scholarly journals The Climate Challenge in Managing Water: Evidence Based on Projections in the Mahanadi River Basin, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Nitin Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Hydrology ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Business As Usual

This study analyzes the long-term changes in the rainfall and surface hydrology of the upper and middle sub-basins of Mahanadi, an inter-state river basin in eastern India that experiences climate-induced hydrological extremes, and draws implications for the sustainability of irrigation and drinking water supplies. The likely impacts of rainfall changes on surface flow were also modeled. A Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was set up (beginning June 2009 and ending May 2050) to analyze the future water balance of the basin for the expected changes in socio-economic conditions. The model was also run for future scenarios that considered different water management interventions, and hydrological consequences of climate variability and change. The model results showed that there would be a water deficit, about 2,182 million cubic meters (MCM) by 2050 (20% of the demand) even under the business-as-usual scenario. The gap is expected to widen to 5,005 MCM (25% of the demand) under a high growth scenario. Further, the water demand management interventions in agriculture would be able to reduce the overall demand for water in the basin to some extent, while it would also reduce the supplies slightly due to a reduction in return flows occurring as a result of irrigation efficiency improvement. The water deficit under this scenario will reduce to about 2,773 MCM in 2050. Under the predicted changes in climate, the water deficit is expected to reduce further (will be 1,684–2,373 MCM in 2050) due to an increase in supplies owing to an increase in the catchment yields resulting from higher rainfall. While there will be a significant amount of outflow from the two sub-basins in all the scenarios in most future years (ranging from 25,286 MCM to 28,697 MCM in 2050), during drought years, the water deficit in the upper basin areas will increase slightly, but with a significant reduction in the outflows to the lower sub-basin areas by 2046–47 (will be about 11,311 MCM). These results indicate that there is a need for building more water storage/diversion infrastructure to detain floodwaters during wet years that can provide buffer storage for the dry years.

scholarly journals A New Water Governance Model Aimed at Supply–Demand Management for Irrigation and Land Development in the Mendoza River Basin, Argentina

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Salomón-Sirolesi ◽  
Joaquín Farinós-Dasí
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Governance Model

This study aimed at achieving an organizational solution for improving the governance of water and land use and, consequently, improving the supply–demand water balance. Related modeling applied to diverse scenarios focus on water and land use development in the Mendoza River basin. A strategic analysis of water organization was performed using causal analysis, producing a Strategic Map (SM) and designing a Balanced Scorecard (BS). To assess the basin’s water resources supply and demand, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was applied to the Administrative Management Units existing in the basin, taking into consideration the water availability and the granted water rights. The application of the organizational and governance model to various scenarios referring to 2030 show that by reordering allocations and water use criteria, implementing a better farm irrigation water management, improving capacity building of existing human resources, and adopting more adequate hard- and software for dams and canal management, it will be possible to accommodate demand in 2030 better than at present despite climate change impacts on demand and supply. In addition, users’ participation will be enhanced.

Study on a Numerical Model of “Rainfall-Runoff” Process Combined with Snowmelt

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4273-4277
Author(s):  
Huang Jinbai ◽  
Wang Bin ◽  
Hinokidani Osamu ◽  
Kajikawa Yuki
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Set Up

In order to achieve the accurate calculation of “rainfall-runoff” process combined with snowmelt and to provide a useful numerical method for estimating surface water resources in a basin, a runoff numerical calculation model of “rainfall-runoff” process combined with snowmelt was developed for a distributive hydrological model. Numerical method on “Rainfall-runoff” process was set up by applying kinematic wave theory, and calculations on snowmelt were made using energy budget method. Validity of the model was verified through numerical simulation of the observed surface flow. Results of the error analysis indicated that a large error existed between the numerical results and the observed ones without considering snowmelt whereas the error was at the permissible range of criterion (< 3 %) by considering snowmelt. The results showed that the snowmelt calculation should be considered at snow melt area when performing the runoff calculation.

