used, power training induced non-clinically significant decreases in sit-to-stand performance, moderate declines in maximal isometric force, but pronounced decreases in the rate of force development. Furthermore, the metabolic stress and muscle damage were minor; both sessions were generally well tolerated by well-functioning older adults without previous experience in resistance training.

scholarly journals Regional and muscle-specific adaptations in knee extensor hypertrophy using flywheel versus conventional weight-stack resistance exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy R. Lundberg ◽  
Maria T. García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mirko Mandić ◽  
Mats Lilja ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
Before And After

This study compared the effects of the most frequently employed protocols of flywheel (FW) versus weight-stack (WS) resistance exercise (RE) on regional and muscle-specific adaptations of the knee extensors. Sixteen men (n = 8) and women (n = 8) performed 8 weeks (2–3 days/week) of knee extension RE employing FW technology on 1 leg (4 × 7 repetitions), while the contralateral leg performed regular WS training (4 × 8–12 repetitions). Maximal strength (1-repetition maximum (1RM) in WS) and peak FW power were determined before and after training for both legs. Partial muscle volume of vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus intermedius (VI), and rectus femoris (RF) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, quadriceps cross-sectional area was assessed at a proximal and a distal site. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between FW versus WS in muscle hypertrophy of the quadriceps femoris (8% vs. 9%), VL (10% vs. 11%), VM (6% vs. 8%), VI (5% vs. 5%), or RF (17% vs. 17%). Muscle hypertrophy tended (P = 0.09) to be greater at the distal compared with the proximal site, but there was no interaction with exercise method. Increases in 1RM and FW peak power were similar across legs, yet the increase in 1RM was greater in men (31%) than in women (20%). These findings suggest that FW and WS training induces comparable muscle-specific hypertrophy of the knee extensors. Given that these robust muscular adaptations were brought about with markedly fewer repetitions in the FW compared with WS, it seems FW training can be recommended as a particularly time-efficient exercise paradigm.

Can Hip Joint Position affect Quadriceps Muscle Responses during Knee Extension Exercise?

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 929-935
Author(s):  
Denis César Leite Vieira ◽  
Marco Aurélio Araujo Dourado ◽  
Lucas Ugliara ◽  
Joao Luiz Quagliotti Durigan ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

AbstractThis study investigated the acute effects of seated and supine knee extension exercise on muscle swelling, torque, and work output. Twelve resistance-trained men performed two isokinetic concentric-only knee-extension training protocols at different hip positions in a counter-balanced order. They completed the knee extension exercise in the seated (hip angle at 85°) and supine (hip angle at 180°) positions. The torque and work output were assessed during each set. Moreover, muscle thickness of the middle and proximal vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were evaluated before and after each protocol and used as an indicator of muscle swelling. Middle rectus femoris and proximal vastus lateralis thickness increased significantly (p=0.01) with no difference between exercise variations. However, the middle vastus lateralis thickness increased (p=0.01) only after the seated knee extension exercise (~7%). Knee extensors’ peak torque and work output were approximately 8% higher (p=0.04) in the seated when compared to the supine hip position. There was a similar decrease in torque and work output throughout both protocols (p=0.98). In conclusion, seated knee extension exercises produced greater torque, work output, and muscle swelling in the vastus lateralis when compared to the supine knee extension exercise.

Knee angle-dependent oxygen consumption during isometric contractions of the knee extensors determined with near-infrared spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. de Ruiter ◽  
M. D. de Boer ◽  
M. Spanjaard ◽  
A. de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Knee Extensor Muscles

Fatigue resistance of knee extensor muscles is higher during voluntary isometric contractions at short compared with longer muscle lengths. In the present study we hypothesized that this would be due to lower energy consumption at short muscle lengths. Ten healthy male subjects performed isometric contractions with the knee extensor muscles at a 30, 60, and 90° knee angle (full extension = 0°). At each angle, muscle oxygen consumption (mV̇o2) of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis muscle was obtained with near-infrared spectroscopy. mV̇o2 was measured during maximal isometric contractions and during contractions at 10, 30, and 50% of maximal torque capacity. During all contractions, blood flow to the muscle was occluded with a pressure cuff (450 mmHg). mV̇o2 significantly ( P < 0.05) increased with torque and at all torque levels, and for each of the three muscles mV̇o2 was significantly lower at 30° compared with 60° and 90° and mV̇o2 was similar ( P > 0.05) at 60° and 90°. Across all torque levels, average (± SD) mV̇o2 at the 30° angle for vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis, respectively, was 70.0 ± 10.4, 72.2 ± 12.7, and 75.9 ± 8.0% of the average mV̇o2 obtained for each torque at 60 and 90°. In conclusion, oxygen consumption of the knee extensors was significantly lower during isometric contractions at the 30° than at the 60° and 90° knee angle, which probably contributes to the previously reported longer duration of sustained isometric contractions at relatively short muscle lengths.