scholarly journals Analysis of the development of a hydrological balance for future decades in the Senianska depression in the Eastern Slovak lowland

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tegelhoffová
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Mike She ◽  
Hydrological Balance ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Model Domain ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Set Up

Analysis of the development of a hydrological balance for future decades in the Senianska depression in the Eastern Slovak lowlandThe goal of the article was to analyze the hydrological balance for future decades in a pilot area in the Eastern Slovak lowland. The aim was to set up the physically-based Mike SHE hydrological model for the modeling hydrological balance in the selected wetland ecosystem in the Eastern Slovak Lowland. The pilot area - the Senianska depression is located near the village of Senne, between the Laborec and Uh Rivers. Specifically, it is a traditional landscape of meadows, marshes, cultivated soil, small water control structures and forests. To get a complete model set up for simulating elements of the hydrologic balance in the pilot area, it was necessary to devise a model for a larger area, which includes the pilot area - the Senianska depression. Therefore, both the Mike SHE model was set up for the Laborec River basin (a model domain of 500 × 500 m) and the Čierna voda River basin (a model domain of 100 × 100 m), for the simulation period of 1981-2007, is order to get the boundary conditions (overland flow depth, water levels, discharges and groundwater table) for the model of the pilot area. The Mike SHE model constructed for the pilot area - the Senianska depression (a model domain of 1 × 1 m) -was used to simulate the elements of the hydrological balance for the existing conditions during the simulation period of 1983-2007 and for climate scenarios for the simulation period of 1983-2100. The results of the simulated elements of the hydrological balance for the existing conditions were used for a comparison of the evolution of the hydrologic conditions in the past, for identifying wet and flooded areas and for identifying the spatial distribution of the actual evapotranspiration in the pilot area. The built-up model with setting values was used for modeling the hydrological balance in changed conditions - climate change.

scholarly journals Modelling of Future Water Use Scenarios Using WEAP Model: A Case Study in Baghdad City, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3A) ◽  
pp. 488-503
Author(s):  
Mustafa M. Al-Mukhtar ◽  
Ghasaq S. Mutar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Monthly Streamflow ◽  
Population Rate

Iraq is one of the Middle East countries that suffer from water scarcity. In addition to the water policy of the upstream riparian countries; rapid population increase, economic growth, and climate changes are the major stressors of water resources available for domestic and agricultural sectors in this country. Therefore, it is of importance to determine the optimal water management methodology. This study aims to identify the optimal water allocation among the domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors of Baghdad city under present and potential future scenarios. As such, the WEAP model was used to assess and analyze the current and projected balance of water resource management. The model was firstly calibrated and validated using the monthly streamflow data at Sarai station on the Tigris River. Subsequently, the calibrated model was fed with different future scenarios over the period 2020-2040. The employed future scenarios included normal growth population rate (I), high growth population rate (II), halved river discharges (III), combined scenario of the high population with halved water flow (ΙV) and the simulated future water year type scenario (V). Results proved that the WEAP model satisfactorily modeled the water supply/demand in Baghdad with R2 and Pbias of 0.73 and 2.43%, respectively during the validation period. Also, it was found that the water demand and supply were unmet under all proposed future scenarios which implies that there is a swift need for sustainable water management in Iraq and in Baghdad.

The Canberra least cost planning case study

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Turner ◽  
S. White ◽  
G. Bickford
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Program Evaluations ◽  
Cost Planning ◽  
End Use ◽  
Set Up

This paper provides details of a preliminary least cost planning (LCP) assessment carried out for Canberra, the capital city of Australia, as part of the development of a 50 year Water Resources Strategy. In the assessment a suite of options consisting of demand management, source substitution, reuse and supply were developed to determine how to satisfy water demand requirements for the projected population over the 50 year planning horizon whilst also achieving the identified demand reduction targets. The options developed were then compared on an equal basis using the principles of LCP to identify the suite of lowest cost options to be considered for further analysis and implementation. The suite of demand management options developed was found to have the lowest whole of society levelised cost. Since the preliminary analysis and release of the Water Resources Strategy in April 2004, a water efficiency team has been set up to develop an implementation plan, implement options, develop an end use model, conduct pilot studies and undertake program evaluations.

scholarly journals Structural change in industrial output: China 1995-2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Albala-Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
International Shocks

Purpose The aim of this paper is to learn about some patterns of sectoral and industrial structural change of the Chinese economy over the 1995-2010 period, which also complements a previous paper of the author. The chosen period is about (and conveniently) bounded by two international crises: the Southeast Asian crisis of 1997 and the world crisis that started in 2007/2008. Design/methodology/approach To such a purpose, this paper set up a quantitative methodology via input-output modelling, which allows us to decompose gross output into some key demand sources or contributions. These are then analyzed over the full period. Findings It can be shown that the trajectory of the main structural patterns over the period was not smooth and was pretty unbalanced and that they generally responded to both domestic policy and international shocks. Export demand and heavy industry appeared to be the main engines of the economy, which showed massive increases in their share of output, at the expense of domestic demand, services and agriculture. Despite the high growth rates over this period, the Chinese economy seemed to be in need of rebalancing, which seems to have started toward the end of the authors’ period. Originality/value The decomposition method has been applied before by the author and others, but the variations in this paper are original, just as original is the application to China (never been done before), which in addition is not confined to two or so snapshots separated by many years, as is the usual use, but to the full year-after-year change of the sectoral and industrial structure over this study’s focus period.

scholarly journals Energy Security and Scenario Analysis of Province No. 1 of Federal Republic Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Sujan Dulal ◽  
Shree Raj Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Intervention Scenario

This paper presents the current energy security status of the province No.1 of Nepal using numerous indicators. In addition to that, with the development of six economic growth scenarios i.e. Business As Usual (BAU), Low growth (LOW), High growth (HIG), Accelerated growth (ACC), Normal growth (NOR) and Intervention scenario (INT), the future energy mix and energy security indicators for the year 2040 are also calculated. The paper also gives an overview of the variation/progress of the different indicators during the considered period of study. The study shows that the, energy intensity in the intervention scenario is brought down to 4.44 GJ/$1000 compared to that of 15 GJ/$1000. Also, the electricity consumption per capita is increased to 574 kWh from 116 in the base year. However, these values are only achieved if the provincial government helps implementing central government's plan of promoting the electrical systems instead of traditional fuel woods and fossil fuels system.

scholarly journals Investigating soil moisture-climate interactions with prescribed soil moisture experiments: an assessment with the Community Earth System Model (version 1.2)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Hauser ◽  
René Orth ◽  
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Surface Hydrology ◽  
Climate Interactions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Land surface hydrology is an important control of surface weather and climate. A valuable technique to investigate this link is the prescription of soil moisture in land surface models, which leads to a decoupling of the interaction between the atmosphere and land processes. Diverse approaches to prescribe soil moisture, as well as different prescribed soil moisture conditions can be envisaged. Here, we compare and assess three methodologies to prescribe soil moisture and investigate the impact of two estimates of the climatological seasonal cycle to prescribe soil moisture. This can help to guide the set up of future experiments prescribing soil moisture, as for instance planned within the "Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project" (LS3MIP). Our analysis shows that, though in appearance similar, the different approaches require substantially different long-term moisture inputs and lead to different temperature signals. The smallest influence on temperature and the water balance is found when prescribing the median seasonal cycle of deep soil liquid water, whereas the strongest signal is found when prescribing soil liquid and soil ice using the mean seasonal cycle. These results indicate that induced net water-balance perturbations in experiments investigating soil moisture-climate coupling are important contributors to the climate response, in addition to the intended impact of the decoupling.

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