Quality over quantity? Association of skeletal muscle myosteatosis and myofibrosis on physical function in chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1344-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Wilkinson ◽  
Douglas W Gould ◽  
Daniel G D Nixon ◽  
Emma L Watson ◽  
Alice C Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by adverse changes in body composition, which are associated with poor clinical outcome and physical functioning. Whilst size is the key for muscle functioning, changes in muscle quality specifically increase in intramuscular fat infiltration (myosteatosis) and fibrosis (myofibrosis) may be important. We investigated the role of muscle quality and size on physical performance in non-dialysis CKD patients. Methods Ultrasound (US) images of the rectus femoris (RF) were obtained. Muscle quality was assessed using echo intensity (EI), and qualitatively using Heckmatt’s visual rating scale. Muscle size was obtained from RF cross-sectional area (RF-CSA). Physical function was measured by the sit-to-stand-60s (STS-60) test, incremental (ISWT) and endurance shuttle walk tests, lower limb and handgrip strength, exercise capacity (VO2peak) and gait speed. Results A total of 61 patients (58.5 ± 14.9 years, 46% female, estimated glomerular filtration rate 31.1 ± 20.2 mL/min/1.73 m2) were recruited. Lower EI (i.e. higher muscle quality) was significantly associated with better physical performance [STS-60 (r = 0.363) and ISWT (r = 0.320)], and greater VO2peak (r = 0.439). The qualitative rating was closely associated with EI values, and significant differences in function were seen between the ratings. RF-CSA was a better predictor of performance than muscle quality. Conclusions In CKD, increased US-derived EI was negatively correlated with physical performance; however, muscle size remains the largest predictor of physical function. Therefore, in addition to the loss of muscle size, muscle quality should be considered an important factor that may contribute to deficits in mobility and function in CKD. Interventions such as exercise could improve both of these factors.

The Association of Obesity With Quadriceps Activation During Sit-to-Stand

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2134-2143
Author(s):  
Lance M Bollinger ◽  
Amanda L Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective Obesity reduces voluntary recruitment of quadriceps during single-joint exercises, but the effects of obesity on quadriceps femoris muscle activation during dynamic daily living tasks, such as sit-to-stand (STS), are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how obesity affects quadriceps muscle recruitment during STS. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 10 women who were lean and 17 women who were obese completed STS from a chair with arms crossed over the chest. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to define 3 distinct phases (I–III) of the STS cycle. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and semitendinosus was measured. Results STS duration was greater (3.02 [SD = 0.75] seconds vs 1.67 [SD = 0.28] seconds) and peak trunk flexion angle was lower (28.9 degrees [SD = 10.4 degrees] vs 35.8 degrees [SD = 10.1 degrees]) in the women who were obese than in the women who were lean. The mean EMG activity of the knee extensors increased from phase I to phase II in both groups; however, the mean EMG activities of both the vastus medialis (32.1% [SD = 16.6%] vs 47.3% [SD = 19.6%] maximal voluntary isometric contraction) and the vastus lateralis (31.8% [SD = 19.4%] vs 47.5% [SD = 19.6%] maximal voluntary isometric contraction) were significantly lower during phase II in the women who were obese. The mean EMG activity of the semitendinosus increased throughout STS but was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Coactivation of the semitendinosus and knee extensors tended to be greater in the women who were obese but failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions Knee extensor EMG amplitude was reduced in women who were obese during STS, despite reduced trunk flexion. Impact Reduced knee extensor recruitment during STS in obesity may redistribute forces needed to complete this task to other joints. Functional movement training may help improve knee extensor recruitment during STS in people who are obese. Lay Summary People with obesity often have low quadriceps muscle strength and impaired mobility during daily activities. This study shows that women who are obese have lower voluntary recruitment of quadriceps when rising from a chair than women who are lean do, which could increase workload on hip or ankle muscles during this important daily task. Quadriceps strengthening exercises might improve the ability to rise from sitting to standing.

scholarly journals Static Loading of the Knee Joint Results in Modified Single Leg Landing Biomechanics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Angular Velocities

ABSTRACTBackgroundExternal loading of the ligamentous tissues induces mechanical creep, which modifies neuromuscular response to perturbations. It is not well understood how ligamentous creep affects athletic performance and contributes to modifications of knee biomechanics during functional tasks.Hypothesis/PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical and neuromuscular responses to single leg drop landing perturbations before and after passive loading of the knee joint.Study DesignDescriptive laboratory studyMethodsMale (n=7) and female (n=14) participants’ (21.3 ± 2.1 yrs, 1.69 ± 0.09 m, 69.3 ± 13.0 kg) right hip, knee, and ankle kinematics were assessed during drop landings performed from a 30 cm height onto a force platform before and after a 10 min creep protocol. Electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), semimembranosus (SM), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. The creep protocol involved fixing the knee joint at 35° during static loading with perpendicular loads of either 200 N (males) or 150 N (females). Maximum, minimum, range of motion (ROM), and angular velocities were assessed for the hip, knee, and ankle joints, while normalized average EMG (NAEMG), average vertical ground reaction forces (aVGRF), and rate of force development (RFD) were assessed at landing. Rate of force development (RFD) was calculated during the landings using ANOVAs. Alpha was set at 0.05.ResultsMaximum hip flexion velocity decreased (p < 0.01). Minimum knee flexion velocity increased (p < 0.02). Minimum knee ad/abduction velocity decreased (p < 0.001). Ankle ROM decreased (p < 0.001). aVGRF decreased (p < 0.02). RFD had a non-significant trend (p = 0.076). NAEMG was significant between muscle groups (p < 0.02).ConclusionDistinct changes in velocity parameters are attributed to the altered mechanical behavior of the knee joint tissues and may contribute to changes in the loading of the leg during landing.

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